Portrait of Hugo Pollak with wife Thekla Lichtenstadt Pollak and their children Hans Pollak and Zdenka (Mimi) Pollak seated outdoors Portraits Family

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Family portrait of the Gottschalk family; Hannover, Germany.

Front Row (l-r): Frau Steinfeld (mother of Elizabeth Gottschalk nee Steinfeld and Hela Steinfeld), Fritz Gottschalk, Karl Gottschalk, Henrietta Gottschalk nee Rothschild (mother of Fritz, Karl, Anna and Ernst), Anna Catsenstein nee Gottschalk (twin of Karl Gottschalk), and Elizabeth Gottschalk; Back Row (l-r): Hela Steinfeld (sister of Elizabeth Gottschalk nee Steinfeld), Therese Gottschalk nee Molling (wife of Fritz), Leo Catsenstein (husband of Anna), Elizabeth Gottschalk nee Steinfeld (wife of Karl), Ernst Gottschalk, and Henny Molling nee Meyerhof (mother of Therese Gottschalk nee Molling)

Reiss family portrait; (l-r) Olga, Herbert, Flora Lotte, Walter, Moritz and Kurt; Saaz, Czechoslovakia Portraits Family

Olga Reiss nee Kohn died 1950s; Herbert Reiss, 1905-circa 1980; Flora Lotte "Lola" Reiss, 1910-1995; Walter Reiss, 1908-1937; Moritz Reiss, 1876-1965; Kurt Reiss, 1906-1996

Strauss family portrait; Würzburg.

Seated front center is grandmother Ernestine Strauss nee Uhlfelder (died before 1914, second wife of Leopold (Laemmle) Strauss) surrounded by six grandchildren; Benno Strauss is standing far left

Portrait of brothers Moshe Chayim Eliasberg (on left) and Samuel Eliasberg playing chess watched by Moshe's son Mulek Eliasberg Portraits Family

Moshe Chayim Eliasberg died 1920; Samuel Eliasberg died 1929; Mulek Eliasberg, 1886-1942

Elizabeth Engel nee Benjamin-Rasmussen with her daughter Dorel Hall nee Engel in Elizabeth's home; Silver Springs, Maryland Portraits Family

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Within-family outliers: Segregating alleles or environmental effects? A linkage analysis of height from 5815 sibling pairs

Most information in linkage analysis for quantitative traits comes from pairs of relatives that are phenotypically most discordant or concordant. Confounding this, within-family outliers from non-genetic causes may create false positives and negatives. We investigated the influence of within-family outliers empirically, using one of the largest genome-wide linkage scans for height. The subjects were drawn from Australian twin cohorts consisting of 8447 individuals in 2861 families, providing a total of 5815 possible pairs of siblings in sibships. A variance component linkage analysis was performed, either including or excluding the within-family outliers. Using the entire dataset, the largest LOD scores were on chromosome 15q (LOD 2.3) and 11q (1.5). Excluding within-family outliers increased the LOD score for most regions, but the LOD score on chromosome 15 decreased from 2.3 to 1.2, suggesting that the outliers may create false negatives and false positives, although rare alleles of large effect may also be an explanation. Several regions suggestive of linkage to height were found after removing the outliers, including 1q23.1 (2.0), 3q22.1 (1.9) and 5q32 (2.3). We conclude that the investigation of the effect of within-family outliers, which is usually neglected, should be a standard quality control measure in linkage analysis for complex traits and may reduce the noise for the search of common variants of modest effect size as well as help identify rare variants of large effect and clinical significance. We suggest that the effect of within-family outliers deserves further investigation via theoretical and simulation studies.

Portrait of Hugo Pollak with wife Thekla Lichtenstadt Pollak and their children Hans Pollak and Zdenka (Mimi) Pollak seated outdoors Portraits Family

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Dining room; Mosse family residence; Berlin Architecture; Residences; Interior

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Dressing room, door open into bedroom; Mosse family residence; Berlin Architecture; Residences; Interior

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Rabb Family/Stop & Shop collection, 1912-1989.

The Rabinovitz/Rabb family arrived in Boston from Russia in the 1890s. Around 1914 they founded Economy Grocery Stores, which became Stop & Shop in 1946. In addition to building their grocery company into a successful business, the family is known for its philanthropy and active involvement in the Jewish community. The collection contains materials relating to the Rabb family and to the business operations of Stop & Shop until 1989. The materials in this collection include historical sketches, newspaper clippings, press releases, correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, advertisements, certificates, speeches, interviews, films, and photographs.

Beradt Family Collection 1850-1956

Documents related to Ulla Brode, née Beradt and her family.

Free and ATP-bound structures of Ap(4)A hydrolase from Aquifex aeolicus V5

Asymmetric diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap(4)A) hydrolases degrade the metabolite Ap(4)A back into ATP and AMP. The three-dimensional crystal structure of Ap(4)A hydrolase (16 kDa) from Aquifex aeolicus has been determined in free and ATP-bound forms at 1.8 and 1.95 angstrom resolution, respectively. The overall three-dimensional crystal structure of the enzyme shows an alpha beta alpha-sandwich architecture with a characteristic loop adjacent to the catalytic site of the protein molecule. The ATP molecule is bound in the primary active site and the adenine moiety of the nucleotide binds in a ring-stacking arrangement equivalent to that observed in the X-ray structure of Ap(4)A hydrolase from Caenorhabditis elegans. Binding of ATP in the active site induces local conformational changes which may have important implications in the mechanism of substrate recognition in this class of enzymes. Furthermore, two invariant water molecules have been identified and their possible structural and/or functional roles are discussed. In addition, modelling of the substrate molecule at the primary active site of the enzyme suggests a possible path for entry and/or exit of the substrate and/or product molecule.

Does gender moderate the relationship between polydrug use and sexual risk-taking among Australian secondary school students under 16 years of age?

Introduction and Aims This study examines the association of alcohol and polydrug use with risky sexual behaviour in adolescents under 16 years of age and if this association differs by gender. Design and Methods The sample consisted of 5412 secondary school students under 16 years of age from Victoria, Australia. Participants completed an anonymous and confidential survey during class time. The key measures were having had sex before legal age of consent (16 years), unprotected sex before 16 (no condom) and latent-class derived alcohol and polydrug use variables based on alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, inhalants and other illegal drug use in the past month. Results There were 7.52% and 2.55% of adolescents who reported having sex and having unprotected sex before 16 years of age, respectively. After adjusting for antisocial behaviours, peers' drug use and family and school risk factors, girls were less likely to have unprotected sex (odds ratio = 0.31, P = 0.003). However, the interaction of being female and polydrug use (odds ratio = 4.52, P = 0.004) was significant, indicating that girls who engaged in polydrug use were at higher risk of having unprotected sex. For boys, the effect of polydrug use was non-significant (odds ratio = 1.44, P = 0.310). Discussion and Conclusions For girls, polydrug use was significantly associated with unprotected sex after adjusting for a range of risk factors, and this relationship was non-significant for boys. Future prevention programs for adolescent risky sexual behaviour and polydrug use might benefit from a tailored approach to gender differences.

Confirmation of linkage and refinement of the RP28 locus for autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa on chromosome 2p14-p15 in an Indian family

PURPOSE: To report the linkage analysis of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in an Indian family. METHODS: Individuals were examined for symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa and their blood samples were withdrawn for genetic analysis. The disorder was tested for linkage to known 14 adRP and 22 arRP loci using microsatellite markers. RESULTS: Seventeen individuals including seven affecteds participated in the study. All affected individuals had typical RP. The age of onset of the disease ranged from 8-18 years. The disorder in this family segregated either as an autosomal recessive trait with pseudodominance or an autosomal dominant trait. Linkage to an autosomal recessive locus RP28 on chromosome 2p14-p15 was positive with a maximum two-point lod score of 3.96 at theta=0 for D2S380. All affected individuals were homozygous for alleles at D2S2320, D2S2397, D2S380, and D2S136. Recombination events placed the minimum critical region (MCR) for the RP28 gene in a 1.06 cM region between D2S2225 and D2S296. CONCLUSIONS : The present data confirmed linkage of arRP to the RP28 locus in a second Indian family. The RP28 locus was previously mapped to a 16 cM region between D2S1337 and D2S286 in a single Indian family. Haplotype analysis in this family has further narrowed the MCR for the RP28 locus to a 1.06 cM region between D2S2225 and D2S296. Of 15 genes reported in the MCR, 14 genes (KIAA0903, OTX1, MDH1, UGP2, VPS54, PELI1, HSPC159, FLJ20080, TRIP-Br2, SLC1A4, KIAA0582, RAB1A, ACTR2, and SPRED2) are either expressed in the eye or retina. Further study needs to be done to test which of these genes is mutated in patients with RP linked to the RP28 locus.