Preliminary use of oxygen stable isotopes and the 1983 El Niño to assess the accuracy of aging black rockfish (Sebastes melanops)

Black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) range from California to Alaska and are found in both nearshore and shallow continental shelf waters (Love et al., 2002). Juveniles and subadults inhabit shallow water, moving deeper as they grow. Generally, adults are found at depths shallower than 55 meters and reportedly live up to 50 years. The species is currently managed by using information from an age-structured stock assessment model (Ralston and Dick, 2003).

Combining stable isotopes and skeletal growth marks to detect habitat shifts in juvenile loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta

Understanding the phase and timing of ontogenetic habitat shifts underlies the study of a species’ life history and population dynamics. This information is especially critical to the conservation and management of threatened and endangered species, such as the loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta. The early life of loggerheads consists of a terrestrial egg and hatchling stage, a posthatchling and juvenile oceanic, pelagic feeding stage, and a juvenile neritic, primarily benthic feeding stage. In the present study, novel approaches were applied to explore the timing of the loggerhead ontogenetic shift from pelagic to benthic habitats. The most recent years of somatic growth are recorded as annual marks in humerus cross sections. A consistent growth mark pattern in benthic juvenile loggerheads was identified, with narrow growth marks in the interior of the bone transitioning to wider growth marks at the exterior, indicative of a sharp increase in growth rates at the transitional growth mark. This increase in annual growth is hypothesized to correlate with the ontogenetic shift from pelagic to benthic habitats. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen just interior and exterior to the transitional growth mark, as well as stable isotopes from pelagic and benthic flora, fauna and loggerhead stomach contents, were analyzed to determine whether this transition related to a diet shift. The results clearly indicate that a dietary shift from oceanic/pelagic to neritic/benthic feeding corresponds to a transitional growth mark. The combination of stable isotope analysis with skeletochronology can elucidate the ecology of cryptic life history stages during loggerhead ontogeny.

Stable isotopes in paleosols and origins of the Asian monsoon

The stable isotopic composition of buried soil carbonate and organic matter from northern Pakistan and Nepal can be used to reconstruct aspects of the paleoecology of riverine floodplain ecosystems over the past 17 Myr. Probable dry woodland dominated the floodplain biomass of large rivers ancestral to the modern Indus and Ganges up to 7.3 Myr. Between 7.3 and about 6 Myr, tropical grasses gradually displaced woodland and have dominated floodplain biomasses to the present. The paleovegetational transition beginning about 7.3 Myr likely signals the onset of the strongly seasonal precipitation pattern that typifies the monsoonal climate of the region today. One possible analog to the dry woodland soils of the Miocene are found under the Sal woodlands of the northern Indian subcontinent, while undisturbed modern analogs to the Plio-Pleistocene floodplain grasslands can still be found in the Chitwan area of southern Nepal.

Hg~(2+)、Cd~(2+)及其复合胁迫对苦草的毒害

利用微宇宙系统研究了不同浓度的Hg2+、Cd2+单一及复合处理下,苦草对这三种胁迫的响应。三种胁迫下,3d内苦草现存量增加百分比与金属离子浓度间显著负相关,其中在[Hg2+]或[Hg2++Cd2+]([Hg2+]/[Cd2+]=1)>5μmol/L时,2～3d可致死;总生产力、净生产力、呼吸强度以及叶绿素含量均随着金属离子浓度的增加而下降,同时叶绿素含量还随着胁迫时间的延长而降低,但上述四个指标在低浓度胁迫时常略有升高;可溶性蛋白含量在[Hg2+]或[Hg2++Cd2+]≤2.5μmol/L、以及[Cd2

Hg~(2+)、Cd~(2+)及其联合胁迫对伊乐藻的生长及POD和SOD活性的影响

利用水族箱实验研究了伊乐藻的现存量以及POD和SOD活性在Hg2+、Cd2+及其联合胁迫下的响应特点.结果表明:Hg2+和Cd2+对伊乐藻的联合毒性大于单一的毒性;在Hg2+20μmol.L-1,或Cd2+80μmol.L-1,或Hg2++Cd2+50μmol.L-1([Hg2+]/[Cd2+]=1/4)时,植物现存量增加的百分比与金属离子浓度负相关;高于上述浓度时,植物现存量减少的速率明显降低.POD和SOD活性的变化趋势相似,在6 h时,其活性在低于40μmol.L-1的Hg2+、或160μmol.L

湖北鸭儿湖表层沉积物与鱼体中Hg质量比的相关性研究

采用固 /液 Hg自动分析仪 ,对采自湖北鸭儿湖氧化塘的鲢鱼、鳙鱼及表层沉积物 (0～ 2 0 cm)中 Hg质量比进行了检测。 1998年采集的畸形鲢鱼鱼肉中 Hg的平均质量比为 (1.72 3± 0 .92 6) mg/ kg(n =5 ) ,分别是美国 FDA人体健康影响标准 (1.0 mg/ kg)和我国食品卫生标准 (0 .3 mg/ kg)的 3 .2倍和 10 .6倍 ,超标率均达 10 0 % ;2 0 0 2年采集的畸形鲢鱼、畸形鳙鱼鱼肉中 Hg的平均质量比分别为(0 .5 72± 0

Hg~(2+)、Cd~(2+)及其复合胁迫对伊乐藻的毒害

利用水生微宇宙系统研究了不同浓度的Hg2+、Cd2+单一及复合处理对伊乐藻可溶性蛋白质浓度、叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b比值,以及生产力和呼吸作用的影响.可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素含量在低浓度胁迫时(Hg2+≤2.5μmol/L,Cd2+≤10μmol/L,Hg2++Cd2+≤1.25μmol/LHg2++5μmol/LCd2+)略有升高,之后随胁迫的增强而持续下降,两者呈负相关;叶绿素a/b比值、净生产力、呼吸强度随离子浓度增加不断下降,除呼吸强度外,两者也呈负相关.Hg2+对伊乐藻的毒性是Cd2+的4倍左右(以

Hg~(2+)与POD复合处理对小麦萌发及幼苗生长的影响

通过水培实验研究了0、10、20、50、70和100 mg.L-1 Hg2+和65 U.mL-1的过氧化物酶(POD)混合浸种对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)萌发及幼苗生长过程中的10个形态和生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:施加外源POD可明显提高种子发芽率、植株日均增重和幼苗叶片的可溶性蛋白含量,增加幼苗叶片内源超氧物歧化酶(SOD)和POD的活性,拮抗Hg2+胁迫对种子发芽率、苗高、日均增重及叶片可溶性蛋白含量的不利影响,Hg2+浓度较高时(≥50 mg.L-1),对种子发芽率和日均增

Trophic relationship between the parasitic isopod ichthyoxenus japonensis and the fish carassius auratus auratus as revealed by stable isotopes

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis was used to investigate the host-parasite trophic relationship between the parasitic isopod Ichthyoxenus japonensis and one of its freshwater fish host Carassius auratus auratus from Lake Fuxian, China. No significant differences in delta C-13 and delta N-15 were observed between the heterosexual pairs of I. japonensis in the same host. delta C-13 and delta N-15 of I. japonensis were significantly lower than those of its host fish, and the isotopic ratios of the isopod increased with the increase of host fish isotopic signatures. Unlike isotopic fractionation patterns generally observed among consumers and their diets, isopod parasite was delta C-13 and N-15 depleted relative to the muscle tissue of this host fish. Differential isotopic fractionation patterns in the isopod parasite and the fish may be attributed to differences in parasite and host metabolism.

Hg胁迫对两种基因型小麦生长及其过氧化物酶活性的影响

用不同浓度Hg处理两种基因型小麦种子,较低浓度的Hg对小麦种子萌发影响比较小,对抗旱品种的小麦种子(陕合)的萌发有略微的刺激作用。小剂量、短时间的重金属处理可以提高POD的活性,发芽后受到Hg胁迫的陕合对Hg的耐受性低于发芽前就受到Hg胁迫的陕合,也低于同样胁迫处理的小麦品种(郑引)。发芽后进行Hg胁迫处理情况下,陕合对于Hg胁迫比较敏感,POD活性随着Hg浓度的升高而下降;而郑引,低浓度Hg对其POD活性有促进作用。在小麦发芽前就受到Hg胁迫的情况下,陕合和郑引的POD活性都随着Hg浓度增加表现为先上升而后下降趋势。