SELECTED CHARACTER PIECES OF FRÉDÉRIC CHOPIN (1810-1849), FRANZ LISZT (1811-1886) AND JOHANNES BRAHMS (1833-1897)

During the 19th century, Frédéric Chopin (1810-1849), Franz Liszt (1811- 1886), and Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) were among the most recognized composers of character pieces. Their compositions have been considered a significant milestone in piano literature. Frédéric Chopin (1810-1849) did not give descriptive titles to his character pieces. He grouped them into several genres such as Mazurkas, Polonaises. His Mazurkas and Polonaises are influenced by Polish dance music and inspired by the polish national idiom. Franz Liszt (1811-1886) was influenced in many ways by Chopin, and adopted Chopin’s lyricism, melodic style, and tempo rubato. However, Liszt frequently drew on non-musical subjects (e.g., art, literature) for inspiration. “Harmonies poétiques et religieuses” and “Années de pèlerinage” are especially representative of character pieces in which poetic and pictorial imagination are reflected. Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) was a conservative traditionalist, synthesizing Romantic expression and Classical tradition remarkably well. Like Chopin, Brahms avoided using programmatic titles for his works. The titles of Brahms’ short character pieces are often taken from traditional lyrical or dramatic genres such as ballade, rhapsody and scherzo. Because of his conservatism, Brahms was considered the main rival of Liszt in the Romantic Period. Brahms character pieces in his third period (e.g., Scherzo Op.4, Ballades of Op.10, and Rhapsodies of Op.79) are concise and focused. The form of Brahms’ character pieces is mostly simple ternary (ABA), and his style is introspective and lyrical. Through this recording project, I was able to get a better understanding of the styles of Chopin, Brahms and Liszt through their character pieces. This recording dissertation consists of two CDs recorded in the Dekelboum Concert Hall at the University of Maryland, College Park. These recordings are documented on compact disc recordings that are housed within the University of Maryland Library System.

Echolocation signal structure in the Megachiropteran bat Rousettus aegyptiacus Geoffroy 1810

Rousettus aegyptiacus Geoffroy 1810 is a member of the only genus of Megachiropteran bats to use vocal echolocation, but the structure of its brief, click-like signal is poorly described. Although thought to have a simple echolocation system compared to that of Microchiroptera, R. aegyptiacus is capable of good obstacle avoidance using its impulse sonar. The energy content of the signal was at least an order of magnitude smaller than in Microchiropteran bats and dolphins (approximately 4 X 10(-8) J m(-2)). Measurement of the duration, amplitude and peak frequency demonstrate that the signals of this animal are broadly similar in structure and duration to those of dolphins. Gabor functions were used to model signals and to estimate signal parameters, and the quality of the Gabor function fit to the early part of the signal demonstrates that the echolocation signals of R. aegyptiacus match the minimum spectral spread for their duration and amplitude and are thus well matched to its best hearing sensitivity. However, the low energy content of the signals and short duration should make returning echoes difficult to detect. The performance of R. aegyptincus in obstacle avoidance experiments using echolocation therefore remains something of a conundrum.

An anthropometric history of the World, 1810-1980: did migration and globalization influence country trends?

We find that regional height levels around the world were fairly uniform throughout most of the 19th century, with two exceptions: above-average levels in Anglo-Saxon settlement regions and below-average levels in Southeast Asia. After 1880, substantial diver- gences began to differentiate other regions -- making the world population taller, but more unequal. During the late 19th century and 20th century, heights between world regions devi- ated significantly, when incomes also became very unequal. Interestingly, during the “breaking point period” between the two regimes, heights declined significantly in the cattle-rich New World countries, whereas they started to increase in Old Europe. We discuss in this study whether immigration was a core factor to influence the height decline in the “Anthropometric Decline of the Cowboy and Gaucho Empires”.

Hanna, John Connor (1871-1947)

Profile and biography entry of John Connor Hanna, early film censor

Sobrevivência e crescimento de juvenis de cavalos-marinhos (Hippocampus sp.): caso de estudo: Hippocampus erectus (Perry, 1810)

Dissertação de mest., Ciências, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Univ. do Algarve, 2009

Annual message of his excellency Robert K. Scott, Governor of South Carolina, to the General Assembly, at the regular session, commencing November 28, 1871

This speech was delivered to by the Governor to give the general assembly information of the condition of the state and give them recommendations to consider measures that the Governor deems necessary or expedient. He provides the information regarding the state debt, taxes, and bonded debt. He describes the financial agent of the state as well as the expenditures of the state government.

José de Figueiredo, 1871-1937. Acção e contributos no panorama historiográfico, museológico e patrimonialista em Portugal

Estruturado sob a influência dos modelos de “vida e obra” próprios da narrativa biográfica, este trabalho assume uma abordagem metodológica de compromisso entre a fixação da cronologia do percurso de José de Figueiredo e o desenvolvimento de uma reflexão sobre o seu papel nas áreas em que se destacou. Numa primeira parte são contextualizados e analisados as suas origens familiares, o seu percurso formativo em Coimbra, os anos de formação artística informal que teve em Paris no final de oitocentos e o seu processo de integração na sociedade erudita lisboeta do início do século XX. De seguida é apresentada uma análise das várias áreas da sua atuação no panorama cultural português: a sua integração na Academia Real de Belas- Artes de Lisboa, num período de afirmação do seu nome enquanto especialista em “assuntos de arte”; o seu papel na campanha de estudo, restauro e divulgação dos painéis de S. Vicente; as suas ideias e contribuições na definição da legislação artística e patrimonial portuguesa, nos diversos contextos político-sociais que integrou; a sua atividade como crítico e historiador de arte, num período marcado pelas narrativas nacionalistas e pelo desenvolvimento da História da Arte enquanto área disciplinar autónoma; o seu papel na divulgação da arte portuguesa, dentro e fora do país; e a sua ação no âmbito da museologia da arte em Portugal, destacando-se a identificação das suas ideias e influências no contexto europeu e a leitura descritiva e crítica da atividade desenvolvida ao longo dos 26 anos em que dirigiu o Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga. Propõe-se assim um balanço crítico das ações e contribuições desta personalidade no panorama cultural português, bem como do seu enquadramento na cultura Europeia. É ainda apresentada uma reflexão sobre a criação do “mito José de Figueiredo”, que se verifica ser fruto de três fatores que se interrelacionam: a sua ambição pessoal, marcada por uma enérgica vontade de singrar e de deixar uma marca na cultura portuguesa; o seu forte carisma, alimentado estrategicamente através da gestão eficaz da sua imagem pública; e os contextos que o acolheram e que simultaneamente estimularam o seu trabalho, proporcionando-lhe recursos materiais e humanos que geriu com sucesso, dentro e fora das instituições a que pertenceu.