聚丁二烯红外和拉曼光谱微结构分析

本工作对聚丁二烯(PBD)进行了光谱微结构分析，主要考察了三个问题。1、PBD分子链构象对PBD红外光谱的影响本工作对高顺式(c)PBD样品进行了室温和低温(25℃和-150℃)红外光谱测定，发现高顺式PBD在低温下整个光谱吸收峰大部分峰宽变窄，峰强增加，特别是738cm~(-1)峰，在低温下位移至748cm~(-1)，峰强增加一倍多。另外还观察到低温结晶态出现802和598cm~(-1)两个吸收峰，在以前文献中未曾有过报导，我们将它们归属为顺式结构结晶峰。通过计算分峰，原来738cm~(-1)峰分成两个位于742和727cm~(-1)的子峰，在低温下，两个子峰分别位移至748和735cm~(-1)，与室温时比较，两个子峰半宽都明显变小。748cm~(-1)子峰峰强也大大增加。结构分析表明，顺式结构特征振动CH=CH面外变角与分子链的构象有密切联系，而仅式(T)和1.2(v)结构却不存在这种情况，因而967cm~(-1)(T)和911cm~(-1)(v)两特征峰低温下变化都很小。本工作认为顺式结构738cm~(-1)峰这一变化是由于顺式结构不同分子链构象所造成的。低温和室温下分峰所得的左子峰对应于最稳定构象产生的吸收，右子峰则对应于相对不稳定构象产生的吸收。同时本工作肯定了米晋瑁等人提出的红外光谱定量分析方法在高顺式样品中的适用性。2、PBD分子链序列结构对红外光谱的影响由于在非高顺式样品中存在CCC、CCT、CCV、TCV、TCT、VCV等多种序列形式，通过不同组成的PBD红外光谱分析，发现在乙烯基含量中、高的样品中，原来738cm~(-1)峰已不再存在，峰值出现在733cm~(-1)附近，而且受1.2结构部分吸收的严重影响，顺式结构CH=CH面外变角吸收已不再是顺式结构的特征峰。通过对850至650cm~(-1)光谱区的光谱解析，本工作认为朱晋瑁等人的红外光谱定量分析方法在乙烯含量中、高的样品中已不再适用。3、PBD拉曼光谱的微结构分析本工作对PBD拉曼光谱1600-1700cm~(-1)区进行了光谱测定，选择了1666、1652和1639.5cm~(-1)吸收峰作为T、C和V构型的特征峰，借助于景遐斌老师的计算分峰方法，对PBD样品进行微结构分析，结果表明，各吸收带拟合良好，特征峰峰位稳定，分别在1666±1、1652±1.5和1639.5±1 cm~(-1)，半峰宽变化不大，峰与峰之间相互影响很小，也就是说，我们选用的特征峰是合理的。用分峰所得的相对面积，结合~1H-NMR测得的值，建立了拉曼光谱PBD定量分析方法。用这一方法对27个不同微结构组成的PBD样品进行分析，所得结果与~1HNMR（高顺式样品与~(13)C-NMR、IR）比较，绝大部分样品一致性很好，最大偏差小于2%。本工作认为，用1666、1652和1639.5cm~(-1)碳双键伸缩振动吸收峰作为T、C和V构型特征峰进行定量分析，在理论上是合理的，在实际上是可行的。而且本方法直接使用固体样品，不经任何溶解和处理，所有计算处理在微机上即可实现，操作和计算都很方便。

稀土冠醚络合物的研究

稀土冠醚配合物由于其有趣的稀土／冠醚配比和结构以及其在稀土萃取分离、光谱探针等方面应用的可能性，引起了人们极大的研究兴趣，在固体配合物合成、晶体结构、配合物稳定性、冠醚在稀土萃取分离中应用等方面展开了广泛的研究。但是，对于不同配比配合物的反应机理及本质的探讨尚注意不够；三元配合物的合成工作较少；冠醚对稀土元素萃取需要有大体积对阴离子存在，且萃取效率不高，分离因数低。所有这些表明，对稀土冠醚配合物的合成及其性质，有必要作进一步深入的研究。本论文以冠醚(2,2)及其衍生物以及18－冠－6作为配体，研究其稀土配合物的结构及性质，取得了一些有意义的结果。1．合成轻稀土La-Nd硝酸盐与冠醚(2,2)配合物并测定了它们的晶体结构。晶体属于三斜晶系，空间群PT。随着原子序数增加，晶胞体积减小。配合物中，中心离子位于冠醚环中心，三个硝酸根均以双齿形式配位，其中两个位于位阻较小的冠醚环一侧，另一个位于其对侧。中心离子的配位数为12。指出硝酸稀土冠醚(2,2)配合物存在着两种不同的结构: [Ln(NO_3)_3(2,2)I (Ln = La - Sm); [Ln(NO_3)_2(2,2)]NO_3 (Ln = Eu)。用“堆积原理”解释了这种结构差异的原因。2．原INDO法计算了配合物La(NO_3)_3(2,2)的净电荷分布、电子结构、键级。用XPS验证了净电荷分布计算结果。键级计算结果表明，镧与配位原子间的键具有一定程度的共价性。镧的5d轨道对共价成份的贡献最大，而4f轨道基本上不参与成键，镧与冠醚环上氮原子间具有较强的作用，从而提高了稀土冠醚(2,2)配合物的稳定性。3．合成了稀土苦味酸盐与冠醚(2,2)配合物。元素分析结果指出：La、Pr-Sm配合物为无水的1:1配合物，Eu-Lu配合物为含水配合物。用IR、NMR、TG研究了La、Pr-Sm四个配合物的性质。IR研究结果表明，冠醚环上C-O-C、C-N-C反对称伸缩振动频率在形成配合物后向低波数位移40 cm~(-1)左右。N－H伸缩振动频率向低波数位移并发生分裂，其中一个分裂峰位移达-130 cm~(-1)。配位后，苦味酸C－O伸缩振动频率向低波数位移约10 cm~(-1)，苯环上硝基面外摇摆振动发生分裂，表明苦味酸以酚氧原子及硝基氧原子参与配位。~1H NMR结果表明，配位后，冠醚环上质子向高场位移。4．合成了未见文献报道的十五个稀土－PMBP－18C6三元配合物。元素分析结果指出配合物组成为1:3:1，用IR、NMR、FAB－MS TG－DTA研究了配合物性质。IR结果指出：形成配合物后，冠醚C－O－C反对称伸缩振动频率位移较小，表明了稀土与冠醚间的作用较弱。FAB－MS中[Ln(PMBP)_2·18C6]~+谱峰丰度小于[Ln(PMBP)_2]~+，也反映了三元配合物中稀土与冠醚间的较弱的作用，表明三元配合物的稳定性不如二元配合物。选择La~(3+)、Lu~(3+)、Y~(3+)、Pr~(3+)、Eu~(3+)、Ho~(3+)的三元配合物进行了~1H NMR研究。对抗磁性离子La~(3+)、Lu~(3+)、Y~(3+)的配合物，与自由配体比较，各组质子均向高场位移。顺磁性离子Pr~(3+)、Eu~(3+)配合物中，PMBP苯环质子发生更大位移，同时谱峰宽化。冠醚环上质子及PMBP甲基质子共振峰消失。Ho~(3+)配合物由于强烈的宽化作用而没有出现质子核磁共振信号。5．研究冠醚(2,2)的两种衍生物对Pr~(3+)的萃取行为，结果表明，在没有大体积对阴离子存在下，冠醚对Pr(NO_3)_3能有较高的萃取率，这种现象尚未见文献报导。考察了冠醚浓度、稀土浓度等对萃取分配比的影响，随着冠醚浓度增加，萃取分配比增加，而稀土浓度增加时，萃取分配比下降。

改性聚丙烯酰胺的合成及其溶液性质的研究

部分水解高分子量聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM），因其稀溶液粘度很大，被广泛应用于三次采油中作为“活性水”驱油的粘度调节剂，以提高石油的采收率（EOR）。但HPAM的耐盐性、耐温性和贮存稳定性不好，如在电解质的水溶液中的粘度效应明显降低，这些缺点影响了它的使用效果。改性聚丙烯酰胺的合成是聚合物采油中的重要研究课题。我们合成和表征了端丙烯酰胺基聚（β-胺基丙酸）（AMPAE）和2-丙烯酰胺基十六烷磺酸（AMC _(11)S）两种新型共聚单体，并用无规共聚的方法获得了耐盐性、耐热性和贮存稳定性有不同程度改善的新型改性聚丙烯酰胺。1、端丙烯酰胺基聚（β-胺基丙酸）的合成和结构表征。在加有自由基阻聚剂的惰性溶剂中，以叔丁醇钠为引发剂可使丙烯酰胺发生氢转移聚合反应，合成新型大分子单体端丙烯酰胺基聚（β-胺基丙酸）对所合成的分子单体我们用~1H-NMR和IR进行了表征；用端基滴定法和~1H-NMR法测定了大分子单体的分子量；用~(13)C-NMR和NaoH水解法测定了大分子单体的支化度。2、2-丙烯酰胺基十六烷磺酸（AMC_(16)S）的合成和结构表征。丙烯腈、2-烯烃(L_5-L_(18))和发烟硫作用可合成N-烷基磺酸基取代的丙烯酰胺衍生物。我们用~1H-NMR谱可对1-正十六烯得到的产物进行了表征，确定了该化合物的明确结构式，并首次给出了该化合物的质谱图。酸值，溴值和元素分析的结果与所确定的结构式相符。3、丙烯酰胺、端丙烯酰胺基聚（β-胺基丙酸）和丙烯酸钠三元共聚物（AM-AMPAE-ANa）的合成。表征及其溶液性质。以硫酸亚铁/异丙苯过氧化氢氧化还原引发体系合成了不同组成的AM-AMPAE-ANa无规共聚物。经用乙醇:水（体积比） = 20:1的混合溶剂萃取纯制过的样品用IR、~1H-NMR进行了表征；通过~1H-NMR和滴定法测定了共聚的组成；用粘度法估算了共聚物的表观分子量。溶液性质的数据表明，该共聚物的耐盐性比HPAM的耐盐性有所改善，但在2% Nacl溶液中，它的耐温性能比HPAM的耐温性能差，该共聚物有着好的贮存稳定性。4、丙烯酰胺和2-丙烯酰胺基十六烷磺酸铵共聚物（AM-AMC_(16)SNH_4）的合成，表征及其溶液性质。以硫酸亚铁/异丙苯过氧化氢氧化还原引发体系合成了不同组成的AM-AMC_(16)SNH_4无规共聚物，经乙醇萃取纯制过的样品，用IR、~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR和元素分析进行了表征；通过样品的S和N元素的含量计算了共聚物的组成；用光散射法测定了共聚物在溶液中的表观分子量；用透射电镜观察了共聚物在不同溶剂中的形态。实验结果表明，共聚物分子在水溶液中存在着一定程度的疏水基因间的缔合作用。溶液性质的数据可以看出，AM-AMC_(16)SNH_4共聚物有着很高的粘度盐水保留值（BR）且有着良好的耐温性和贮存稳定性，是一种性能较好的新型改性聚丙烯酰胺。

A facile and effective method for the distribution of Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst active centers

Post-steaming treatment of Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts results in more molybdenum species migrating into and residing in the HZSM-5 zeolite channels. This is confirmed by XRF and XPS measurements. H-1 MAS NMR and Si-29 MAS NMR also demonstrate that the number of free Bronsted acid sites decreases in the Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts that underwent post-steaming treatment, compared to untreated Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts. As a result, the deactivation rate constant (kd) on the Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst after post-steaming treatment for 0.5 h is much smaller, and the catalyst therefore shows remarkable stability in the probe reaction of methane dehydro-aromatization. The results suggest that a more beneficial bi-functional balance between active Mo species for methane activation and acid sites for the following aromatization is developed over those Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts that have experienced post-steaming treatment for 0.5 h, in comparison with the untreated Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts.

一种手性性质随不同金属离子改变的共轭聚合物

化学传感器能识别一种特殊分子或一类分子的分子装置 ,基于共轭聚合物的化学传感器的设计原理一般都是利用其分子的电子效应和空间构象的变化 [1～ 4] ,而旋光分子的手性同样与其电子和空间结构相关 .本文试图建立一种依靠化合物手性 (如旋光度 )的变化检测金属离子的新方法 .由于含手性联萘结构的共轭聚合物具有较好的旋光热稳定性和高的旋光值 [5,6] ,以及聚合物主链上联吡啶基团可与许多过渡金属离子配位[4,7] ,我们设计合成了一种同时含有联吡啶和手性联萘基团的共轭聚合物 .结果表明 ,不同过渡金属离子与聚合物联吡啶单元的作用可引起聚合物吸收和发射光谱的变化 ,同时导致聚合物手性的变化 .1　实验部分1.1　仪器与试剂　 1 H NMR谱用 d-氯仿作溶剂 ,用四甲基硅烷作内标在 Varian3 0 0 MHz核磁仪上测定 ;红外光谱用 Bioard FTS-7傅里叶变换红外谱仪测定 ;凝胶凝透色谱 (GPC)用聚苯乙烯作标准 ,四氢呋喃作洗脱剂 ,在 Waters5 10仪器上测定 ;旋光度用 Perkin Elmer3 41LC型旋光仪测定 ;紫外 -可见光谱用 Varian Cray 5 0光谱仪测定 ;...

采用新萃取方法的PP-b-PE的研究

采用独特的二次溶解和沉淀的萃取方法,将PP b PE中的不可溶物与可溶物分离,并通过1 3C NMR,DSC,FT IR进行结构与性能的研究

聚β-羟基丁酸酯和聚ε-己内酯的酯交换反应

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂 ,研究了聚 β 羟基丁酸酯 (PHB)与聚ε 己内酯 (PCL)在液相条件下的酯交换反应 .讨论了反应时间 ,反应温度和催化剂浓度对酯交换反应的影响 .采用1 3C NMR ,FTIR ,DSC ,WAXD和TGA等方法对PHB和PCL共聚酯 (PHB co PCL)的结构进行了表征 ,并对其结晶行为、晶体结构和热稳定性进行了研究 .结果表明 ,通过酯交换反应 ,所得到的共聚酯为嵌段共聚物 .提高反应温度和延长反应时间有利于酯交换反应的发生 .随着酯交换量的增加 ,PHB co PCL的结晶行为发生很大的变化 .但是 ,PHB co PCL晶体结构并没有因为PCL链段的引入而发生变化 ,而且它的热稳定性在空气气氛中略有提高

聚β-羟基丁酸酯接枝顺丁烯二酸酐的研究

采用自由基引发聚合方法研究了聚 β-羟基丁酸酯 ( PHB)与顺丁烯二酸酐 ( MA)的接枝反应 .讨论了各种因素 ,如溶剂种类、单体浓度、引发剂浓度、反应时间和温度等对接枝反应的影响 ,确定了合成 PHB接枝 MA的最佳反应条件 .采用对酸酐基团进行化学滴定和 1 3C NMR检测等方法对产物的接枝率和结构进行了表征 .结果表明 ,MA成功的接枝到 PHB大分子链上 ,接枝率可以控制在 0 .3%～ 0 .85%范围内.

取代茚基的茂金属Ti、Zr化合物的合成及其催化乙烯聚合活性

合成了 4种取代茚基均配及混配型的茂金属化合物 ( 1 -C6 H5 CH2 Ind) 2 MCl2 ( M=Ti( 1 ) ,Zr( 2 ) )、( 1 -C6 H5 CH2 Ind) Cp MCl2 ( M=Ti( 3) ,Zr( 4) ) .通过 IR、1 H NMR、EI-MS和元素分析对化合物进行了表征 .用所合成的茂金属化合物与 MAO所组成的催化体系 ,研究了乙烯的聚合 .发现金属为 Ti的催化剂没有聚合活性或活性极低 .金属为 Zr的催化剂有一定的催化活性 ,不同的催化剂得到的聚合物性质有一定的差异 .

Synthesis and Bioactivity of Novel Benzisothiazolone Derivatives as Potential Microbiocides

Novel microbiocides 2-(hydroxymethyl)benzo[d)isothiazol-3(2H)-one (7) and (3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2(3H)-yl)methyl benzencarboxylates (11a-c) were synthesized in good yields, and their structures were characterized by means of H-1 NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The new compounds were tested preliminarily in laboratory assays against the aquicolous bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphyloccus aurueus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Bacillus subtilis. The results show all the synthesized compounds have good antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of all the tested compounds against all test bacteria is >96.6% at the concentration of 10(-2) mg mL(-1). These compounds can be further developed for effective microbiocides in the future.

Methane dehydroaromatization over Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts: The reactivity of MoCx species formed from MoOx associated and non-associated with Bronsted acid sites

The catalytic performances of methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) under non-oxidative conditions over 6 wt.% Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts calcined for different durations of time at 773 K have been investigated in combination with ex situ H-1 MAS NMR characterization. Prolongation of the calcination time at 773 K is in favor of the diffusion of the Mo species on the external surface and the migration of Mo species into the channels, resulting in a further decrease in the number of Bronsted acid sites, while causing only a slight change in the Mo contents of the bulk and in the framework structure of the HZSM-5 zeolite. The MoQ(x) species associated and non-associated with the Bronsted acid sites can be estimated quantitatively based on the 1H MAS NMR measurements as well as on the assumption of a stoichiometry ratio of 1: 1 between the Mo species and the Bronsted acid sites. Calcining the 6 wt.% Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst at 773 K for 18 h can cause the MoOx species to associate with the Bronsted acid sites, while a 6 Wt-% MO/SiO2 sample can be taken as a catalyst in which all MoOx species are non-associated with the Bronsted acid sites. The TOF data at different times on stream on the 6 wt.% Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst calcined at 773 K for 18 h and on the 6 Wt-% MO/SiO2 catalyst reveal that the MoCx species formed from MoOx associated with the Bronsted acid sites are more active and stable than those formed from MoOx non-associated with the Bronsted acid sites. An analysis of the TPO profiles recorded on the used 6 wt.% Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts calcined for different durations of time combined with the TGA measurements also reveals that the more of the MoCx species formed from MoOx species associated with the Br6nsted acid sites, the lower the amount of coke that will be deposited on it. The decrease of the coke amount is mainly due to a decrease in the coke burnt-off at high temperature. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical characterization of oligosaccharides in the milk of six species of New and Old World monkeys.

Human and great ape milks contain a diverse array of milk oligosaccharides, but little is known about the milk oligosaccharides of other primates, and how they differ among taxa. Neutral and acidic oligosaccharides were isolated from the milk of three species of Old World or catarrhine monkeys (Cercopithecidae: rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), toque macaque (Macaca sinica) and Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas)) and three of New World or platyrrhine monkeys (Cebidae: tufted capuchin (Cebus apella) and Bolivian squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis); Atelidae: mantled howler (Alouatta palliata)). The milks of these species contained 6-8% total sugar, most of which was lactose: the estimated ratio of oligosaccharides to lactose in Old World monkeys (1:4 to 1:6) was greater than in New World monkeys (1:12 to 1:23). The chemical structures of the oligosaccharides were determined mainly by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. Oligosaccharides containing the type II unit (Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc) were found in the milk of the rhesus macaque, toque macaque, Hamadryas baboon and tufted capuchin, but oligosaccharides containing the type I unit (Gal(β1-3)GlcNAc), which have been found in human and many great ape milks, were absent from the milk of all species studied. Oligosaccharides containing Lewis x (Gal(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-3)]GlcNAc) and 3-fucosyl lactose (3-FL, Gal(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-3)]Glc) were found in the milk of the three cercopithecid monkey species, while 2-fucosyl lactose (5'-FL, Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)Glc) was absent from all species studied. All of these milks contained acidic oligosaccharides that had N-acetylneuraminic acid as part of their structures, but did not contain oligosaccharides that had N-glycolylneuraminic acid, in contrast to the milk or colostrum of great apes which contain both types of acidic oligosaccharides. Two GalNAc-containing oligosaccharides, lactose 3'-O-sulfate and lacto-N-novopentaose I (Gal(β1-3)[Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-6)]Gal(β1-4)Glc) were found only in the milk of rhesus macaque, hamadryas baboon and tufted capuchin, respectively. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which the milk oligosaccharide patterns observed among these taxa represent wider phylogenetic trends among primates and how much variation occurs among individuals or species.

Characterization of silica-supported dodecatungstic heteropolyacids as a function of their dehydroxylation temperature

Dodecatungsto-silicic H4SiW12O40 and -phosphoric acids H3PW12O40 were deposited on silica by a classical impregnation technique. The resulting materials were studied by in situ Raman and infrared spectroscopy, XPS and by solid-state H-1 MAS NMR as a function of their dehydroxylation temperature. The data show that in the case of H3PW12O40 three silanol groups are protonated while in the case of H4SiW12O40 at least one acidic proton remains. Upon heating this proton reacts leading to a disordered structure and a broadening of the W-O Raman bands.

A copper protein and a cytochrome bind at the same site on bacterial cytochrome c peroxidase

Biochemistry, 2004, 43 (46), pp 14566–14576 DOI: 10.1021/bi0485833

Genome-wide association study of metabolic traits reveals novel gene-metabolite-disease links.

Metabolic traits are molecular phenotypes that can drive clinical phenotypes and may predict disease progression. Here, we report results from a metabolome- and genome-wide association study on (1)H-NMR urine metabolic profiles. The study was conducted within an untargeted approach, employing a novel method for compound identification. From our discovery cohort of 835 Caucasian individuals who participated in the CoLaus study, we identified 139 suggestively significant (P<5×10(-8)) and independent associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and metabolome features. Fifty-six of these associations replicated in the TasteSensomics cohort, comprising 601 individuals from São Paulo of vastly diverse ethnic background. They correspond to eleven gene-metabolite associations, six of which had been previously identified in the urine metabolome and three in the serum metabolome. Our key novel findings are the associations of two SNPs with NMR spectral signatures pointing to fucose (rs492602, P = 6.9×10(-44)) and lysine (rs8101881, P = 1.2×10(-33)), respectively. Fine-mapping of the first locus pinpointed the FUT2 gene, which encodes a fucosyltransferase enzyme and has previously been associated with Crohn's disease. This implicates fucose as a potential prognostic disease marker, for which there is already published evidence from a mouse model. The second SNP lies within the SLC7A9 gene, rare mutations of which have been linked to severe kidney damage. The replication of previous associations and our new discoveries demonstrate the potential of untargeted metabolomics GWAS to robustly identify molecular disease markers.