Redefining the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigen EBNA-1 gene promoter and transcription initiation site in group I Burkitt lymphoma cell lines.

The Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigen EBNA-1 gene promoter for the restricted Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency program operating in group I Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell lines was previously identified incorrectly. Here we present evidence from RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) cloning, reverse transcription-PCR, and S1 nuclease analyses, which demonstrates that the EBNA-1 gene promoter in group I BL cell lines is located in the viral BamHI Q fragment, immediately upstream of two low-affinity EBNA-1 binding sites. Transcripts initiated from this promoter, referred to as Qp, have the previously reported Q/U/K exon splicing pattern. Qp is active in group I BL cell lines but not in group III BL cell lines or in EBV immortalized B-lymphoblastoid cell lines. In addition, transient transfection of Qp-driven reporter constructs into both an EBV-negative BL cell line and a group I BL cell line gave rise to correctly initiated transcripts. Inspection of Qp revealed that it is a TATA-less promoter whose architecture is similar to the promoters of housekeeping genes, suggesting that Qp may be a default promoter which ensures EBNA-1 expression in cells that cannot run the full viral latency program. Elucidation of the genetic mechanism responsible for the EBNA-1-restricted program of EBV latency is an essential step in understanding control of viral latency in EBV-associated tumors.

Images of Europeans: In-Group Trust and Support for European Integration. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series Vol. 14 No. 3, March 2014

Prior research on citizen support for European integration does not consider how individuals’ evaluations of European nationalities are associated with support. This paper fills this gap by developing a political cohesion model based on social identity theory. I claim that the probability of supporting integration increases with greater levels of trust in fellow Europeans, which assumes to reflect their positive images. Also, trust in eastern European Union nationalities has the highest impact on the probability for support, followed by trust in the southern nationalities, and then northern nationalities due to the eastern and southern nationalities relatively lower economic development. Controlling for various factors, the ordered logistic regression analysis of the European Election Study (2004) data support these claims.

Analyses of demographic, attitudinal and behavioral characteristics of participants in the diagnostic inspection demonstration projects. Volume I - consumer responses in group comparisons.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Neutron slowing down in group diffusion theory

"Contract AT-11-1-GEN-14. Bettis PLant, Pittsburgh, Pa., operated for the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission by Westinghouse Electric Corporation."

The new psychology for leadership, based on researches in group dynamics and human relations,

Mode of access: Internet.

Sociometry in group relations; a manual for teachers.

Mode of access: Internet.

Households, population in group quarters, household size, and vacant units, 1980 and 1990 : by county, township, and municipality.

Chiefly tables.

Gaby Smart, co-founder of Esquire, with David Smart and others in group.

Student Army Training Corps - World War I - Photograph LA XXXII - The Usual Manner of Conducting a Class in Visual Signaling

Gaby Smart, co-founder of Esquire, with David Smart in group, November 13, 1940.

Student Army Training Corps - World War I - Photograph LA XXXII - The Usual Manner of Conducting a Class in Visual Signaling

Percival C. Lowery in group photograph

Scene showing a group of men, women, and children. The men appear to be members of the Grand Army of the Republic, possibly the Gov. Crapo Post #145