Kaupungin ja maaseudun vuorovaikutus alueellisessa kehittämispolitiikassa

In Finland, European Union membership and economic globalisation have changed the position of regions from closed territorial systems to nodes of open international networks. The increasing complexity of cities as globalised knowledge centres and functionally specialised and diversified rural areas, and on the other hand growing disparities between prosperous urban cores and lagging peripheral areas are also essential features in contemporary regional development. These trends have produced new needs to promote mutual dialogue between cities and the countryside in western market economies. Urban-rural interaction is an idea which was developed in the late 1990s within regional policy to pull together these new challenges to regional development and handle cities and the countryside as a whole. The aim of my study is to conceptualise the idea of urban-rural interaction, explain the phenomenon theoretically, clarify past and present urban and rural development and analyse regional policies from the interaction angle. The ultimate purpose is to illustrate the existence and nature of particular interaction policy in a globalising society. The general method is discourse analysis, which I use in three cases: Central Finland, South-Ostrobothnia and South-West Finland. Theoretically I have a two-dimensional approach. On the first hand I use World-System theory to explain how the global economy is moulding urban and rural structures at the regional level. On the other hand I use regime theory to explain local political actions and practises between cities and the countryside under the overlapping pressures deriving from reformulated regional structures and policies.

Adaptation to globalisation in Finland has been carried out by strengthening urban centres. The stress in regional policy has been in urban development. The development of the countryside has mostly been implemented by a separate rural policy. At the end of the 1990s and early 2000s Finnish cities have actually shown themselves to be competitive in global markets. The drawbacks of the new growth centre policy have been the sparse network of prosperous cities and their weak spreading effects, which have hindered comprehensive regional development. Tensions between urban and rural areas have also deepened. In this situation the interaction policy is used as a way of balancing development and moderate conflicts within the regions. From this point of view urban-rural interaction can be seen as a way of tackling the challenges of globalisation.

On the other hand the results emphasise that actors involved in regional development still believe, although the hegemonic discourse is on urban policy, that there are opportunities to stimulate progress in the countryside as well. In the situation where regional authorities control development resources, rural development can be successful only if rural actors manage to establish fruitful relationships with their urban partners. This is also the weakness of the programme-based regional policy. If rural municipalities or other actors are for any reason incapable of building development regimes with cities, the offers of interaction policy will be useless.

The problem of the interaction policy is that the focus and methods of it have so far been rather underdeveloped. In order to improve the efficiency of the interaction policy, further research should concentrate on the social processes which define the position of cities and the countryside as partners of interaction, and practises which promote or prohibit the possibilities of developing the interaction policy. The efforts to define different contents of urban-rural interaction or promote interaction projects should not have such an important role in the future as they have had so far. Instead, the focus of interaction policy should be on questions such as how to manage the political tensions between town and country and how to create a positive atmosphere for regional policy where the needs of urban and rural development are promoted equally.

Radiokanavan tilinpäätös : YleQ:n elämä ja kuolema henkilöstöhaastattelujen valossa

Opinnäytetyöni käsittelee Yleisradion edesmenneen radiokanavan uuden YleQ:n taivalta sen perustamisesta huhtikuussa 2004 kanavan päättymiseen syyskuussa 2006. Ensisijaisina pohdinnan kohteinani ovat kanavan työntekijöiden ajatukset YleQ:n merkityksestä sekä sen päättymisen syistä. YleQ poikkesi muista Yleisradion kanavista sisältönsä puolesta, ollen populaarikulttuuria painottanut, nuorelle aikuisyleisölle suunnattu radiokanava. Erityisesti YleQ:n musiikkitarjonta täydensi laajuutensa ja monipuolisuutensa ansiosta Yleisradion kokonaistarjontaa. Opinnäytetyöni on toteutettu henkilöstöhaastattelujen avulla. Haastattelin 21 entistä YleQ:n työntekijää muutamaa kuukautta kanavan päättymisen jälkeen. Työn edetessä tuli tarpeelliseksi myös selvittää kuuden muun haastattelun avulla mm. kysymyksiä Yleisradion uudesta strategiasta sekä populaarikulttuurin asemasta Yleisradiossa. Oman työni taustalla on autenttinen kaksivuotinen osallistuminen tutkittavaan työyhteisöön. Lähtökohtana haastatteluille ovat ne käsitykset, joita minulle oli syntynyt työskennellessäni YleQ:ssa. Tutkimuksellisesti vahvat ennakkokäsitykseni voivat olla ongelmallisia, mutta toisaalta hiljainen tieto osoittautui tarpeelliseksi haastatteluita analysoidessani. YleQ:n entiset työntekijät kokivat tulleensa pompotelluiksi ja hyväksikäytetyiksi kokeiluun, johon Yleisradiossa ei kunnolla edes panostettu. Moni haastatelluistani koki, että YleQ:n hyvä idea epäonnistui huonon toteutuksensa vuoksi. Yleisesti kuitenkin ymmärrettiin kanavan lakkauttamisen johtuneen priorisoinnista yhtiön uusiin palveluihin. Tästä huolimatta moni haastatelluistani on huolissaan populaarikulttuurin tarjonnasta Yleisradiossa YleQ:n päättymisen jälkeen.

Stodius-suvusta

Antti Kolehmainen

Rikkaiden pojat ja köyhien tyttäret : Helsingin vanha prostituutiokulttuuri

Antti Häkkinen

Uuttoajan ja EDTA:n vaikutus metsitettyjen peltomaiden ravinteiden uuttumiseen happamaan ammoniumasetaattiin

Summary: Effect of extraction time and EDTA on acid ammonium concentration of afforested agricultural soils

Painomaan vaikutus metsitetyn turvepellon ravinnemääriin

Summary: Effect of mineral soil admixture on the nutrient amounts of afforested peat fields