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本文内容包括Tb~(3+)、Pr~(3+)、Ce~(3+)的光氧化。研究了各种因素对氧化率或四价离子生成量的影响。在Tb~(3+)光氧化的基础上,建立了混合钇族稀土中Tb的光化学分析法及混合稀土中Tb的化学氧化分析方法。Tb~(3+)、Pr~(3+)的光氧化是开创性的工作,Tb的分析方法具有一定的应用价值。1 Ce~(3+)d HZO_3-HClO_4体系中的光氧化 用低压汞灯(254nm)、高压汞灯(366nm)和氩离子激光器(351/364nm, 458 nm, 477nm, 502 nm, 514, nm)光辐照Ce~(3+)-HZO_3-HClO_4溶液,Ce~(3+)发生光氧化反应,生成Ce(ZO_3)_4沉淀 。在低压汞灯254 nm波段可获得较高的氧化率,具它波段下的氧化率低,以低压汞灯为光源辐照。研究了温度、光强、酸度、Ce~(3+)初始浓度及辐照时间对氧化率的影响。降低酸度,选择较高的温度和较大的光强,有利于Ce~(3+)的光氧化。2 Tb~(3+)在KIO_4-KOH体系中的光氧化 用高压汞灯(366nm)光辐照Tb~(3+)-KIO_4-KOH溶液,首次实现了Tb~(3+)的光氧化。研究了碱度、络合剂浓度,Tb~(3+)初始浓度、辐照面积,光强和辐照时间等因素对Tb~(4+)生成的影响。测定了Tb(IV)/Rb(III)的氧化还原电势。适宜的KOH浓度应大于0.3M,KIO_4的浓度要比Tb~(3+)初始浓度大几个数量级。当KOH=0.6M, KIO_4=0.22M, 温度为13 ℃时。E_(Tb(IV)/Tb(III))=0.68优,生成的Tb~(4+)可溶性络离子为红棕色,最大吸收峰在420nm附近,比较稳定。3 用光氧化法分析钇族混合稀土中的Tb 根据Tb~(3+)在KIO_4-KOH体系中的光氧化反应,建立了钇族混合稀土中Tb的分光光度分析方法。在高压汞灯366nm的光辐照不无色的Tb~(3+)转变为红棕色的Tb~(4+),其谱带的吸收峰值在420nm,其它三价钇族稀土无此反应,故无千扰,在Tb的分析浓度范围为1*10~(-5)M - 1*10~(-3)M时,符合Beer定律,Tb在钇族混合稀土中含量的分析最低限为0.2%。此方法可用于萃取钇族稀土过程中Tb的分析,方法简便快速。4 用化学氧化法分析混合稀土中的Tb 根据Tb~(3+)在KIO_4-KOH-K_2S_2O_8体系中的氧化反应,建立了混和稀土中Tb的分光光度分析方法。Tb~(3+)-KzO_4-KOH-K_2S_2O_8溶液加热,Tb~(3+)被氧化的Tb~(4+),其颜色由无色转变为红棕色,最大吸收峰在420nm。Ce~(3+)加入KIO_4-KOH溶液后,立即被完全氧化为Ce~(4+), Ce~(4+)在420nm也有吸收,其干扰可以在本底中排除,其它三价稀土离子在此体系中不能发生氧化反应,故无干扰。在Tb的分析浓度范围为5*10~(-5)-5*10~(-4)M时,符合Beer定律,Tb在混合稀土中含量分析的最低限为1%。此方法可用于萃取稀土过程中Tb的分析和监控,方法简便快速。5 Pr~(3+)在KZO_4-KOH体系中的光氧化用高压汞灯光辐照Pr~(3+)-KZO_4-KOH溶液,首次实现了Pr~(3+)的光氧化。生成的Pr~(4+)为棕褐色,最大吸收峰在400nm附近,稳定性较差,在水溶液中发生自还原反应。按Pr~(4+)在400nm的吸收峰值,研究了辐照时间,Pr~(3+)初始浓度,KOH浓度、KZO_4浓度及Ce~(4+)共存时对Pr~9(4+)生成的影响。相应增加KOH及KZO_4用量,有利于Pr~(4+)的生成,Ce~(4+)对Pr~(3+)的光氧化无所谓的“带同氧化作用”。

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本文在溶液理论的基础上,用纯热力学方法研究了中性磷萃取剂-金属体系(TBP-Er(no_3)_3)和氨化P_(50)-金属体系(P_(50)-cus04)的平衡计算模型。对于TBP体系有下列萃取平衡Er(NO_3)_3 (a) + 3TBP_((0)) <-> Er(NO_3)_3. 3TBP_((0))对于氨化P50体系,在萃取剂大量过量下有下的平衡Er(NO_3)_3 (a) + 3TBP_((0)) <-> Er(NO_3)_3. 3TBP(0)对氧化P50体系,在萃取剂大量过量下有下的平衡Cu_((a))~(2+) + partial deriv H_2R_2_((0)) <-> Cu(HR_2)_2 + 2H~+。用Scatchard-hildebrand模型预测了C_6H_(24)-TBP二元体系的担力学性质,以近似地用于H_2O - 16H_4 - TBP三之体系,减少了实验工作量。用气相色谱法求得了三之体系H_2O - (6H_(14) - P_(50))的热力学平衡数据,由于改进了进样系统,使实验误差<2%。对二体系的水相,均采用Pitzer理论求算γ_(Er(WO_3)_3),和γ_(Cn~(2+))。对有机相,用热力学关系求出了水,正已烷,萃取剂,的活度系数。实验结果用Scatchard-Hildebrand模型进行关联。使计算机上进行回归处理,求得萃取反应的热力学平衡常数Ka和萃合物的活度系数。计算中,将有效平衡常数进一步分解,以提出显函数项,并在图解数分中改进了计算方法,使得每条萃取等温成都解得到合理的积分值。Schatchard-Hildebrand模型能在较宽的有机相浓度区域应用。所得到的端值常数,可定性地分析各组分的相互作用。

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用光致发光的方法研究了掺铽的ZnO纳米晶这种新型掺杂纳米晶体系,观察到了其中的协同发光现象,指出ZnO纳米基质与掺入其中的铽中心之间存在有效的能量传递。该能量传递对稀土铽离子的特征发光起决定性的作用。

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于2010-11-23批量导入

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Mossbauer spectra for Fe atoms in the series of R3Fe29-xVx (R = Y, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, and Dy) compounds were collected at 4.2 K. The ratio of 14.5 T/mu(B) between the average hyperfine field B-hf and the average Fe magnetic moment mu(Fe)(MS), obtained from our data, in Y3Fe29-xVx is in agreement with that deduced from the RxTy alloys by Gubbens et al. The average Fe magnetic moments mu(Fe)(MS) in these compounds at 4.2 K, deduced from our Mossbauer spectroscopic studies, are in accord with the results of magnetization measurement. The average hyperfine field of the Fe sites for R3Fe29-xVx at 4.2 K increases with increasing values of the rare earth effective spin (g(J) - 1) J, which indicates that there exists a transferred spin polarization induced by the neighboring rare earth atom.

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Fe-57 Mossbauer spectra for the Fe atoms in the R3Fe29-xTx (R=Y, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy; T=V, Cr) compounds were collected at 4.2 K. The analysis of Mossbauer spectra was based on the results of magnetization and neutron powder diffraction measurements. The average Fe magnetic moments at 4.2 K, deduced from our data, are in accord with magnetization measurements. The average hyperfine field of Tb3Fe29-xCrx (x=1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0) decreases with increasing Cr concentration, which is also in accordance with the variation of the average Fe magnetic moment in the Tb3Fe29-xCrx compounds.

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The crystallographic and intrinsic magnetic properties of hydride R3Fe29-xTxHy (R=Y, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, and Dy; T=V and Cr) have been investigated. The lattice constants and the unit cell volume of R3Fe29-xTxHy decrease with increasing R atomic number from Nd to Dy, except for Ce, reflecting the lanthanide contraction. Regular anisotropic expansions, mainly along the a- and b-axis rather than along the c-axis, are observed for all the compounds upon hydrogenation. Hydrogenation leads to an increase in Curie temperature. First-order magnetization processes (FOMP) occur in magnetic fields of around 1.5 T and 4.0 T at 4.2 K for Nd3Fe24.5Cr4.5H5.0 and Tb(3)Fc(27.0)Cr(2.0)H(2.8), and around 1.4 T at room temperature for Gd3Fe28.0Cr1.0H4.2 Abnormal crystallographic and magnetic properties of Ce3Fe29-xTxHy suggest that the Ce ion is non-triply ionized.

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