Being Tamil, being Hindu:Tamil migrants’ negotiations of the absence of Tamil Hindu spaces in the West Midlands and South West of England

This paper considers the religious practices of Tamil Hindus who have settled in the West Midlands and South West of England in order to explore how devotees of a specific ethno-regional Hindu tradition with a well-established UK infrastructure in the site of its adherents’ population density adapt their religious practices in settlement areas which lack this infrastructure. Unlike the majority of the UK Tamil population who live in the London area, the participants in this study did not have ready access to an ethno-religious infrastructure of Tamil-orientated temples and public rituals. The paper examines two means by which this absence was addressed as well as the intersections and negotiations of religion and ethnicity these entailed: firstly, Tamil Hindus’ attendance of temples in their local area which are orientated towards a broadly imagined Hindu constituency or which cater to a non-Tamil ethno-linguistic or sectarian community; and, secondly, through the ‘DIY’ performance of ethnicised Hindu ritual in non-institutional settings.

Hindutva meets globalization: The impact on Hindu urban media women

This study examines the impact of globalization and religious nationalism on the personal and professional lives of urban Hindu middle class media women. The research demonstrates how newly strengthened forces of globalization and Hindutva shape Indian womanhood. The research rests on various data that reveal how Indian women interpret and negotiate constructed identities. The study seeks to give voice to the objectified by scrutinizing and challenging the stereotypical modern faces of Indian womanhood seen in the narratives of globalization and Hindutva. Feminist open-ended interviewing was conducted in English and Hindi in New Delhi, the capital of India, with 23 Hindu women, employed by electronic and print media corporations. Accumulated data were analyzed and interpreted using feminist critical discourse analysis. Findings from the study indicate that while the Indian middle class women have embraced professional opportunities presented by globalization, they remain circumscribed by mutating gender politics. The research also finds that as academic and professional progress empower the women within their homes, their public lives have become fraught with increasing gender violence and decreasing recourse to justice. Therefore, women accept the power stratification of their lives as being dependent on spatial and temporal distinctions, and have learnt to engage and strategize with the public environment for physical safety and personal-professional progress. While the media women see systemic masculine domination as being symbiotic with tenets of religious nationalism, they exhibit an unquestioned embracing of capitalism/globalization as the means of empowerment. My research also strongly indicates the importance of the media’s role in shaping gender dynamics in a global context. In conclusion, my research shows the mediawomen’s immense agency in pursuing academic and professional careers while being aware of deeply ingrained gender roles through their strong commitment towards their families. The findings of this study contribute to the literature on Third World nationalism, urban globalization and understandings of reworked-renewed masculine domination. Finally, the study also engages with recent scholarship on the Indian middle class (See Nanda 2010; Shenoy 2009; Lukose 2005; and Radhakrishnan 2006) while simultaneously addressing the notions of privilege and disengagement levied at the middle class woman, a symbiosis of idealization and imprisonment.

The Hindu-Jewish relationship and the significance of dialogue : participants' reflections on the 2007 and 2008 Hindu-Jewish summits at New Delhi and Jerusalem

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not new and significant developments for the Hindu and Jewish faiths, and the relationship that exists between them, can be demonstrated from the results of the Hindu-Jewish Leadership Summits of 2007 and 2008 in Delhi and Jerusalem. I argue that new and significant developments can be observed with this Hindu-Jewish encounter with regards to official rulings of Halacha (Jewish law), proper understandings of sacred symbols of Hinduism, and even improved Islamic-Jewish relations. After analyzing the approaches, themes, and unique framework found within this encounter, it is clear that the Hindu-Jewish leadership summits mark new and significant developments in inter-religious dialogue between the two traditions, culminating in the redefinition of Hinduism as a monotheistic religion.

Hindu and Muslim women at International Women's Year conference

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Neuroscience and Hindu Aesthetics: A Critical Analysis of V.S. Ramachandran’s “Science of Art”

Neuroaesthetics is the study of the brain’s response to artistic stimuli. The neuroscientist V.S. Ramachandran contends that art is primarily “caricature” or “exaggeration.” Exaggerated forms hyperactivate neurons in viewers’ brains, which in turn produce specific, “universal” responses. Ramachandran identifies a precursor for his theory in the concept of rasa (literally “juice”) from classical Hindu aesthetics, which he associates with “exaggeration.” The canonical Sanskrit texts of Bharata Muni’s Natya Shastra and Abhinavagupta’s Abhinavabharati, however, do not support Ramachandran’s conclusions. They present audiences as dynamic co-creators, not passive recipients. I believe we could more accurately model the neurology of Hindu aesthetic experiences if we took indigenous rasa theory more seriously as qualitative data that could inform future research.

Sobre as causas naturais que formam a base empírica do fenômeno dos turbilhões nas cosmogonias : dos pré-socráticos a René Descartes

Neste trabalho é apresentado um possível fundamento empírico para as teorias dos turbilhões que figuram em praticamente todas as teorias cosmogônicas dos pré-socráticos e mesmo presentes nas teorias de pensadores modernos como René Descartes e C. Huyghens.

India's homosexual discrimination and health consequences

A large number of countries worldwide have legalized homosexual rights. But for 147 years, since when India was a British colony, Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code defines homosexuality as a crime, punishable by imprisonment. This outdated law violates the fundamental rights of homosexuals in India. Despite the fact that literature drawn from Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim, and modern fiction testify to the presence of same-sex love in various forms, homosexuality is still considered a taboo subject in India, by both the society and the government. In the present article, the continuation of the outdated colonial-era homosexuality law and its impact on the underprivileged homosexual society in India is discussed, as well as consequences to this group's health in relation to HIV infection.

Curiosidades numéricas : Das origens do zero aos desafios do novo milénio

(...) Tal como os babilónios, os maias do México e da América Central criaram um sistema de numeração posicional. A diferença é que o sistema era vigesimal, de base 20. Os maias também recorriam ao zero para a escrita dos números e utilizavam dois tipos de dígitos (...) O sistema de numeração indiano acabou por evoluir de um sistema do tipo grego para um sistema do tipo babilónico (...) Os indianos encararam com naturalidade a existência de números negativos, bem como da reta numérica em que o zero assumia finalmente o estatuto de número com a posição estratégica de separar os números positivos dos negativos. (...) A própria palavra “zero” tem raízes hindu-árabes. O nome indiano para zero era sunya, que significava “vazio”. Os árabes transformaram-no em sifr. Por sua vez, os ocidentais adotaram uma designação que soasse a latim – zephirus, que é a raiz da nossa palavra “zero”. (...) No Ocidente, o medo do infinito e o horror ao vazio perpetuaram-se durante séculos. Partindo do universo pitagórico, Aristóteles e Ptolemeu defendiam um cosmos finito em extensão, mas cheio de matéria. O universo estava contido numa “casca de noz” revestida pela esfera das estrelas fixas. (...) A falta do zero não só impediu o desenvolvimento da Matemática no Ocidente como, indiretamente, introduziu alguma confusão no nosso calendário. Todos nos lembramos das dúvidas que surgiram com a viragem recente de século e milénio: deveríamos festejar a mudança de século e milénio na passagem de ano de 1999 para 2000 ou de 2000 para 2001? A resposta correta é a segunda opção e a justificação é simples: o nosso calendário não contempla o zero. (...) Com o Renascimento, o universo de casca de noz partiu-se, o vazio e o infinito ultrapassaram por completo os preconceitos da fundação aristotélica da Igreja e abriram caminho para um desenvolvimento notável da ciência e, em particular, da Matemática. O zero assumiu um papel chave no desenvolvimento de várias áreas da Matemática, entre elas destaca-se o cálculo diferencial e integral. O edifício matemático, que outrora tinha sido alicerçado partindo da necessidade de contar ovelhas e demarcar propriedades, erguia-se agora bem alto: as regras da Natureza podiam ser descritas por equações e a Matemática era a chave para desvendar os segredos do Universo. (...) O zero não pode ser ignorado. De facto, o zero está na base de muitos dos segredos do Universo, a desvendar neste novo milénio.

Relatório de estágio: empreendedorismo be your own boss

Mestrado em Gestão e Empreendedorismo

A mecânica quântica e o pensamento de Amit Goswami

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em História e Filosofia das Ciências – Especialidade de Epistemologia das Ciências pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia