Natural history of the bird-voiced treefrog (Hyla avivoca) and green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) in southern Illinois /

"September 1999."

Frankliniella : redefinition of genus and revision of minuta group species : Thysanoptera: thripidae /

Issued Oct. 1979.

De Hyla : pars I.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universitas Litterarum Viadrina.

Interindividual Differences in Leg Muscle Mass and Pyruvate Kinase Activity Correlate with Interindividual Differences in Jumping Performance of Hyla multilineata

Frog jumping is an excellent model system for examining the structural basis of interindividual variation in burst locomotor performance. Some possible factors that affect jump performance, such as total body size, hindlimb length, muscle mass, and muscle mechanical and biochemical properties, were analysed at the interindividual (intraspecies) level in the tree frog Hyla multilineata. The aim of this study was to determine which of these physiological and anatomical variables both vary between individuals and are correlated with interindividual variation in jump performance. The model produced via stepwise linear regression analysis of absolute data suggested that 62% of the interindividual variation in maximum jump distance could be explained by a combination of interindividual variation in absolute plantaris muscle mass, total hindlimb muscle mass ( excluding plantaris muscle), and pyruvate kinase activity. When body length effects were removed, multiple regression indicated that the same independent variables explained 43% of the residual interindividual variation in jump distance. This suggests that individuals with relatively large jumping muscles and high pyruvate kinase activity for their body size achieved comparatively large maximal jump distances for their body size.

Larvicidal, pupicidal and insecticidal activities of Cosmos bipinnatus , Foeniculum vulgare and Tagetes minuta against Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes

Purpose: To evaluate the larvicidal, pupicidal and insecticidal activities of Cosmos bipinnatus , Foeniculum vulgare and Tagetes minuta against Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Methods: The leaves of the plants were extracted with distilled water, ethanol (95 %), and hexane and the extracts screened for their phytochemical profile. While larvicidal and pupicidal activities were assayed at concentrations ranging from 0.1 - 10 mg/mL, insecticidal property was tested at varying amounts (0.25 - 2 g) of the plant sample. The respective larval mortality was thereafter evaluated using Probit analysis. Results: Saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and steroids were detected in the plant extracts. The ethanol extracts of F. vulgare, T. minuta and C. bipinnatus exhibited larvicidal activity half-maximal lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.10, 1.17 and 1.18 mg/mL, followed by hexane extracts with LC50 value of 1.03, 1.01 and 1.27 mg/mL, respectively, against the larvae of C. quinquefasciatus mosquito. Hexane extracts displayed pupicidal activity with LC50 of 1.07, 1.12 and 1.16 mg/mL against F. vulgare, T. minuta and C. bipinnatus, respectively, while the ethanol extracts of T. minuta, C. bipinnatus and F. vulgare displayed pupicidal activity at LC50 of 1.11, 1.14 and 1.31 mg/mL respectively, against pupa of C. quinquefasciatus mosquito. The aqueous extracts had no (p > 0.05) lethal effects on both larvae and pupa of C. quinquefasciatus at all evaluated concentrations. F. vulgare had the highest (p < 0.05) half-maximal knock-down effect (KD50 = 7.52 min-1), followed by T. minuta (KD50 = 8.64 min-1) on adult C. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes after 6 h of exposure. F. vulgare and T. minuta killed all evaluated mosquito adults within 12 h with LD99 = 0.25 g/air, while the leaves of C. bipinnatus had no (p > 0.05) knock-down or lethal effects on the adult mosquito. Conclusion: C. bipinnatus, F. vulgare and T. minuta possess larvicidal and pupicidal properties against C. quinquefasciatus, whereas only F. vulgare and T. minuta displayed insecticidal properties. Consequent upon these findings, all the plants can be considered naturally potent larvicidal and pupicidal agents against C. quinquefasciatus.

MINUTA de portaria registro de agentes microbianos de controle de organismos nocivos: proposta final.

1995

Influência de extratos de folhas de Tagetes minuta e Vernonia polyanthes no crescimento micelial de Colletrotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea e Trichoderma sp.

Foram avaliados os efeitos dos extratos clorofórmico de folhas de T. minuta e hexânico de folhas de V. polyanthes, na concentração de 1% em BDA, incorporados ao meio antes e após a autoclavagem sobre o crescimento micelial de C. gloesporioides, B. cinera, e Trichoderma sp., inoculados sob condições ambientais em temperatura de aproximadamente 26 .C. O extrato de V. polyanthes, incorporado antes e após a autoclavagem inibiu o crescimento micelial de C. gloesporioides em 36,3 e 54,3% e de B. cinerea em 23,3 e 38,5%, respectivamente. O extrato de T. minuta inibiu em 38,0 e 48,0% o crescimento micelial de C. gloesporioides e 18,3 e 14,7% o de B. cinerea, respectivamente. Os extratos na concentração estudada não inibiram o crescimento micelial de Trichoderma sp.

Efeito de extratos de Vernonia condensata e Tagetes minuta sobre a germinação de uredosporos de Hemileia vastatrix.

Os efeitos dos extratos clorofórmico de folhas de tagetes minuta e etanólico de folhas de Vernonia condensata foram avaliados sobre a germinação de uredosporos de hemileia vastatrix. Gotas das suspensões dos extratos foram colocadas sobre laminas de vidro, sendo a seguir adicionada determinada quantidade de uredosporos de Hemileia vastatrix. Após 6 horas de incubação com umidade relativa de aproximadamente 100% e escuro, foi efetuada a avaliação através de contagem de uredosporos germinados. Para as concentrações de 1, 10, 100, 1000 e 10000 ppm de extrato de V. condensata as porcentagens de inibição dos uredosporos de H. vastatrix foram de 24, 40, 63, 71 e 96%, respectivamente. Para o extrato de T. minuta foram de 21, 71, 86, 91 e 96%, respectivamente.

Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 August 2010-30 September 2010

This article documents the addition of 229 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acacia auriculiformis x Acacia mangium hybrid, Alabama argillacea, Anoplopoma fimbria, Aplochiton zebra, Brevicoryne brassicae, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Bucorvus leadbeateri, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium giganteum, Echinogammarus berilloni, Epimedium sagittatum, Fraxinus excelsior, Labeo chrysophekadion, Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi, Paratrechina longicornis, Phaeocystis antarctica, Pinus roxburghii and Potamilus capax. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Acacia peregrinalis, Acacia crassicarpa, Bruguiera cylindrica, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium macrocephalum, Dictyostelium discoideum, Dictyostelium purpureum, Dictyostelium mucoroides, Dictyostelium rosarium, Polysphondylium pallidum, Epimedium brevicornum, Epimedium koreanum, Epimedium pubescens, Epimedium wushanese and Fraxinus angustifolia.

On the systematic position of some Asian enigmatic genera of Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae)

The phylogenetic structure of Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) has been elucidated at the tribal and subtribal levels in the last two decades. However, to date, the systematic positions of seven Asian genera, Cosmostigma, Graphistemma, Holostemma, Pentasachme, Raphistemma, Seshagiria and Treutlera, have not been investigated. In this study, we examine the evolutionary relationships among these seven small enigmatic Asian genera and clarify their positions in Asclepiadoideae, using a combination of plastid sequences of rbcL, rps16, trnL and trnL- F regions. Cosmostigma and Treutlera are resolved as members of the non-Hoya clade of Marsdenieae with strong support (maximum parsimony bootstrap support value BSMP = 96, maximum likelihood bootstrap support value BSML = 98, Bayesian-inferred posterior probability PP = 1.0). Pentasachme is resolved as sister of Stapeliinae to Ceropegieae with moderate support (BSMP = 64, BSML = 66, PP = 0.94). Graphistemma, Holostemma, Raphistemma and Seshagiria are all nested in the Asclepiadeae-Cynanchinae clade (BSMP = 97, BSML = 100, PP = 1.0). The study confirms the generally accepted tribal and subtribal structure of the subfamily. One exception is Eustegia minuta, which is placed here as sister to all Asclepiadeae (BSMP = 58, BSML = 76, PP = 0.99) and not as sister to the Marsdenieae + Ceropegieae clade. The weak support and conflicting position indicate the need for a placement of Eustegia as an independent tribe. In Asclepiadeae, a sister group position of Cynanchinae to the Asclepiadinae + Tylophorinae clade is favoured (BSMP = 84, BSML = 88, PP = 1.0), whereas Schizostephanus is retrieved as unresolved. Oxystelma appears as an early-branching member of Asclepiadinae with weak support (BSMP = 52, BSML = 74, PP = 0.69). Calciphila and Solenostemma are also associated with Asclepiadinae with weak support (BSMP = 37, BSML = 45, PP = 0.79), but all alternative positions are essentially without support. The position of Indian Asclepiadoideae in the family phylogeny is discussed. (c) 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 174, 601-619.

Proposta de resolução do Conama com diretrizes gerais para o licenciamento ambiental : análise crítica

Analisa o conteúdo da minuta de resolução do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (Conama) submetida à consulta pública na Internet entre 04/02/2016 e 14/02/2016. Serão apresentados na seção 1, uma análise geral de como a proposta se insere na legislação ambiental brasileira e qual é a lógica que a norteia; na seção 2, comentários sobre os dispositivos da proposta que, na visão das autoras desta nota, são polêmicos ou necessitam de aperfeiçoamento; e, na seção 3, um quadro que analisa a lista de empreendimentos sujeitos a licenciamento ambiental segundo a legislação atualmente em vigor e segundo a minuta objeto de consulta.

Flowering in British Lemna: A rare, cyclic or simply overlooked phenomenon?

It is largely presumed that reproduction in British Lemna, as in other British Lemnaceae, is almost entirely asexual, with new daughter fronds being produced from the side pouches of older mother fronds. Sexual reproduction is considered to be a rather rare event or even absent and because of this rarity the sexual features of Lemna, such as anthers and fruit, are often considered to be of little taxonomic value. It was with some surprise, therefore, that widespread flowering was observed in all British Lemna during the summer of 1995. Initial observations in Shropshire during June recorded flowers in minor and trisulca, with fruit production in trisulca. L.gibba, minor and minuta were noted as being in flower on several occasions in Kent, during July and August, probably fruit production occurring in both species. To what extent these events are truly representative of the sexual reproduction rate of British Lemna on a year-to-year basis, or simply reflect the unusually high summer temperatures of 1995, is unclear.

Creation of temporary ponds for amphibians in northern and central Europe

More than 4000 ponds have been created or restored in Denmark since 1985 as part of a large-scale pond-digging programme to protect endangered amphibians in particular and pond flora and fauna in general. Most ponds are created on private land with public financing. The programme was triggered by, among other factors, a drastic decline in amphibian populations in Denmark between 1940 and 1980. However, in recent years there has been an increased awareness in Denmark that temporary ponds are important for the conservation of some of the most rare amphibian species, such as fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina, natterjack toad Bufo calamita and green toad Bufo viridis. Other rare species such as moor frog Rana arvalis and European tree frog Hyla arborea also benefit from temporary ponds. The last 15 years of work on the conservation of endangered species and their habitats has resulted in a last-minute rescue and a subsequent growth in the size of most Danish populations of fire-bellied toad and green toad; some populations of the relatively more common natterjack toad have also increased. The creation of temporary ponds plays an important role in the success of these three species. The creation of ponds to help restore viable populations of the most rare amphibians has not been easy. To study the conditions that may need to be created, Danish herpetologists searched for areas with temporary ponds that had good water quality, natural hydrological conditions and a management regime influenced by traditional agricultural methods. The paper gives an overview of pond creation and restoration projects in Denmark and Poland and their significance for amphibian diversity.

稻属的分子系统学研究

稻属（Oryza L）属于禾本科的稻族，主要分布于世界的热带和亚热带地区。一般认为稻属包括20个左右的野生种和2个栽培种，我国有4-5种。迄今为止，对于稻属中种的数目和划分;稻属中所包括的种类是否为一单系类群;各基因组之闻的关系和起源以及稻属的起源等等，学术界仍然存有争议。本文评述了稻属分子系统学研究的进展，研究中存在的问题以及对未来稻属系统学研究的展望。针对稻属的分子系统学研究中所存在的问题，运用核糖体DNA转录间隔区序列测定、随机扩增多态性DNA（RAD）和SSR-anchoredPCR等分子生物学的手段对稻属中全部23个种的来自中国和世界不同地区的材料开展了分子系统学的研究。所得主要结果如下： 1．对产于中国的三种野生稻和栽培稻的二个亚种的核糖体DNA第一转录间隔区进行了序列测定。 DNA序列分别用PAUP程序进行分支分析和用MEGA程序中的UPGMA和Neighbor-joining进行聚类分析，结果表明核糖体DNA转录间隔区序列适合于进行稻属的分子系统学研究。 2．用荧光自动测序法和人工同位素测序法测定了稻属23个种和4个外类群的转录间隔区的序列。所有的DNA序列用Clustal V程序排阵后，再用PAUP程序进行分支分析。结果表明： A．稻属中的23个种组成四个主要分支，分别相当于Vaughan(1989)的四个种复合体。 B．所有AA基因组的种都在一个分支中。除了O.meridionalis与其它种的关系相对较远外，AA基因组种间有一定程度的分化，但不大。 C．尽管BB、BBCC、CC、CCDD和EE基因组的种都在一个分支中，但它们之间的分化是较为明显的。O.australiensis与该分支中的其它种的关系相对较远。以上两个分支的关系较为密切，它们组成一个自然类群，是稻属的核心部分。 D．O.ridleyi与O.longiglumis非常近缘，它们组成一个分支。 E．O.meyeriana与O．granulata有非常密切的关系。O.brachyantha与O.meyeriana近缘，而与AA基因组的关系较远。O,schlechter/与Leersia hexandra近缘，而与稻属中其它种的关系较远。作为外类群的Porteresia coarctata与稻属的a brachyantha非常近缘，这有可能说明将它作稻属中的一员的观点是正确的。 3．用RAPD和ISSR技术对稻属23介种的36份材料以及Porteresia coar ctata和Leersia hexandra各1份材料进行PCR扩增。16个10-mer RAPD随机引物共扩增出368个多态条带，5个锚定SSR引物共扩增出1 16个多态条带。RAPD和ISSR扩增出的多态条带合在同一数据矩阵中，用NTSYS-pc程序进行聚类分析。得出的结果与ITS序列分支分析的结果相似。 A.从表征图上亦可区分出四个群。所有的AA基因组的种聚在一起，O.nivara与O.rufipogon的关系密切，两个种的界限不清楚，所以认为它们是一个种：O.rufipogon.。 B.分布于中国的O.officinalis与O.minuta非常近缘，而菲律宾的四倍体O.officinalis则与同是基因组的O.eichingeri和O.rhizomatis关系密切。EE基因组的O.australiensis与Officinalis群保持一种松散的联系。 C。具FF基因组的O.brachyantha与O.schlechteri近缘，它们与Porteresiacoarctata和Leersia hexandra关系的密切程度要大于它们与稻属其它种的关系。 D。最后讨论了RAPD和ISSR用予植物属内的系统发育研究存在的问题。本研究结果说明RAPD和ISSR适合于进行属内近缘种亲缘关系的研究。

稻属Oryza officinalis复合体基因组研究－兼论基因组原位杂交的原理和方法

稻属（Oryza L.）属于禾本科稻族（Oryzeae Dumortier）。本属包括AA，BB，BBCC，CC，CCDD，EE，FF，GG，HHJJ和HHKK十个基因组，二十余种。其中Oryza officinalis复合体包括BB，BBCC，CC，CCDD和EE五个基因组，九个种。众多的学者对该复合体进行了广泛深入的研究，为后续研究奠定了坚实的基础。然而，迄今为止，多倍体物种形成问题许多没有解决，基因组间的关系尚未完全阐明，甚至有些多倍体物种的基因组组成仍未确认。 本文评述了Oryza officinalis复合体中基因组研究的历史和现状，用基因组原位杂位（GISH）的方法，对该复合体四倍体物种的基因组组成作了验证;对B，C，D和E四个基因组间的关系进行了研究。同时对基因组原位杂交的方法，原位杂交鉴定多倍体基因组的组成以及研究基因组间关系的方法作了一些探讨。其主要研究结果如下： 一. 原杂交方法的研究：1）染色体制片：比较研究了不同的制片方法，发现压片法适用于大染色体的材料;将酶解/空气干燥法（Fukui et al., 1992）加以改进后，特别适宜于小染色体植物材料的制片。2）根尖储存时间和条件对原位杂交的影响：发现在-20 ℃的酒精（70%）中储存8个月以内的根尖材料，可用于原位杂交;而在-20 ℃的固定液中储藏18个月的根尖，DNA降解严重，不能用于GISH。3）探针标记：比较了随机引物法、缺口平移法和两步标记法（先用随机引物标记后，再用缺口平移法进行标记的方法）的优缺点。结果显示两步标记法是最佳标记方法。 二. GISH鉴定异源多倍体的方法：用两个异源四倍体Oryza minuta和Scilla sinensis (2n = 34)做染色体制片，进行原位杂交实验，结果表明：1）用二倍体亲本基因组之一做探针而不用封阻DNA， 可以鉴别Oryza minuta而不能鉴别Scilla sinensis中的基因组。2）用一个二倍体亲本做探针而用另一个做封阻，能够区分Scilla sinensis的两个基因组;但过量的封阻DNA将可以造成一些实验假象。3）同时用两个亲本的DNA做探针，不仅能够有效分辨不同的基因组，还能够根据交叉杂交程度推测基因组间的分化程度，是鉴别异源多倍体最有效的方法。 三. GISH鉴定稻属四倍体的基因组组成：1）Oryza minuta, O. punctata和O. malampuzhaensis的基因组的组成都为BBCC。2）Oryza minuta中B基因组和二倍体O. punctata中的B基因组之间存在着明显的基因组内分化。3）O. alta是一个异源多倍体，其基因组组成为CCDD。但C和D之间的分化不彻底，可以认为它不是一个严格意义上的异源多倍体。 四. GISH研究B，C，D和E基因组间的关系：1）B基因组和C基因组之间的关系最远;E和C之间的分化同E和B之间的分化程度接近，但E和C之间的分化比E和D之间的分化要小一些;C和D之间的分化不彻底，关系最近。