Spin-related phenomena in magnetic and spin-orbit couppled bose-einstein condensates

129 p.

SOTRAFA, S.A. Plan de Marketing

Esto es un Trabajo de Fin de Grado en el que se realizará un plan de marketing para la empresa SOTRAFA, S.A. Haremos un análisis externo e interno para ver sus amenazas, oportunidades, fortalezas y debilidades y así poder fijar con criterio unos objetivos. Una vez claros los objetivos, redactaremos unas estrategias y los planes de acción a realizar en el plazo de un año. SOTRAFA, S.A es una empresa fabricante de láminas de polietileno, perteneciente al grupo Armando Álvarez, líder transformando film de polietileno en el mercado español, concretamente en la zona de Andalucía. La empresa ofrece productos para el cultivo intensivo, muy extendido en la zona sur de España. Su ventaja competitiva puede basarse en la calidad de sus productos y en estar siempre a la vanguardia de las nuevas tecnologías en lo relativo a su sector. Tras el análisis previamente realizado, hemos sacado las siguientes conclusiones: - Amenazas A1: Aumento de la competencia A2: Volatilidad del precio de la materia prima A3: Costes energéticos para la transformación A4: Plástico y percepción medioambiental: residuos plásticos A5: Riesgo cambio de divisa A6: Formación de cooperativas para aumentar el poder de negociación - Oportunidades O1: Aumento de demanda de productos ecológicos, sin tratamientos químicos O2: Inclemencias meteorológicas por el cambio climático: protección de cultivos frente a la agresividad del viento, granizo y fuerte lluvia. O3: Demanda creciente para incrementar cosechas O4: Restricciones legales sobre pesticidas: los plásticos reducen la dosificación de tratamientos. O5: Aumento de la población, por ende, mayor demanda - Debilidades D1: Debido a su posicionamiento, los precios de los productos son más elevados que los de la competencia, esto en épocas de crisis puede perjudicarnos ya que los clientes pueden renuncia a calidad por ahorro en costes. D2: Poco poder de negociación con los proveedores de materias primas D3: Ausencia de plan de marketing definido D4: Poca presencia en el mundo online - Fortalezas F1: Empresa grande, por lo tanto gran poder de negociación con los clientes F2: Gran calidad de sus productos F3: Líder en el mercado nacional F4: La empresa se financia con recursos propios o con los de su matriz F5: Compromiso con el cliente F6: Manejo eficiente de los recursos hídricos. Una vez analizadas sus fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas, fijaremos los objetivos y las acciones a realizar: 1. Aumentar las ventas Para conseguir que nuestras ventas se vean incrementadas, lanzaremos un nuevo producto al mercado. El plástico destinado a la desinfección del terreno, viene a cubrir una necesidad del mundo agrícola. Hasta ahora, esta labor de limpieza se hacía mediante elementos químicos. La normativa medioambiental ha prohibido su uso, por lo que hay que recurrir a otros métodos. Nuestro plástico ofrece una solución natural, con idéntico resultado al uso de agentes químicos, sin contaminar el terreno. Para su penetración en el mercado realizaremos rappels sobre ventas para distribuidores y cooperativas, así como demostraciones de su uso para nuestros clientes. 2. Mantener la posición de liderazgo La experiencia de campo acumulada, hace que nuestro fabricados tengas unos altos estándares de calidad. Esto, unido a las constantes inversiones en tecnología, nos permite extender la garantía sobre nuestros productos, lo cual nos otorga una ventaja competitiva. Para poder mantener esto, estableceremos controles de calidad más estrictos. También ofreceremos a nuestros clientes la posibilidad de personalizar el embalaje de nuestros productos a su gusto, para así diferenciarnos de la competencia y ofrecer otro tipo de soluciones a nuestros clientes. 3. Mayor notoriedad online El sector tiene un déficit en lo que al uso de nuevas tecnologías se refiere. Ser los primeros en avanzar en este terreno, nos permitirá tomar distancia sobre nuestros competidores a la vez que fortalecerá la imagen de empresa avanzada y en constante evolución. Para conseguir este objetivo, crearemos perfiles en redes sociales y publicaremos anuncios en páginas webs relacionadas con el sector. 4. Fidelización del cliente a través del producto y el servicio El cliente es la parte fundamental de la empresa. Cuesta mucho esfuerzo el introducirse en nuevos clientes, y mucho menos el perder uno que ya tenemos. Por tanto, el que los que ya tenemos en cartera estén satisfechos, nos ayudará a tener una base sólida sobre la que acometer nuevos proyectos. Para fidelizar a nuestros clientes, crearemos jornadas de puertas abiertas, para estrechar la relación y mantenernos más cercanos a ellos. También mejoraremos el tiempo de entrega de nuestros pedidos, anticipándonos a las compras de nuestros clientes. 5. Potenciar el e-commercer como una nueva vía de distribución Si bien en este mercado la relación personal es todavía muy importante, no cabe duda que en un futuro, una parte de las transacciones comerciales se harán por esta vía. El uso de este canal no viene a sustituir a los anteriores sino a complementarlos. 6. Establecer relaciones comerciales con un distribuidor norteamericano, para que comercialice nuestros productos y en un futuro cercano, introducirnos en ese mercado. Para que nuestra empresa siga creciendo y desarrollándose necesitamos buscar nuevos mercados. Para ello, estudiaremos que empresas americanas están introducidas en el mundo agrícola con el fin de tratar de llegar a algún tipo de acuerdo comercial para que distribuyan nuestros productos. El jefe de producto acudirá a las principales ferias de productos agrícolas y para el campo que se celebren en Estados Unidos. En ellas deberá llegar a algún acuerdo comercial con algún distribuidor americano, para que este comercialice nuestros productos en ese mercado.

MOFs basados en CuII-PDC-bpe (PDC= 2,5-piridindicarboxilato, bpe= 1,2-di(4piridil)eteno): Cristaloquímica de redes 2D tipo Herringbone

Comunicación a congreso (póster): XXIV Simposio del Grupo Especializado de Cristalografía y Crecimiento Cristalino, GE3C. 23-26 de junio de 2014, Bilbao

Feeding Ecology of the Franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei) In Marine And Estuarine Waters Of Argentina

Stomach contents of 110 franciscanas (Pontoporia blainvillei), from northern Argentina were analysed in order to improve our knowledge about the feeding habits of this species and to better characterise the lactation period. The samples included calves, juveniles and adults of both sexes. Evidence of predation by franciscanas is seen at a very young age (2.5-3 months), with a transition diet composed by both milk and solid food, mainly represented by crustaceans. Weaning seems to begin by April, when franciscanas are about 6-7 months old. Franciscanas inhabiting two different habitats were analysed in this study: a brackish water estuary and an adjacent marine coastal system. The diet of Pontoporia blainvillei in northern Argentina was composed by a total of 26 prey species: 20 teleosts, 4 crustaceans and 2 cephalopods. Based on the Index of Relative Importance (IRI) the main prey species were Cynoscion guatucupa, Micropogonias furnieri, Loligo sanpaulensis and Urophycis brasiliensis. Estuarine franciscanas preyed mainly on Micropogonias furnieri (dominant species), Cynoscion guatucupa, Odonthestes argentinensis and Macrodon ancylodon, while dolphins from marine areas preyed mainly on Cynoscion guatucupa (dominant species), Loligo sanpaulensis and Urophycis brasiliensis. Our results confirm that franciscanas prey mainly on juvenile fish (< 8cm) and small loliginid squids, in close agreement with previous results obtained in southern Brazil and Uruguay. Qualitative and quantitative differences observed in the diet of dolphins from each habitat emphasise the need to discriminate between samples from different habitats and environmental parameters. SPANISH: Se analizaron 110 contenidos estomacales de franciscanas (Pontoporia blainvillei) provenientes de la costa norte de Argentina, para extender en conocimiento sobre su dieta y caracterizar la lactancia. Las muestras incluyeron cachorros, juveniles y adultos de ambos sexos. Las primeras etapas de predación se inician a muy temprana edad (2,5-3 meses), presentando una dieta de transición compuesta tanto por leche como por presas sólidas, principalmente crustáceos; el destete se iniciaría a partir de abril, a una edad estimada entre 6 y 7 meses. Las franciscanas estudiadas provienen de dos habitats diferentes: un área estuarial de baja salinidad y la region marina adyacente. La dieta de Pontoporia blainvillei de Argentina estuvo compuesta por un total de 26 especies: 20 teleósteos, 4 crustáceos y 2 cefalópodos. Basados en el Indice de Importancia Relativa (IIR), las presas más importantes fueron Cynoscion guatucupa, Micropogonias furnieri, Loligo sanpaulensis y Urophycis brasiliensis. Las franciscanas provenientes del área estuarial predaron principalmente sobre Micropogonias furnieri (especie dominante), Cynoscion guatucupa, Odonthestes argentinensis y Macrodon ancylodon, mientras que los delfines marinos predaron sobre Cynoscion guatucupa (especie dominante), Loligo sanpaulensis y Urophycis brasiliensis. Nuestros resultados confirman que la franciscana preda sobre peces juveniles (< 8cm) y pequeños calamares Loliginidae, coincidiendo con resultados previos obtenidos en el sur del Brasil y Uruguay. Las diferencias cualitativas y cuantitativas observadas en la dieta de cada uno de las áreas analizadas, nos sugieren que los futuros estudios sobre ecología trófica de la franciscana deberían discriminarse de acuerdo al origen de los ejemplares y a la tipificación del ambiente.

As ciências sociais e humanas e a formação em Educação Física: possibilidades e limites de um projeto contra-hegemônico

O objetivo deste trabalho é, a partir de um notório conflito epistemológico na formação em Educação Física, propor uma investigação sobre os fundamentos que originaram uma presença hegemônica das ciências naturais e biológicas nas explicações sobre o corpo do homem e, consequentemente, nos currículos dos cursos de formação na área, além de discutir se, por meio de uma maior presença das ciências sociais e humanas nestes processos de formação, é possível pensar em uma formação de caráter omnilateral, crítica, mais humanizada e que faça com o que o professor assim formado entenda e se envolva com os problemas políticos e sociais que envolvem a sociedade de classes. Por intermédio de uma revisão da literatura e uma pesquisa documental, o presente trabalho tem como objetivos específicos desenvolver argumentativamente três debates centrais sobre: a Educação Física e a Formação Humana; as concepções de homem e do campo em disputa; e uma pesquisa documental sobre os Projetos Políticos-Pedagógicos/currículos de cursos de Educação Física das universidades públicas do Grande Rio. No primeiro momento (capítulo 1), desenvolver- se-á um debate sobre a formação humana em perspectiva omnilateral e sobre a questão do poder e da hegemonia na construção do conhecimento. Acompanhando esta discussão, estará uma revisão de literatura relacionada a uma parte da história e a algumas concepções da Educação Física. O segundo debate, desenvolvido no segundo capítulo, debruçar-se-á sobre os conflitos epistemológicos no campo da Educação Física, realizando também uma pesquisa histórica sobre os suportes teóricos e práticas disciplinares que atuam sobre o homem e o corpo moderno, além de uma apresentação de exemplos concretos de sujeitos da Educação Física que compreendem o homem, o corpo e os professores de Educação Física contra hegemonicamente, como perspectiva emancipadora para a formação humana. A título de conclusões, deixa-se claro que o trabalho não pretende esgotar o assunto pela amplitude de seu conteúdo e pretende ampliar a discussão e suscitar outras pesquisas que deem continuidade ao estudo desse tema, além de despertar novas provocações e questões a serem trabalhadas em futuras pesquisas e, principalmente, na prática pedagógica, social e política dos professores de Educação Física

Cryopreservation of sperm of common carp, Cyprinus carpio and silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus for genetically improved seed production

Experiments were conducted to develop and standardize the protocols for cryopreservation of sperm of common carp, Cyprinus carpio and also for using the cryopreserved sperm for fertilization of eggs. Nine extender solutions as Alsever's solution, kurokura-1, kurokura-2, urea egg-yolk, egg-yolk citrate, 0.6% glucose, 0.9% NaCl, Ma and Mb, and five cryoprotectants namely ethanol, methanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylamine (DMA) and glycerol were tested. The cryoprotectants were mixed at 10% concentration of the extenders (v/v) to make the cryodiluents. Milt and cryodiluents were mixed at a ratio of 1:9 for Alsever's solution, kurokura-1, kurokura-2, 0.6% glucose and 0.9% NaCl, 1:4 for urea egg-yolk, egg-yolk citrate, Ma and Mb. Among the cryodiluents Alsever's solution mixed with either ethanol or methanol was found to be suitable and it produced more than 90% and 80% spermatozoan motility at equilibrium and post-thaw periods, respectively. Kurokura-1 and kurokura-2 when mixed with the same cryoprotectants showed good spermatozoan motility at equilibrium period (80-90%) but the motility was reduced (30-55%) at post-thaw state. Other extenders did not produce acceptable sperm-motility and in some cases the frozen milt became clotted. Different dilution ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 1:12, 1:15, 1:20) were formulated for obtaining a suitable milt dilution, the dilution ratio of 1: 9 (milt : cryodiluent) demonstrated the highest post-thaw spermatozoan motility (80%) in Alserver's solution. The optimum concentration of cryoprotectants in the cryodiluents was determined, 10% concentration level was found to be effective to produce the highest number of spermatozoan motility in comparison to the other concentrations (5%, 15%, 20% 30%). Sperm preserved with the cryodiluent Alsever's solution along with either methanol or ethanol was found to be effective to fertilize eggs and produce hatchlings. The hatching rates ranged between 1.48% and 14.76%, compare to control. The fish produced through use of cryopreserved sperm and normal sperm were found to grow well and no significant (P<0.05) growth difference was observed between them. In case of silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus, sperm tested against six extenders such as egg-yolk citrate, urea-egg-yolk, kurokura-1, kurokura-2, 0.9% NaCl and modified fish ringer (MFR) solution. Cryoprotectants used were the same as those of C. carpio. Milt was diluted with the cryodiluent at a ratio of 1:4 for egg-yolk citrate and urea-egg-yolk, 1:5 for kurokura-1 and 1:9 for 0.9% NaCl, MFR and kurokura-2. The cryoprotectant concentration was maintained at 10% of the extender (v/v) in all the cases. Among the extenders, egg-yolk citrate and urea-egg-yolk mixed with 10% DMSO, methanol and ethanol produced 50% post-thaw spermatozoan motility, whereas DMA and glycerol provided only 10% motility. Trials on milt dilution ratio and cryoprotectant concentration are being conducted. Fertilization trials are also underway.

Sperm cryopreservation of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita: cryodiluents, sperm: cryodiluent dilution ratio and cryoprotectan t concentration

Cryogenic preservation trials of spermatozoa of Labeo rohita were carried out. Twenty four cryodiluents (extender + cryoprotectant), with the combination of six extenders such as egg-yolk citrate, urea-egg-yolk, 0.9% NaCl, Kurokura-2, Ma and Mb and four cryoprotectants viz. DMSO, glycerol, methanol and ethanol, were used to screen out the suitable cryodiluents. Sperm was preserved in 0.25ml plastic straw in programmable freezer. Two step freezing method was followed. Sperm preserved with egg-yolk citrate and urea-egg-yolk containing 10% DMSO showed best post-thaw motility (80%) followed by 0.9% NaCl (60%) and Kurokura-2(30%) solutions. Sperm with the extenders M" and Mb clotted at the time of equilibration and also after few days of preservation. Egg-yolk citrate mixed with ethanol and methanol also showed good percentage of motility (80%) but egg-yolk citrate with glycerol showed less sperm motility (>60%). To determine suitable dilution ratio of milt and cryodiluent two best extender eggyolk citrate and urea-egg-yolk with four cryoprotectants such as DMSO, glycerol, methanol and ethanol at different ratio viz 1:2,1:4,1:7,1:10,1:15 and 1:20 were used. Highest post-thaw motility (>80%) was observed when milt was preserved with egg-yolk citrate containing 10% DMSO at 1:2, 1:4, 1:7 and 1:10 dilutions. Meanwhile using glycerol as cryoprotectants provided less post thaw motility at lower dilution ratio but with the increase of its dilution showed good sperm motility compared with other cryoprotectants. Finally, evaluation on the effect of cryoprotectant concentration on post-thaw sperm motility was conducted. Egg-yolk citrate and four cryoprotectant i.e. DMSO, glycerol, methanol and ethanol with six different concentrations namely 5%,7%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%.were evaluated. Among the cryoprotectants DMSO, methanol and ethanol showed highest post-thaw motility (about 80%) at 7% and 10% concentrations. Although glycerol was not suitable at low concentration but its 20% and 30% concentration levels provided best post-thaw motility. No post-thaw motility was obtained with DMSO at 30% concentration. The overall analysis on cryoprotectant concentration indicated that below 5% and above 20% cryoprotectant concentrations could not be suitable for effective cryopreservation of spermatozoa.

Effects of various extenders and permeating cryoprotectants on cryopreservation of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) spermatozoa

The cryoprotective effects of 11 different extenders, TTE, DM, mDM, LG-DM, G-DM, TCG, TEST, TSM, Test-M, Test-H, and LM, on sperm cryopreservation of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) have been compared with glycerol as cryoprotectant. Sperm motility, plasma membrane, and acrosomal integrity were examined to evaluate frozen-thawed sperm function. The results showed that TTE, DM, mDM, LG-DM, G-DM, and TCG exhibited the best and similar protective efficiencies for cynomolgus monkey sperm cryopreservation in terms of sperm motility and plasma membrane integrity (P > .05). The acrosomal integrity for spermatozoa cryopreserved in TCG was statistically lower than that of TTE, DM, mDM, LG-DM, and G-DM (P < .05) but was significantly higher than that of TEST, TSM, Test-M, Test-H, and LM (P < .05). The postthaw sperm motility for 5 other extenders (TEST, TSM, Test-M, Test-H, and LIVI) did not exceed 30%, and the 3 sperm parameters evaluated for them were significantly lower than that of TTE, DM, mDM, LG-DM, G-DM, and TCG (P < .05). On the basis of these findings, 5 commonly used permeating cryoprotectants, glycerol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetamide and propylene glycol have further been tested for their effectiveness on sperm cryopreservation in extenders of TTE, DM, mDM, LG-DM, G-DM, and TCG. The results showed that the sperm cryoprotective efficiencies of glycerol and ethylene glycol were similar and best among 5 permeating cryoprotectant treatments (P > .05). Dimethyl sulfoxide or acetamide resulted in average cryoprotection for cynomolgus monkey spermatozoa: poorer than glycerol or ethylene glycol but better than that of propylene glycol (P < .05). In addition, the action of permeating cryoprotectant appeared to be independent of extenders. The results in the present study demonstrate that 1) TTE, DM, mDM, LG-DM, G-DM, and TCG are excellent extenders and suitable for cynomolgus monkey sperm cryopreservation; 2) the mechanism of action of permeating cryoprotectants are not affected by extender composition; 3) ethylene glycol has a similar cryoprotective efficacy to glycerol that makes it a successful cryoprotectant for sperm cryopreservation in cynomolgus monkeys.

Linear semiconductor optical amplifiers

The chapter reviews properties and applications of linear semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA). Section 12.1 covers SOA basics, including working principles, material systems, structures and their growth. Booster or inline amplifiers as well as low-noise preamplifiers are classified. Section 12.2 discusses the influence of parameters like gain, noise figure, gain saturation, gain and phase dynamics, and alpha-factor. In Sect. 12.3, the application of a linear SOA as a reach extender in future access networks is addressed. The input power dynamic range is introduced, and measurements for on-off keying and phase shift keying signals are shown. Section 12.4 presents the state of the art for commercially available SOA and includes a treatment of reflective SOAs (RSOA) as well. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Stress Resistance and Disease Resistance in Seaweeds:The Role of Reactive Oxygen Metabolism

It has become clear that the last 15-20 years that the immediate effect of a wide range of environmental stresses,and of infection,on vascular plants is to increase the information of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and to impose oxidative stress on the cells.Since 1994,sufficient examples similar responses in a broad range of marine macroalgae have been decribed to show that reactive oxygen metabolism also underlies the mechanisms by which seaweeds respond(and become resistant) to stress and infection.Desiccation,freezing,low temperatures,high light,ultraviolet radiation,and heavy metals all tend to result in a gradual and continued buildup of ROS because photosynthesis is inhibited and excess energy results in the formation of singlet oxygen.The response to other stresses (infection or oligosaccharides which signal that infection is occurring,mechanical stress,hyperosmotic shock) is quite different-a more rapid and intence,but short-lived production of ROS ,discribed as an "oxidative burst"-which is attributed to activation of NADPHoxidases in the plasma membrane.Seaweed species that are able to survive such stresses or resist infection have the capacity to remove the ROS through a high cellular content of antioxidant compounds,or a high activity of antioxidant enzymes.

Shape memory effect of poly(L-lactide)-based polyurethanes with different hard segments

A series of biodegradable polylactide-based polyurethanes (PLAUs) were synthesized using PLA diol (M-n = 3200) as soft segment, 4,4 '-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as hard segment, and 1,4-butanediol as chain extender. The structures and properties of these PLAUs were studied using infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and thermomechanical analysis. Among them, the MDI-based PLAU has the highest T-g, maximum tensile strength, and restoration force, the TDI-based PLAU has the lowest T-g, and the IPDI-based PLAU has the highest tensile modulus and elongation at break. They are all amorphous. The shape recovery of the three PLAUs is almost complete in a tensile elongation of 150% or a twofold compression. They can keep their temporary shape easily at room temperature (20 degrees C). More importantly, they can deform and recover at a temperature below their T-g values. Therefore, by selecting the appropriate hard segment and adjusting the ratio of hard to soft segments, they can meet different practical demands for shape memory medical devices.

Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole-polyurethane cationomer composites

Poly(ether urethane) cationomers based on poly(oxytetramethylene), 4,4'-bibenzyldiisocyanate, N-methyldiethanolamine as chain extender, and acrylic acid/poly(acrylic acid) as quaternization agent were synthesized. Pyrrole (15 wt.-%) was polymerized in films of the ionomer containing CuCl2. The films were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The electric conductivity of the film without polypyrrole is 7.5 . 10(-12) Omega(-1)cm(-1), while incorporation of polypyrrole increases the conductivity to 4.5 . 10(-6) Omega(-1) cm(-1).

An efficient methodology for cryopreservation of spermatozoa of red seabream, Pagrus major, with 2-mL cryovials

The aim of this study was to optimize the cryopreservation protocols for the sperm of red seabream, Pagrus major. The 2-mL cryovials and programmable freezer were employed for cryopreservation. Six extenders, six cryoprotectants in various concentrations ranging from 6 to 20% (v/v), four cooling rates, and three thawing temperatures were evaluated by postthaw sperm motility and fertility. The ratio of sperm to egg for postthaw sperm fertilization trials was experimentally standardized and was optimal at 500:1. The best motility of postthaw sperm (79.4 +/- 4.7% to 88.6 +/- 8.0%), fertilization rates (89.6 +/- 2.9 to 95.6 +/- 1.9%), and hatching rates (85.3 +/- 5.1% to 91.4 +/- 4.3%) were achieved when Cortland extender, dimethyl sulfoxide (15, 18, and 20%) or ethylene glycol (9, 12%) as cryoprotectants, 20 C/min as the cooling rate, and 40 C as the thawing temperature were employed. Moreover, the results on embryonic development were not significantly different between cryopreserved sperm and fresh sperm during incubation process. In conclusion, these methods of cryopreservation of red seabream sperm are suitable for routine aquaculture application and preservation of genetic resources.

Modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para la evaluación de la calidad de una vacuna bovina

Los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales fueron introducidos en el contexto de la genética y la econometría y han sido extensamente empleados en las ciencias sociales. Sin embargo han sido poco empleados en el área de salud animal. En este trabajo se propone la construcción de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para la validación de un sistema de evaluación de la calidad de una vacuna contra la Rinotraqueítis infecciosa bovina. La dificultad para encontrar rodeos de bovinos seronegativos libres del virus BoHV-1 plantea la necesidad de desarrollar pruebas estandarizadas y armonizadas en animales de laboratorio que permitan definir la consistencia de lote a lote de la potencia de la vacuna, de un modo rápido y menos costoso para asegurar la presencia de productos confiables en el mercado. En este sentido, es de interés verificar la concordancia de la respuesta serológica en el animal de laboratorio con la protección a la enfermedad y a la infección en bovinos. Este sistema involucra variables latentes y relaciones complejas entre variables. El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales demostró ser una técnica útil para la validación de un modelo que emplea mediciones serológicas. en animales de laboratorio como alternativa a las pruebas clásicas de desafío en bovinos para la evaluación de la efectividad de las vacunas empleadas en el control y prevención de la enfermedad causada por un herpesvirus. En este trabajo se pudo comprobar que las variables que representaban los conceptos de interés - protección a la infección, protección a la enfermedad y calidad determinada por el modelo animal en el laboratorio (medición alternativa de la efectividad de la vacuna) explicaron adecuadamente la variabilidad de las variables observables. Se destacaron las variables área bajo las curvas de excreción y área bajo la curva de severidad para representar las variables protección a la infección y protección a la enfermedad, respectivamente, y las variables serológicas medidas por ELISA en bovinos y cobayos representando la calidad por laboratorio. Por otra parte, el modelo permitió la incorporación de correlación de errores de las variables serológicas, que hubiese sido imposible con otras técnicas multivariadas. Asimismo, la técnica de análisis permitió explorar por partes las relaciones entre variables para detectar la fuente de falta de ajuste. Se pudo comprobar el buen ajuste de las relaciones de las variables latentes protección a la infección y calidad por laboratorio, obteniéndose una alta correlación entre ambos conceptos. Teniendo en cuenta la alta fiabilidad de las variables serológicas medidas por ELISA tanto en bovinos como en cobayos, se puede inferir que la medición de estas variables de laboratorio puede ser útil en la predicción de la protección de la vacuna. El efecto de la protección a la infección sobre la protección a la enfermedad fue significativo pero débil. La parte estructural del modelo presentó un ajuste adecuado, validando así la teoría inicial de interrelaciones entre las variables latentes. Se plantea la posibilidad de extender los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para la evaluación de vacunas que involucran otros virus que afectan el ganado bovino.