A aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP): uma aplicação na disciplina “Gestão empresarial” do curso de Engenharia Civil

A metodologia da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP), diferentemente dos métodos de ensino convencionais, é uma metodologia que usa problemas para diminuir a lacuna entre a teoria e a prática no processo de aprendizagem. Além de favorecer a construção de conhecimentos, se propõe a contribuir para o desenvolvimento de algumas capacidades profissionais não técnicas, consideradas importantes para a prática do engenheiro em uma sociedade em constantes e rápidas transformações. Este trabalho, uma pesquisa-ação, buscou vivenciar e analisar a eficiência do método durante sua aplicação na disciplina “Gestão Empresarial”, ministrada a alunos do penúltimo e último semestre do Curso de Graduação em Engenharia Civil. Os dados para a análise foram coletados por meio de observação participante do professor/tutor da disciplina e de relatórios de avaliação, nos quais os alunos opinavam sobre a ABP, suas vantagens e desvantagens e seu potencial para atingir os objetivos propostos. Nos três estudos de caso realizados, apesar de aplicados em turmas diferentes, evidenciam-se através dos relatórios apresentados pelos alunos e de avaliações feitas durante todo o processo, a ocorrência tanto da aprendizagem dos conhecimentos quanto o desenvolvimento de algumas habilidades e atitudes objetivadas pela disciplina, tais como: capacidade de pesquisa, desenvolvimento de espírito empreendedor e busca de conhecimentos inovadores. De forma geral, os alunos reagiram positivamente à ABP, o que sugere sua possível utilização nos contextos estudados. A metodologia também demonstrou ser um instrumento interessante de desenvolvimento profissional para o professor/tutor, no que concerne ao aprimoramento docente.

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 856 - Antwortschreiben auf die Beleidigung Schopenhauers

u.a. Abklingen der Cholera in Berlin;

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 784 - Bestätigung über den Erhalt des Pachtvertrages

u.a. Angaben zum Immobilienmarkt in Danzig; Reise nach Italien; Pachtverkauf;

Fragm. lat. VII 60 - Doctrinale (V.790-856, 1119-1131, 1149-1167), mit Rand- und Interlinearglossen (lateinisch und niederdeutsch)

Trägerband: Inc. qu. 873; Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Mus Hs 784 - Conzertino für das Second-Horn mit Begleitung: 1nes Fagott's, 2er Clarinetten in A, 1ner Floete, 2er Violinen, Viola, Violoncello und Basso

Karl Oestreich

Solar radiation over and under sea ice and photographic quantification of Ice algal aggregates during the POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXVII/3 (IceArc) in summer 2012

The ice cover of the Arctic Ocean has been changing dramatically in the last decades and the consequences for the sea-ice associated ecosystem remain difficult to assess. Algal aggregates underneath sea ice have been described sporadically but the frequency and distribution of their occurrence is not well quantified. We used upward looking images obtained by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to derive estimates of ice algal aggregate biomass and to investigate their spatial distribution. During the IceArc expedition (ARK-XXVII/3) of RV Polarstern in late summer 2012, different types of algal aggregates were observed floating underneath various ice types in the Central Arctic basins. Our results show that the floe scale distribution of algal aggregates in late summer is very patchy and determined by the topography of the ice underside, with aggregates collecting in dome shaped structures and at the edges of pressure ridges. The buoyancy of the aggregates was also evident from analysis of the aggregate size distribution. Different approaches used to estimate aggregate biomass yield a wide range of results. This highlights that special care must be taken when upscaling observations and comparing results from surveys conducted using different methods or on different spatial scales.

Solar irradiance over and under seasonal land-fast sea ice off Barrow, Alaska, in 2010

The amount of solar radiation transmitted through Arctic sea ice is determined by the thickness and physical properties of snow and sea ice. Light transmittance is highly variable in space and time since thickness and physical properties of snow and sea ice are highly heterogeneous on variable time and length scales. We present field measurements of under-ice irradiance along transects under undeformed land-fast sea ice at Barrow, Alaska (March, May, and June 2010). The measurements were performed with a spectral radiometer mounted on a floating under-ice sled. The objective was to quantify the spatial variability of light transmittance through snow and sea ice, and to compare this variability along its seasonal evolution. Along with optical measurements, snow depth, sea ice thickness, and freeboard were recorded, and ice cores were analyzed for chlorophyll a and particulate matter. Our results show that snow cover variability prior to onset of snow melt causes as much relative spatial variability of light transmittance as the contrast of ponded and white ice during summer. Both before and after melt onset, measured transmittances fell in a range from one third to three times the mean value. In addition, we found a twentyfold increase of light transmittance as a result of partial snowmelt, showing the seasonal evolution of transmittance through sea ice far exceeds the spatial variability. However, prior melt onset, light transmittance was time invariant and differences in under-ice irradiance were directly related to the spatial variability of the snow cover.

Kohler E. y M. Klinkowski. Viruskrankheiten, publicado como el volumen 2, parte 1º del Handbuch Der Pflanzenkrankheiten de P. Sorauer, 784 pág. 326 fgs. Edit. por Paul Parey, Berlín. 1954

Fil: Pontis, Rafael E..