905 resultados para Historic conscience. Country of Mossoró . Memory. Spatiality.
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This article contributes to the study of cinema audiences in Europe by analyzing theactual behavior of Spanish moviegoers and their level of satisfaction. We modeledmoviegoers choice of film by country of origin (U.S.A., Spain, and other countries)according to a set of determinants: (1) consumers interpretation of several sources of information, (2) motivations and (3) choice rules. We found three clear consumerstereotypes related to each type of film: (1) U.S.A. films were preferred by almost everyone (especially families and younger audiences); (2) Spanish films had audiences composed of middle-age and middle-class moviegoers; and (3) European productions were preferred by a social or intellectual elite. U.S.A. films dominate the Spanish market for the reason that they provide most of what moviegoers prefer, namely, familiar, reliable entertainment in Spanish; three characteristics that are not satisfied by Spanish and European films. Additionally, we discuss the implications for the European cultural policy
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Companies operating in todays highly internationalized markets consider product differentiation the key priority in pursue to attain a constant competitive advantage in challenging global environment (Baker and Ballington 2002, 158). The main driver affecting companies differentiation actions was described as early as 1912 by one of the marketing pioneers A. W. Shaw (1912, 710) as meeting human wants more accurate than the competition, and thus increasing customers perceived value and satisfaction. Dickson and Ginter (1987, 2) point out in their study based on earlier research by Chamberlin (1965) and Porter (1976) that differentiation can be based on either tangible characteristics of a product such as design or intangible characteristics such as a brand name and country of origin (hereafter referred to as COO). The concept of COO and its impact on consumers evaluation of a product as an extrinsic product cue has been one of the most noteworthy topics in international marketing, having been voluminously examined by over 780 authors in more than 750 academic publications in the past 40 years (Papadopoulos and Heslop 2002, 294). Many of these studies accentuate the significant effect the COO has on consumers product attribute evaluations. People routinely associate country images with products and services in order to judge and categorize them based on perceived quality and risk levels; thereby COO can influence the likelihood of a purchase (Peterson and Jolibert 1995, 883-884; Verlegh and Steenkamp 1999, 523). Based on the vast research related to COO in the field of international business, it is widely recognized that the country associated with a product can act in a similar way as the name of a brand and even become a part of products total image. Thereby depending on customers values and perceptions, the product-country image can either increase or decrease perceived value.
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Choosing the right supplier is crucial for long-term business prospects and profitability. Thus organizational buyers are naturally very interested in how they can select the right supplier for their needs. Likewise, suppliers are interested in knowing how their customers make purchasing decisions in order to effectively sell and market to them. From the point of view of the textile and clothing (T&C) industry, regulatory changes and increasing low-cost and globalization pressures have led to the rise of low-cost production locations India and China as the worlds largest T&C producers. This thesis will examine T&C trade between Finland and India specifically in the context of non-industrial T&C products. Its main research problem asks: what perceptions do Finnish T&C industry buyers hold of India and Indian suppliers? B2B buyers use various supplier selection models and criteria in making their purchase decisions. A significant amount of research has been done into supplier selection practices, and in the context of international trade, country of origin (COO) perceptions specifically have garnered much attention. This thesis uses a mixed methods approach (online questionnaire and in-depth interviews) to evaluate Finnish T&C buyers supplier selection criteria, COO perceptions of India and experiences of Indian suppliers. It was found that the most important supplier selection criteria used by Finnish T&C buyers are quality, reliability and cost. COO perceptions were not found to be influential in purchasing process. Indian T&C suppliers strengths were found to be low cost, flexibility and a history of traditional T&C expertise. Their weaknesses include product quality and unreliable delivery times. Overall, the main challenges that need to be overcome by Indian T&C companies are logistical difficulties and the cost vs. quality trade-off. Despite positive perceptions of India for cost, the overall value offered by Indian T&C products was perceived to be low due to poor quality. Unreliable delivery time experiences also affected buyers reliability perceptions of Indian suppliers. The main limiting factors of this thesis relate to the small sample size used in the research. This limits the generalizability of results and the ability to evaluate the reliability and validity of some of the research instruments.
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Several studies have documented that emotional arousal may enhance long-term memory. This is an adaptation of a paradigm previously used in North American and European samples in investigations of the influence of emotion on long-term retention. A sample of 46 healthy adults of high and low educational levels watched a slide presentation of stories. A randomly assigned group watched a story with an arousing content and another group watched a neutral story. The stories were matched for structure and comprehensibility and the set and order of the 11 slides were the same in both conditions. Immediately after viewing the slide presentation, the participants were asked to rate the emotionality of the narrative. The arousing narrative was rated as being more emotional than the neutral narrative (t (44) = -3.6, P<0.001). Ten days later subjects were asked to remember the story and answer a multiple-choice questionnaire about it. The subjects who watched the arousing story had higher scores in the free recall measure (t (44) = -2.59, P<0.01). There were no differences between groups in the multiple-choice test of recognition memory (t (44) = 0.26). These findings confirm that an emotional arousing content enhances long-term declarative memory and indicate the possibility of applying this instrument to clinical samples of various cultural backgrounds.
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Shape memory alloys (SMA) are materials that have the ability to return to a former shape when subjected to an appropriate thermomechanical procedure. Pseudoelastic and shape memory effects are some of the behaviors presented by these alloys. The unique properties concerning these alloys have encouraged many investigators to look for applications of SMA in different fields of human knowledge. The purpose of this review article is to present a brief discussion of the thermomechanical behavior of SMA and to describe their most promising applications in the biomedical area. These include cardiovascular and orthopedic uses, and surgical instruments.
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There is much evidence to support an age-related decline in source memory ability. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this decline are not well understood. The current study was carried out to determine the electrophysiological correlates of source memory discrimination in younger and older adults. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) data were collected from younger (M= 21 years) and older (M= 71 years) adults during a source memory task. Older adults were more likely to make source memory errors for recently repeated, non-target words than were younger adults. Moreover, their ERP records for correct trials showed an increased amplitude in the late positive (LP) component (400-800 msec) for the most recently presented, non-target stimuli relative to the LP noted for target items. Younger adults showed an opposite pattern, with a large LP component for target items, and a much smaller LP component for the recently repeated non-target items. Computation of parasympathetic activity in the vagus nerve was performed on the ECG data (Porges, 1985). The resulting measure, vagal tone, was used as an index of physiological responsivity. The vagal tone index of physiological responsivity was negatively related to the LP amplitude for the most recently repeated, non-target words in both groups, after accounting for age effects. The ERP data support the hypothesis that the tendency to make source memory errors on the part of older adults is related to the ability to selectively control attentional processes during task performance. Furthermore, the relationship between vagal tone and ERP reactivity suggests that there is a physiological basis to the heightened reactivity measured in the LP response to recently repeated non-target items such that, under decreased physiological resources, there is an impairment in the ability to selectively inhibit bottom-up, stimulus based properties in favour of task-related goals in older adults. The inconsistency of these results with other explanatory models of source memory deficits is discussed. It is concluded that the data are consistent with a physiological reactivity model requiring inhibition of reactivity to irrelevant, but perceptually-fluent, stimuli.
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Nanoporous materials with large surface area and well-ordered pore structure have been synthesized. Thiol groups were grafted on the materials' surface to make heavy metal ion pre-concentration media. The adsorption properties ofthe materials were explored. Mercury, gold and silver can be strongly adsorbed by these materials, even in the presence of alkaline earth metal ion. Though the materials can adsorb other heavy metal ions such as lead and copper, they show differential adsorption ability when several ions are present in solution. The adsorption sequence is: mercury> == silver> copper lead and cadmium. In the second part of this work, the memory effects of mercury, gold, silver and boron were investigated. The addition of 2% L-cysteine and 1% thiourea eliminates the problems of the three metal ions completely. The wash-out time for mercury dropped from more than 20 minutes to 18 seconds, and the wash-out time for gold decreased from more than 30 minutes to 49 seconds. The memory effect of boron can be reduced by the use of mannitol.
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This qualitative study explores Thomas Green's (1999) treatise, Voices: The Educational Formation of Conscience; for the purpose of reconstruing the transformative usefulness of conscience in moral education. Conscience is "reflexive judgment about things that matter" (Green, 1999, p. 21). Paul Lehmann (1963) suggested that we must "do the conscience over or do the conscience in" (p. 327). Thomas Green "does the conscience over", arguing that a philosophy of moral education, and not a moral philosophy, provides the only framework from which governance of moral behaviour can be understood. Narratives from four one-to-one interviews and a focus group are analysed and interpreted in search of: (a) awareness and understanding of conscience, (b) voices of conscience, (c) normation, (d) reflexive emotions, and (e) the idea of the sacred. Participants in this study (ages 16-21) demonstrated an active awareness of their conscience and a willingness to engage in a reflective process of their moral behaviour. They understood their conscience to be a process of self-judgment about what is right and wrong, and that its authority comes from within themselves. Narrative accounts from childhood indicated that conscience is there "from the beginning" with evidence of selfcorrecting behaviour. A maturing conscience is accompanied by an increased cognitive capacity, more complicated life experiences, and individualization. Moral motivation was grounded in " a desire to connect with things that are most important." A model for conscience formation is proposed, which visualizes a critical path of reflexive emotions. It is argued that schools, striving to shape good citizens, can promote conscience formation through a "curriculum of moral skills"; a curriculum that embraces complexity, diversity, social criticism, and selfhood.
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UANL
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Drak2 est un membre de la famille des protines associes la mort et cest une srine/thronine kinase. Chez les souris mutantes nulles Drak2, les cellules T ne prsentent aucune dfectuosit apparente en apoptose induite par activation, aprs stimulation avec anti-CD3 et anti-CD28, mais ont un seuil de stimulation rduit, compares aux cellules T de type sauvage (TS). Dans notre tude, lanalyse dhybridation in situ a rvl que lexpression de Drak2 est ubiquiste au stade de la mi-gestation chez les embryons, suivie dune expression plus focale dans les divers organes pendant la priode prinatale et lge adulte, notamment dans le thymus, la rate, les ganglions lymphatiques, le cervelet, les noyaux suprachiasmatiques, la glande pituitaire, les lobes olfactifs, la mdullaire surrnale, lestomac, la peau et les testicules. Nous avons cr des souris transgniques (Tg) Drak2 en utilisant le promoteur humain beta-actine. Ces souris Tg montraient des ratios normaux entre cellules T versus B et entre cellules CD4 versus CD8, mais leur cellularit et leur poids splniques taient infrieurs compar aux souris de type sauvage. Aprs activation TCR, la rponse prolifrative des cellules T Tg Drak2 tait normale, mme si leur production dinterleukine (IL)-2 et IL-4 mais non dinterfron-r tait augmente. Les cellules T Tg Drak2 actives ont dmontr une apoptose significativement accrue en prsence dIL-2 exogne. Au niveau molculaire, les cellules T Tg Drak2 ont manifest une augmentation moins leve des facteurs anti-apoptotiques durant lactivation; un tel changement a probablement rendu les cellules vulnrables aux attaques subsquentes dIL-2. Lapoptose compromise dans les cellulesT Tg Drak2 a t associe un nombre rduit de cellules T ayant le phnotype des cellules mmoires (CD62Llo) et avec des ractions secondaires rprimes des cellules T dans lhypersensibilit de type diffr. Ces rsultats dmontrent que Drak2 sexprime dans le compartiment des cellules T mais nest pas spcifique aux cellules T; et aussi quil joue des rles dterminants dans lapoptose des cellules T et dans le dveloppement des cellules mmoires T. En outre, nous avons recherch le rle de Drak2 dans la survie des cellules beta et le diabte. LARNm et la protine Drak2 ont t rapidement induits dans les cellules beta de llot aprs stimulation exogne par les cytokines inflammatoires ou les acides gras libres et qui est prsente de faon endogne dans le diabte, quil soit de type 1 ou de type 2. La rgulation positive de Drak2 a t accompagne dune apoptose accrue des cellules beta. Lapoptose des cellules beta provoque par les stimuli en question a t inhibe par la chute de Drak2 en utilisant petit ARNi. Inversement, la surexpression de Drak2 Tg a men lapoptose aggrave des cellules beta dclenche par les stimuli. La surexpression de Drak2 dans les lots a compromis laugmentation des facteurs anti-apoptotiques, tels que Bcl-2, Bcl-xL et Flip, sur stimulation par la cytokine et les acides gras libres. De plus, les expriences in vivo ont dmontr que les souris Tg Drak2 taient sujettes au diabte de type 1 dans un modle de diabte provoqu par de petites doses multiples de streptozotocine et quelles taient aussi sujettes au diabte de type 2 dans un modle dobsit induite par la dite. Nos donnes montrent que Drak2 est dfavorable la survie des cellules beta. Nous avons aussi tudi la voie de transmission de Drak2. Nous avons trouv que Drak2 purifie pouvait phosphoryler p70S6 kinase dans une analyse kinase in vitro. Lasurexpression de Drak2 dans les cellules NIT-1 a entran laugmentation de la phosphorylasation p70S6 kinase tandis que labaissement de Drak2 dans ces cellules a rduit la phosphorylation. Ces recherches mcanistes ont prouv que p70S6 kinase tait vritablement un substrat de Drak2 in vitro et in vivo. Cette tude a dcouvert les fonctions importantes de Drak2 dans lhomostasie des cellules T et le diabte. Nous avons prouv que p70S6 kinase tait un substrat de Drak2. Nos rsultats ont approfondi nos connaissances de Drak2 lintrieur des systmes immunitaire et endocrinien. Certaines de nos conclusions, comme les rles de Drak2 dans le dveloppement des cellules mmoires T et la survie des cellules beta pourraient tre explores pour des applications cliniques dans les domaines de la transplantation et du diabte.
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La prsente thse examine les liens entre le sommeil, la mmoire pisodique et les rves. Dans une premire tude, nous utilisons les technologies de la ralit virtuelle (RV) en liaison avec un paradigme de privation de sommeil paradoxal et de collecte de rve en vue d'examiner l'hypothse que le sommeil paradoxal et le rve sont impliqus dans la consolidation de la mmoire pisodique. Le sommeil paradoxal a t associ au rappel des aspects spatiaux des lments motionnels de la tche RV. De la mme faon, l'incorporation de la tche RV dans les rves a t associe au rappel des aspects spatiaux de la tche. De plus, le rappel des aspects factuels et perceptuels de la mmoire pisodique, form lors de la tche VR, a t associ au sommeil aux ondes lentes. Une deuxime tude examine l'hypothse selon laquelle une fonction possible du rve pourrait tre de crer de nouvelles associations entre les lments de divers souvenirs pisodiques. Un participant a t rveill 43 fois lors de l'endormissement pour fournir des rapports dtaills de rves. Les rsultats suggrent qu'un seul rve peut comporter, dans un mme contexte spatiotemporel, divers lments appartenant aux multiples souvenirs pisodiques. Une troisime tude aborde la question de la cognition lors du sommeil paradoxal, notamment comment les aspects bizarres des rves, qui sont forms grce aux nouvelles combinaisons d'lments de la mmoire pisodique, sont perus par le rveur. Les rsultats dmontrent une dissociation dans les capacits cognitives en sommeil paradoxal caractrise par un dficit slectif dans l'apprciation des lments bizarres des rves. Les rsultats des quatre tudes suggrent que le sommeil aux ondes lentes et le sommeil paradoxal sont diffremment impliqus dans le traitement de la mmoire pisodique. Le sommeil aux ondes lentes pourrait tre implique dans la consolidation de la mmoire pisodique, et le sommeil paradoxal, par l'entremise du rve, pourrais avoir le rle d'introduire de la flexibilit dans ce systme mnmonique.
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Desde que Hitch (1978) public el primer estudio sobre el rol de la memoria de trabajo en el clculo han ido aumentando las investigaciones en este campo. Muchos trabajos han estudiado un nico subsistema, pero nuestro objetivo es identificar qu subsistema de la memoria de trabajo (bucle fonolgico, agenda viso-espacial o ejecutivo central) est ms implicado en el clculo mental. Para ello hemos realizado un estudio correlacional en el que hemos administrado dos pruebas aritmticas y nueve pruebas de la Bateria de Test de Memria de Treball de Pickering, Baqus y Gathercole (1999) a una muestra de 94 nios espaoles de 7-8 aos. Nuestros resultados indican que el bucle fonolgico y sobretodo el ejecutivo central inciden de forma estadsticamente significativa en el rendimiento aritmtico
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Semantic memory has been studied from various fields. The first models emerged from cognitive psychology from the hand of the division proposed by Tulving between semantic and episodic memory. Over the past thirty years there have been parallel developments in the fields of psycholinguistics, cognitive psychology and cognitive neuropsychology. The present work is to review the contributions that have emerged within the neuropsychology to the study of semantic memory and to present an updated overview of the points of consensus. First, it is defined the term "semantics" conceptually within the field of neuropsychology. Then, there is a dichotomy that passes through both psychological and neuropsychological models on semantic memory: the existence of modals versus amodal representations. Third, there are developed the main theoretical models in neuropsychology that emerged in an attempt to explain categoryspecific semantic deficits. Finally, more robust contributions and points that still generate some discussion are reviewed.
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This article contributes to the study of cinema audiences in Europe by analyzing the actual behavior of Spanish moviegoers and their level of satisfaction. We modeled moviegoers choice of film by country of origin (U.S.A., Spain, and other countries) according to a set of determinants: (1) consumers interpretation of several sources of information, (2) motivations and (3) choice rules. We found three clear consumer stereotypes related to each type of film: (1) U.S.A. films were preferred by almost everyone (especially families and younger audiences); (2) Spanish films had audiences composed of middle-age and middle-class moviegoers; and (3) European productions were preferred by a social or intellectual elite. U.S.A. films dominate the Spanish market for the reason that they provide most of what moviegoers prefer, namely, familiar, reliable entertainment in Spanish; three characteristics that are not satisfied by Spanish and European films. Additionally, we discuss the implications for the European cultural policy
