Moving on. Where should the university map collection be going?

This paper argues for the importance of retaining a map library presence on UK university campuses at a time when many are under threat of closure, and access to geospatial data is increasingly moving to web-based services. It is suggested that the need for local expertise is undiminished and map curators need to redefine themselves as geoinformation specialists, preserving their paper map collections, but also meeting some of the challenges of GIS, and contributing to national developments in the construction of distributed geolibraries and the provision of metadata, especially with regard to local data sets.

Mapas topográficos: metadados e as regras de catalogação para o acesso eficiente à informação geográfica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Integration of QUAL2Kw and ArcGIS for Silver Bow Creek, Montana

The purpose of this project is to take preliminary steps towards the development of a QUAL2Kw model for Silver Bow Creek, MT. These preliminary steps include initial research and familiarization with QUAL2Kw, use of ArcGIS to fill in geospatial data gaps, and integration of QUAL2Kw and ArcGIS. The integration involves improvement of the QUAL2Kw model output through adding functionality to the model itself, and development of a QUAL2Kw specific tool in ArcGIS. These improvements are designed to help expedite and simplify the viewing of QUAL2Kw output data spatially in ArcGIS as opposed to graphically within QUAL2Kw. These improvements will allow users to quickly and easily view the many output parameters of each model run geographically within ArcGIS. This will make locating potential problem areas or “hot spots” much quicker and easier than interpreting the QUAL2Kw output data from a graph alone. The added functionality of QUAL2KW was achieved through the development of an excel Macro, and the tool in ArcGIS was developed using python scripting and the model builder feature in ArcGIS.

The geography of large-scale land acquisitions: Analysing socio-ecological patterns of target contexts in the global South

This paper analyses local geographical contexts targeted by transnational large-scale land acquisitions (>200 ha per deal) in order to understand how emerging patterns of socio-ecological characteristics can be related to processes of large-scale foreign investment in land. Using a sample of 139 land deals georeferenced with high spatial accuracy, we first analyse their target contexts in terms of land cover, population density, accessibility, and indicators for agricultural potential. Three distinct patterns emerge from the analysis: densely populated and easily accessible croplands (35% of land deals); remote forestlands with lower population densities (34% of land deals); and moderately populated and moderately accessible shrub- or grasslands (26% of land deals). These patterns are consistent with processes described in the relevant case study literature, and they each involve distinct types of stakeholders and associated competition over land. We then repeat the often-cited analysis that postulates a link between land investments and target countries with abundant so-called “idle” or “marginal” lands as measured by yield gap and available suitable but uncultivated land; our methods differ from the earlier approach, however, in that we examine local context (10-km radius) rather than countries as a whole. The results show that earlier findings are disputable in terms of concepts, methods, and contents. Further, we reflect on methodologies for exploring linkages between socioecological patterns and land investment processes. Improving and enhancing large datasets of georeferenced land deals is an important next step; at the same time, careful choice of the spatial scale of analysis is crucial for ensuring compatibility between the spatial accuracy of land deal locations and the resolution of available geospatial data layers. Finally, we argue that new approaches and methods must be developed to empirically link socio-ecological patterns in target contexts to key determinants of land investment processes. This would help to improve the validity and the reach of our findings as an input for evidence-informed policy debates.

Metadata Visualization of Cultural Heritage Information within a Collaborative Environment

Cultural content on the Web is available in various domains (cultural objects, datasets, geospatial data, moving images, scholarly texts and visual resources), concerns various topics, is written in different languages, targeted to both laymen and experts, and provided by different communities (libraries, archives museums and information industry) and individuals (Figure 1). The integration of information technologies and cultural heritage content on the Web is expected to have an impact on everyday life from the point of view of institutions, communities and individuals. In particular, collaborative environment scan recreate 3D navigable worlds that can offer new insights into our cultural heritage (Chan 2007). However, the main barrier is to find and relate cultural heritage information by end-users of cultural contents, as well as by organisations and communities managing and producing them. In this paper, we explore several visualisation techniques for supporting cultural interfaces, where the role of metadata is essential for supporting the search and communication among end-users (Figure 2). A conceptual framework was developed to integrate the data, purpose, technology, impact, and form components of a collaborative environment, Our preliminary results show that collaborative environments can help with cultural heritage information sharing and communication tasks because of the way in which they provide a visual context to end-users. They can be regarded as distributed virtual reality systems that offer graphically realised, potentially infinite, digital information landscapes. Moreover, collaborative environments also provide a new way of interaction between an end-user and a cultural heritage data set. Finally, the visualisation of metadata of a dataset plays an important role in helping end-users in their search for heritage contents on the Web.

Integración de modelos numéricos de glaciares y procesado de datos de georradar en un sistema de información geográfica

Los modelos de termomecánica glaciar están definidos mediante sistemas de ecuaciones en derivadas parciales que establecen los principios básicos de conservación de masa, momento lineal y energía, acompañados por una ley constitutiva que define la relación entre las tensiones a las que está sometido el hielo glaciar y las deformaciones resultantes de las mismas. La resolución de estas ecuaciones requiere la definición precisa del dominio (la geometría del glaciar, obtenido a partir de medidas topográficas y de georradar), así como contar con un conjunto de condiciones de contorno, que se obtienen a partir de medidas de campo de las variables implicadas y que constituyen un conjunto de datos geoespaciales. El objetivo fundamental de esta tesis es desarrollar una serie de herramientas que nos permitan definir con precisión la geometría del glaciar y disponer de un conjunto adecuado de valores de las variables a utilizar como condiciones de contorno del problema. Para ello, en esta tesis se aborda la recopilación, la integración y el estudio de los datos geoespaciales existentes para la Península Hurd, en la Isla Livingston (Antártida), generados desde el año 1957 hasta la actualidad, en un sistema de información geográfica. Del correcto tratamiento y procesamiento de estos datos se obtienen otra serie de elementos que nos permiten realizar la simulación numérica del régimen termomecánico presente de los glaciares de Península Hurd, así como su evolución futura. Con este objetivo se desarrolla en primer lugar un inventario completo de datos geoespaciales y se realiza un procesado de los datos capturados en campo, para establecer un sistema de referencia común a todos ellos. Se unifican además todos los datos bajo un mismo formato estándar de almacenamiento e intercambio de información, generándose los metadatos correspondientes. Se desarrollan asimismo técnicas para la mejora de los procedimientos de captura y procesado de los datos, de forma que se minimicen los errores y se disponga de estimaciones fiables de los mismos. El hecho de que toda la información se integre en un sistema de información geográfica (una vez producida la normalización e inventariado de la misma) permite su consulta rápida y ágil por terceros. Además, hace posible efectuar sobre ella una serie de operaciones conducentes a la obtención de nuevas capas de información. El análisis de estos nuevos datos permite explicar el comportamiento pasado de los glaciares objeto de estudio y proporciona elementos esenciales para la simulación de su comportamiento futuro. ABSTRACT Glacier thermo-mechanical models are defined by systems of partial differential equations stating the basic principles of conservation of mass, momentum and energy, accompanied by a constitutive principle that defines the relationship between the stresses acting on the ice and the resulting deformations. The solution of these equations requires an accurate definition of the model domain (the geometry of the glacier, obtained from topographical and ground penetrating radar measurements), as well as a set of boundary conditions, which are obtained from measurements of the variables involved and define a set of geospatial data. The main objective of this thesis is to develop tools able to provide an accurate definition of the glacier geometry and getting a proper set of values for the variables to be used as boundary conditions of our problem. With the above aim, this thesis focuses on the collection, compilation and study of the geospatial data existing for the Hurd Peninsula on Livingston Island, Antarctica, generated since 1957 to present, into a geographic information system. The correct handling and processing of these data results on a new collection of elements that allow us to numerically model the present state and the future evolution of Hurd Peninsula glaciers. First, a complete inventory of geospatial data is developed and the captured data are processed, with the aim of establishing a reference system common to all collections of data. All data are stored under a common standard format, and the corresponding metadata are generated to facilitate the information exchange. We also develop techniques for the improvement of the procedures used for capturing and processing the data, such that the errors are minimized and better estimated. All information is integrated into a geographic information system (once produced the standardization and inventory of it). This allows easy and fast viewing and consulting of the data by third parties. Also, it is possible to carry out a series of operations leading to the production of new layers of information. The analysis of these new data allows to explain past glacier behavior, and provides essential elements for explaining its future evolution.

Interpretation of the relationship between benthic fauna, geologic distributions, and methane seeps at Southern Hydrate Ridge, Oregon continental margin

Senior thesis written for Oceanography 445

Probabilistic uncertainty in an interoperable framework

This thesis provides an interoperable language for quantifying uncertainty using probability theory. A general introduction to interoperability and uncertainty is given, with particular emphasis on the geospatial domain. Existing interoperable standards used within the geospatial sciences are reviewed, including Geography Markup Language (GML), Observations and Measurements (O&M) and the Web Processing Service (WPS) specifications. The importance of uncertainty in geospatial data is identified and probability theory is examined as a mechanism for quantifying these uncertainties. The Uncertainty Markup Language (UncertML) is presented as a solution to the lack of an interoperable standard for quantifying uncertainty. UncertML is capable of describing uncertainty using statistics, probability distributions or a series of realisations. The capabilities of UncertML are demonstrated through a series of XML examples. This thesis then provides a series of example use cases where UncertML is integrated with existing standards in a variety of applications. The Sensor Observation Service - a service for querying and retrieving sensor-observed data - is extended to provide a standardised method for quantifying the inherent uncertainties in sensor observations. The INTAMAP project demonstrates how UncertML can be used to aid uncertainty propagation using a WPS by allowing UncertML as input and output data. The flexibility of UncertML is demonstrated with an extension to the GML geometry schemas to allow positional uncertainty to be quantified. Further applications and developments of UncertML are discussed.

UncertML: an XML schema for exchanging uncertainty

Authors from Burrough (1992) to Heuvelink et al. (2007) have highlighted the importance of GIS frameworks which can handle incomplete knowledge in data inputs, in decision rules and in the geometries and attributes modelled. It is particularly important for this uncertainty to be characterised and quantified when GI data is used for spatial decision making. Despite a substantial and valuable literature on means of representing and encoding uncertainty and its propagation in GI (e.g.,Hunter and Goodchild 1993; Duckham et al. 2001; Couclelis 2003), no framework yet exists to describe and communicate uncertainty in an interoperable way. This limits the usability of Internet resources of geospatial data, which are ever-increasing, based on specifications that provide frameworks for the ‘GeoWeb’ (Botts and Robin 2007; Cox 2006). In this paper we present UncertML, an XML schema which provides a framework for describing uncertainty as it propagates through many applications, including online risk management chains. This uncertainty description ranges from simple summary statistics (e.g., mean and variance) to complex representations such as parametric, multivariate distributions at each point of a regular grid. The philosophy adopted in UncertML is that all data values are inherently uncertain, (i.e., they are random variables, rather than values with defined quality metadata).

Rubric-Q:adding quality-related elements to the GEOSS clearinghouse datasets

Geospatial data have become a crucial input for the scientific community for understanding the environment and developing environmental management policies. The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) Clearinghouse is a catalogue and search engine that provides access to the Earth Observation metadata. However, metadata are often not easily understood by users, especially when presented in ISO XML encoding. Data quality included in the metadata is basic for users to select datasets suitable for them. This work aims to help users to understand the quality information held in metadata records and to provide the results to geospatial users in an understandable and comparable way. Thus, we have developed an enhanced tool (Rubric-Q) for visually assessing the metadata quality information and quantifying the degree of metadata population. Rubric-Q is an extension of a previous NOAA Rubric tool used as a metadata training and improvement instrument. The paper also presents a thorough assessment of the quality information by applying the Rubric-Q to all dataset metadata records available in the GEOSS Clearinghouse. The results reveal that just 8.7% of the datasets have some quality element described in the metadata, 63.4% have some lineage element documented, and merely 1.2% has some usage element described. © 2013 IEEE.

MIUS News: Maps and Imagery User Services @ FIU Green Library: Vol. 1, Issue 1 2007

Fall 2007 Newsletter for FIU's Maps and Imagery User Services department.

MUIS News: Maps and User Imagery Services @ FIU Green Library Vol. 2, Issue 1 2008

Florida International University's Fall 2008 Map and User Imagery Services Newsletter.