O impacto das práticas sustentáveis na cadeia de abastecimento no desempenho da empresa

Ao longo da última década, a crescente preocupação com as ameaças suscitadas pelas mudanças climáticas e o esgotamento dos recursos naturais tem-se tornado evidente em diversas indústrias e na população global. Além da salvaguarda do ambiente natural, espera-se, das empresas, que respeitem princípios de equidade social nas suas práticas e processos produtivos. Existe uma perceção generalizada de que as empresas e os diversos governos nacionais devem ser mais eficientes na utilização dos recursos naturais e humanos, de modo a promover um desenvolvimento ambiental, social e económico equilibrado e sustentável. Consequentemente, todas as indústrias serão desafiadas a reorganizar as suas cadeias de abastecimento, preservando o ambiente natural e respeitando as comunidades locais. É neste contexto que se insere a presente investigação, que visa contribuir para a consolidação da teoria da gestão sustentável da cadeia de abastecimento. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é o de identificar e analisar os fatores que induzem e instigam as empresas à implementação de práticas ambientais e sociais, identificar e caracterizar as práticas sustentáveis utilizadas e perceber a relação destas práticas com o desempenho económico, ambiental e social. Para responder aos propósitos fixados para o estudo fez-se uso de uma abordagem qualitativa que integrou estudos de caso múltiplos, constituídos a partir de oito empresas de diferentes setores de atividade, que operam em Portugal, destinados a analisar as estratégias de sustentabilidade desenvolvidas e implementadas por essas das organizações. Ao longo da investigação empírica, identificam-se as práticas ambientais e sociais implementadas nas empresas e nas suas cadeias de abastecimento e os diferentes indicadores que as mesmas utilizam para medição do seu desempenho. Nos casos analisados, são apresentadas evidências de que a gestão sustentável da cadeia de abastecimento requer das empresas a criação de mecanismos formais de cooperação entre os vários membros da cadeia de abastecimento e de que existe uma relação entre a aplicação de práticas sustentáveis e o desempenho económico, ambiental e social.

Environmental impact assessment: looking at sediments in Nootka Sound for traces of pulp mill effluent

Senior thesis written for Oceanography 445

Environmental performance policy indicators for the public sector: The case of the defence sector

Journal of Environmental Management, nº 82 p. 410–432

National energy policies of the Federal Republic of Germany and Canada in the 1970s and 1980s: are economic and/or environmental concerns responsible for change?

The thesis presents a comparison of the national energy policies of the Federal Republic of Germany and Canada from 1973 until the late 1980s. The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether economic and/or environmental concerns were responsible for changes in the· West-German and Canadian national energy policies. Furthermore, the feasibility of implementing a soft energy path in West-Germany and Canada is examined. For better comprehension of the policy-making process and implemented changes in the national energy policies of the two states, the West-German and Canadian parliamentary systems and the political cultures were compared. For the analysis, several events with international impact were taken as guidelines. Furthermore, based on statistical data, the West-German and Canadian energy production and consumption were analyzed. With reference to these results the degree of the de facto changes in the national energy policies were analyzed. In addition, the thesis discusses the possibilities which a soft energy path offers to both national governments to renounce themselves from the dependencies on a few energy resources. The thesis reveals that changes in the West-German and Canadian national energy policies, in their energy production and consumption are correlated to various world events. In particular, governmental reponses security of energy supply by the two international oil crises of 1973 and 1979/1980 demonstrate that changes in the West-German and Canadian national energy policies were implemented in reaction to economic concerns than environmental ones. With the policies "away from oil" and "off oil", the West-German and Canadian government implemented the i i substitution of oil through various diverse energy supply resources. However, energy savings concepts and policies were initiated through the first oil crisis in 1973. The world recessions in 1975 and 1982 had no 'profound impacts on the agenda of West-German and Canadian energy policies. As a consequence of the stagnation or the negative growth of the world economic market, changes in their energy production and consumption can be perceived. However, the West-German and Canadian energy production and consumption intensified with the augmentation of the world economy. During the period of study, environmental concerns were taken into account in the energy policy agendas of the Federal Republic of Germany and Canada but they were not of primary concern. wi thin the decade of. the 1980s notably more environmental considerations were taken into account in the energy policies of the two states. The two nuclear reactor accidents in 1979 and 1986 sharpened to various degrees West-German and Canadian public discourse of present energy supply mix and attitude towards energy production and consumption. The statistical data reflects yet no changes in the energy policies in regard to the position of nuclear power. However, in the next several years possible changes can be observed through statistical data, because the planning, the construction and possible phase out of nuclear power requires several years. Finally, the thesis reveals that the implementation of a soft energy path requires profound changes in the consumer behaviour. As several studies indicate, a soft energy path is technological and economically feasible for the Federal Republic of Germany and Canada, its implementation remains to be a political decision.

The interpretation of environmental sustainability (ES) by the IOC/Olympic Games 1994-2008

The purpose of this qualitative multi-case study was to examine the interpretation of environmental sustainability (ES) within the Olympic 11 Movement. Two research questions guided the inquiry - first, how has the concept of ES been defined by the International Olympic Committee (lOC), and second, how has the concept of ES been defined and enacted by the Organizing Committees ofthe Olympic Games (OCOGs)? During the past two decades, the International Olympic Committee (lOC) established several policies and programs related to ES. Its actions reflect a broader trend of environmentalism within economic and social spheres around the world (Milton-Smith, 2002). Despite the numerous initiatives, the Olympic Games continue to cause significant environmental damage. Frey, et al. (2007) argued that the Olympic Movement contradicts the fundamental premises of ES because the Games are hosted in a two week time period, are situated in a confined area, and accumulate operating and infrastructure costs in the billions of dollars. Further, Etzion (2007) stated "there is positive and significant correlation between firm siz~ and environmental performance" (p. 642) and in the context of the Olympics the sizeimpact relation is striking. Since 1972, the year the UN launched its international environmental awareness efforts, the Summer Olympics grew to 201 nations (39% increase), 10,500 athletes (32% increase), 28 sports (30% increase), and 302 events (43% increase) (Johnson, 2004; Girginov & Parry, 2005; Upegui, 2008). The proliferation of Games activities counters the ES principles that exist within many of the IOC declarations, policies and programs.

Ethics, tourists and the environmental practices of the North American cruise ship industry: a comparison study of the ethical standards of Alaskan and Caribbean cruise ship tourists

Please consult the paper edition of this thesis to read. It is available on the 5th Floor of the Library at Call Number: Z 9999 R43 S54 2005

Greener Golf Operations: A Comparative Case Study of Ontario Golf Courses Engaged in Environmental Sustainability Initiatives

This research explored environmental sustainability (ES) initiatives at five top-ranked Ontario golf courses that were members of the Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program for Golf (ACSP). Research Questions: (1) How are golf courses adapting to safeguard the natural environment? (2) Why or why not are golf courses moving to ES? and (3) What are the arising barriers to ES in golf and how can they be overcome; what role does communication play? Overall, the research was framed with an adaptation of the dimensions of convergence by Houlihan (2012), including the motives, inputs, implementation, momentum, and impact. Additionally, impression management and message framing constructs were utilized to address the issue of communicating ES initiatives. Data collection involved in-depth interviews, observations, and unobtrusive document collection. Environmental aspects of the examination were guided by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Requirements and Guidance for Organizers of Sustainable Events and Sustainable Sport and Event Toolkit (SSET).

L’influence du développement durable à travers la formation universitaire en design industriel

Aujourd’hui, nous savons qu’environ 75 à 80% des impacts environnementaux des produits sont déterminés lors de la conception. Le rôle du designer industriel est donc crucial pour arriver à une forme de développement plus viable. Cette recherche tente de cibler les champs de connaissances qui devraient faire partie de la formation des professionnels du développement de produits pour y intégrer les aspects environnementaux. Après une recension de la littérature en design industriel, en pédagogie et en environnement, l’étude de terrain a été conduite en deux temps. Selon des critères prédéfinis, des programmes universitaires « spécialisés » en environnement/développement durable, au Québec, ainsi que des formations en éco-conception, offerts en France, ont été analysés. L’étude de terrain a été complétée par un entretien en profondeur semi-dirigé avec un consultant, qui aide des entreprises québécoises à intégrer l’environnement en développement de produits. L’analyse des informations recueillies met en évidence la nécessité de transformer rapidement les formations universitaires en conception de produits. Le nouveau cursus de design industriel devrait; 1. Intégrer les connaissances relatives aux impacts environnementaux; 2. Encourager le travail en équipes multidisciplinaires pour enrichir la collecte d’informations relative aux projets de développement; 3. Établir une collaboration étroite entre les établissements d’enseignement et les industries, ce qui est essentiel à la compréhension des enjeux de développement de produits et services (culture de l’entreprise, coût, délais, logistique, réglementation, etc.).

Legal Control of Industrial Pollution

Industries constitute the main spring of development. Without industrial development no country could reach a stage in which a decent living for its citizens would be achieved. Increasing production to meet the basic needs of society augmented scientific invention and machine oriented industrial order.Environmental pollution ls a burning global issue. It is more serious and dangerous than terrorism. Started with the discovery of fire and development of civilization. Pollution went unnoticed throughout the centuries of human growth until its adverse effects on human environment become explicit.National concern tor environment started in our country only atter the cause of protection of environment received global attention. At present legal control ot industrial pollution is in a scattered framework of piece meal processes with overlapping provisions and authorities.Environmental protection- should be an item not only in the concurrent list of schedule 7 to the Constitution but also in the list of matters entrusted to the panchayati institutions in the Schedule 11. It is heartening to note that so far as municipalities are concerned the Constitution of India lives up to the expectation. In the wake of New Industrial Policy based on liberalisation a long list of small scale industries fall outside the purview of environmental clearance. The Indian concept of environmental im»act assessment introduced under the Environment Act by notification excludes the entire gamut of small scale industries and r.elates only to scheduled industries covered by the notifica~ion. Most of them are subjected to ETA only it the investment goes above ~.50 crores. This provision dilutes the impact assessment considerably A mandatory impact assessment with public partiCipation and with provision for a review by specialized environmental courts will eliminate the possible evils of this judicial passiveness.

Problemàtica ambiental associada a la implantació de polígons industrials en municipis petits, el cas de Vilamalla i el Far d’Empordà

Aquest treball pretén identificar, predir i valorar les problemàtiques associades a la implantació i desenvolupament dels polígons industrials LOGIS Empordà (El Far d’Empordà), Empordà Internacional i CM3 (Vilamalla) utilitzant diversos indicadors (aigües, residus industrials, mobilitat, contaminació atmosfèrica). Posteriorment es fa una proposta per tal de millorar aquests aspectes ambientals

Disseny d’una nau industrial amb estructura i fonamentació de formigó prefabricat

L’objectiu d’aquest treball és realitzar un projecte on es buscaran diferents tipus de sabates prefabricada de formigó que hi ha en el mercat, per tal de seleccionar la més adequada a través d’una sèrie de càlculs, tant des del punt de vista tècnic, de facilitat de muntatge i de transport, com econòmic, i d’aquesta manera arribar a una solució. Aquest projecte és un subprojecte d’un altre que correspon a la construcció de la totalitat de la nau industrial prefabricada. Per tant, la part important d’aquest projecte és l’estudi de les sabates prefabricades de formigó, el qual, es realitzarà partint d’una informació addicional, que aparentment sembla poc important, però, en realitat, és imprescindible per dur-lo a terme

Desarrollo de estrategias ambientales que contribuyan a la reducción de los impactos ambientales en la ejecución de obras de ingeniería civil

Los diferentes sectores de la economía ejercen múltiples actividades que impulsan el crecimiento socio-económico de los diferentes países, sin embargo dichas actividades tienen repercusiones importantes a nivel ambiental, dentro de las que se encuentran transformaciones irreversibles del planeta, tanto físicas como químicas. Gracias a esto, en la actualidad, las empresas y organizaciones han empezado a controlar con mayor responsabilidad sus respectivos procesos y operaciones, buscando no solo mitigar los impactos negativos ocasionados al medio ambiente y a la sociedad sino la optimización en el uso de recursos tanto físicos como económicos. El presente estudio tiene como finalidad analizar las operaciones que se realizan en una obra civil, con el fin de identificar cuáles son las principales causantes de contaminación, por otro lado se hará mención de como la normatividad y legislación colombiana aplica y ejerce control en cada uno de los mismos, finalmente se plantearán diferentes soluciones y alternativas para que dicha industria pueda implementarlas en sus quehaceres diarios. Para lograr lo anterior se utilizaron diferentes herramientas que facilitaron la obtención de datos e información para el estudio tales como: entrevistas a los miembros y participantes de la obra civil, visitas de campo, recopilación de información de estudios similares, realización de la matriz de aspectos e impactos y fichas ambientales, entre otras. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron entender que es inevitable que esta industria no genere ciertas contaminaciones e impactos negativos, además de identificar que la normativa del país en cuanto control ambiental se encuentra algo atrasada, factor que fue determinante a la hora de proponer distintas alternativas que buscan tanto facilitar las prácticas que el sector de la construcción tiene en el país como minimizar al máximo los impactos ambientales negativos ocasionados.

Projecte d’ampliació i acondicionament d’una nau industrial destinada a processos metal•lúrgics

El present projecte pretèn ampliar i condicionar una nau industrial existent, destinada a processos metal•lúrgics, propietat de l’empresa Muntatges Industrials Palafolls, SCP. L’establiment es troba situat al polígon Industrial de Can Baltasar, en el municipi de Palafolls. Per tal de dur a terme aquestes modificacions, s’enderrocaran els departaments existents i es dimensionaran en una nova ubicació dintre del recinte de l’establiment. Es dimensionarà una nova estructura per a sustentar un pont grua de 10 tn, situada a l’interior de la nau. A més a més, es dimensionaran les instal•lacions elèctriques i contra incendis de l’establiment. El projecte contindrà tota la documentació necessària per a dur a terme l’ampliació i remodelació de la nau industrial i la instal•lació del pont grua.

L'esquerda ecològica: residus industrials i geografia humana

L'article presenta una visió global de la problemàtica dels residus industrials des d'una doble perspectiva que destaca el caràcter socioterritorial dels impactes, associats a la seva presència en el medi, i els conflictes que s'esdevenen entorn a les opcions de gestió actualment vigents. Després d'examinar els residus en relació amb la producció industrial, i la producció i 'eliminació', dels residus industrials des de la dimensió territorial, es fa un repàs de les polítiques de gestió, sobre la base de diferents països productors, i s'estudien les implicacions sociopolítiques dels models de gestió, tot centrant-se en l'analisi de les iniciatives ciutadanes alemanyes i de les mobilitzacions a Catalunya en resposta al 'Pla Director per a la Gestió dels Residus Industrials a Catalunya'. A les conclusions s'enceta una reflexió a l'entorn de la recerca en Geografia Humana i l'anàlisi dels residus industrials, i es plantegen les implicacions teòriques i epistemològiques de cara a una visió social dels problemes ambientals

Projecte de construcció d'una plataforma especial per al desgel i neteja d'aeronaus a l'aeroport de Girona-Costa Brava

L’objecte d’aquest projecte és definir totes les instal·lacions que caldria construir per tal de dotar l’Aeroport de Girona-Costa Brava d’una plataforma (àrea pavimentada) especial d’estacionament que servís per al desgel i la neteja d’aeronaus, minimitzant al màxim l’impacte sobre el medi ambient i garantint el manteniment de l’operativitat a l’aeroport. El disseny d’aquesta plataforma hauria de permetre recollir l’aigua amb etilenglicol procedent de les operacions de desgel i conduir-la a un dipòsit per al seu posterior tractament i reutilització, a fi de no contaminar el subsòl i les aigües subterrànies. En cas de no utilitzar-se, l’aigua recollida en aquesta plataforma es conduiria a la xarxa d’aigües pluvials