985 resultados para Gas tungsten arc welding.


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Nesse trabalho estudou-se a viabilidade operacional e as características econômicas e geométrica da técnica do processo de soldagem GMAW-CW (alimentação adicional de um arame frio) em comparação Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). O sistema de alimentação de arame frio foi projetado e adaptado a pistola de soldagem MIG/MAG. Utilizou-se uma fonte eletrônica de múltiplos processos ajustada em tensão constante e CC+, a proteção gasosa foi uma mistura 75%Ar+25%CO2 e CO2 comercialmente puro. O arame utilizado foi o da classe ER70S-6 com diametro de 1,2 mm para o arame eletrodo e 1,0 mm para o arame frio, os dois arames foram alimentados em cabeçotes independentes. As variáveis operacionais de entrada foram: a velocidade de alimentação de arame energizado, em três níveis, 4, 6 e 8 m/min e a velocidade de alimentação do arame frio em 50%, 60% e 70% da velocidade de alimentação do arame energizado. As soldagens foram automatizadas em simples deposição no sentido empurrando e o posicionamento do arame frio, em um único nível, Tandem em chanfro em “U” de chapas de aço ASTM 1020. As variáveis de resposta utilizadas foram: inspeção superficial dos cordões; análise da geometria (largura, penetração, reforço e diluição) da solda e econômicas (taxa de fusão, taxa de deposição, rendimento e custo operacional). Os resultados indicaram que para a análise superficial, com o uso do gás Ar25%CO2 a superfície dos cordões mostraram-se mais homogêneas em relação ao CO2 e com menor índice de salpicagem, para a análise das características econômicas, o processo GMAW-CW sempre foi superior ao processo convencional, quanto aos custos operacionais o processo convencional mostrou-se menor, porém não houve o preenchimento do chanfro, o que ocorreu com a utilização do processo GMAW-CW.

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This study compared the tensile strength and fracture mechanism of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welds in cylindrical rods of commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) with those of laser welds and intact samples. Thirty dumbbell-shaped samples were developed by using brass rods as patterns. The samples were invested in casings, subjected to thermal cycles, and positioned in a plasma arc welding machine under argon atmosphere and vacuum, and titanium was injected under vacuum/pressure. The samples were X-rayed to detect possible welding flaws and randomly assigned to three groups to test the tensile strength and the fracture mechanism: intact, laser welding, and TIG welding. The tensile test results were investigated using ANOVA, which indicated that the samples were statistically similar. The fracture analysis showed that the cpTi samples subjected to laser welding exhibited brittle fracture and those subjected to TIG welding exhibited mixed brittle/ductile fracture with a predominance of ductile fracture with the presence of microcavities and cleavage areas. Intact samples presented the characteristic straightening in the fracture areas, indicating the ductility of the material.

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The present study is focused on the characterization of ultrafine particles emitted in welding of steel using mixtures of Ar+CO2, and intends to analyze which are the main process parameters which may have influence on the emission itself. It was found that the amount of emitted ultrafine particles (measured by particle number and alveolar deposited surface area) are clearly dependent from the distance to the welding front and also from the main welding parameters, namely the current intensity and heat input in the welding process. The emission of airborne ultrafine particles seem to increase with the current intensity as fume formation rate does. When comparing the tested gas mixtures, higher emissions are observed for more oxidant mixtures, that is, mixtures with higher CO2 content, which result in higher arc stability. The later mixtures originate higher concentrations of ultrafine particles (as measured by number of particles by cm3 of air) and higher values of alveolar deposited surface area of particles, thus resulting in a more hazardous condition regarding worker's exposure. © 2014 Sociedade Portuguesa de Materiais (SPM). Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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In the last few years there has been much discussion as to the relative merits or arc welded joints as compared to riveted joints. There is an old precedent which must be removed before arc welding will come into its own. The purpose of this paper is to help establish confidence in this process of fabrication with special regard to strength and reliability.

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Pouco se sabe a respeito das consequências da operação de reparo nas propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas das juntas do aço ASTM A335 grau P91 soldadas por Arame Tubular. Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo para analisar e caracterizar juntas de um tubo do aço P91 soldadas pelo processo Arame Tubular com proteção gasosa, antes e após situação de duplo reparo. Foram utilizadas técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), análise química semiquantitativa por EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy), microscopia óptica (MO), além da obtenção de medidas de microdureza Vickers e realização de ensaios de impacto e tração à temperatura ambiente. A macrografia revelou a existência de uma nova zona termicamente afetada formada no centro da junta reparada e a análise micrográfica mostrou que esta zona apresentou uma pequena tendência a formação de grãos menores do que na zona de fusão que sofreu reparo, além disso, a região tinha grãos colunares que não são característicos de uma zona termicamente afetada e quantidade de carbonetos menor comparativamente. Não houve variações significativas nos valores de tração e microdureza. Os ensaios de impacto revelaram baixos valores de energia absorvida na zona de fusão do 2 reparo, no entanto, todas as outras zonas avaliadas das juntas com e sem reparo apresentaram valores dentro das especificações.

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This paper, a 2-D non-linear electric arc-welding problem is considered. It is assumed that the moving arc generates an unknown quantity of energy which makes the problem an inverse problem with an unknown source. Robust algorithms to solve such problems e#ciently, and in certain circumstances in real-time, are of great technological and industrial interest. There are other types of inverse problems which involve inverse determination of heat conductivity or material properties [CDJ63][TE98], inverse problems in material cutting [ILPP98], and retrieval of parameters containing discontinuities [IK90]. As in the metal cutting problem, the temperature of a very hot surface is required and it relies on the use of thermocouples. Here, the solution scheme requires temperature measurements lied in the neighbourhood of the weld line in order to retrieve the unknown heat source. The size of this neighbourhood is not considered in this paper, but rather a domain decomposition concept is presented and an examination of the accuracy of the retrieved source are presented. This paper is organised as follows. The inverse problem is formulated and a method for the source retrieval is presented in the second section. The source retrieval method is based on an extension of the 1-D source retrieval method as proposed in [ILP].

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Welding of high strength and low weight materials like Aluminium Alloys without any defects by conventional welding techniques is a major challenge in industries. Hence research on solid state welding techniques like Friction stir welding and Friction welding techniques have got much importance in joining of Aluminium alloys. However most of the industries are not changing conventional techniques as skilled workers are available on that area. Most common conventional welding techniques used for joining of Aluminium alloys are Gas welding and Arc welding. Friction welding is a solid-state welding process that generates heat through mechanical friction between a moving and a stationary component with the addition of a lateral force called “upset” to plast ically displace and fuse the materials. In this work, experimental study on tensile and micro structural characteristics of welded joints formed from conventional welding techniques and Rotary friction welding(suitable for weld specimens with circular cross section) has been carried out and the same were compared. The process parameters for arc welding used was 50-70 Amp reverse polarity DC and electrodes of 2.3mm diameter. In Gas welding, the parameters were oxy acetylene neural flame at 3200°C and 3mm electrodes . In the case of friction welding an axial pressure loading of 3Mpa with 5 MPa as upsetting pressure and 500 rpm were used to obtain good welded joints. Tensile characteristic studies of Arc welded joints and Gas welded joints showed 48% and 60 % variations respectively from the maximum load bearing characteristics of parent metal. In the case of friction welded joint, the variation was found to 46%. Micro structural evaluation of conventionally welded joints exhibited clear distinct zones of various weld regions. In the case of friction welded joint micro structural photographs showed comparable features both in parent metal and welded region. Thus the tensile characteristic study and microstructure evaluations proved that friction welded joints are good in both aspects compared to conventionally welded joints.

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O maior objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos da composição dos fluxos para arco submerso sobre algumas importantes características de um metal de solda ferrítico, como composição química, microestrutura, propriedades mecânicas e geometria do cordão. Para realizar tal pesquisa, vinte oito fluxos aglomerados foram elaborados de compostos de pureza comercial e utilizados em soldagens ao aorco submerso, mantendo constante todas as demais condições de soldagem. Houve uma notável influência da composição química e do índice de basicidade dos fluxos sobre os níveis de oxig~enio, silício e manganês do metal de solda. Um modelo termodinâmico, baseado no conceito de potencial de oxigênio, foi proposto para explicar as reações gás-meta-escória ocorrendo durante a soldagem. Este modelo mostrou-se usável para as reações entre silício, oxigênio e carbono, permitindo um melhor entendimento das mesmas. A composição química do metal de solda pôde ser relacionada a sua microestrutura, através de metalografia quantitativa. Foi observado que oxigênio, silício, manganês e titânio têm grande influência sobre ela. A fase mais tenaz encontrada foi a ferrita acicular. A respeito da geometria do cordão, a sílica mostrou o efeito mais forte, com os outros compostos influenciando somente o acabamento do cordão soldado.

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The conventional radiographic technique using industrial radiographic films is with the days finishing. The Digital Radiography is taking place in several sectors, e.g., the medical, aerospace, security, automotive, etc. In addition to representing a technological trend, it has been demonstrated that digital radiography offers a series of benefits in terms of productivity, sensitivity, environmental aspects, image treatment tools, cost reduction, etc. If one weld seam to be inspected is from a serried product, as example a pipe, the best option to be implemented is the Flat Panel Detector with this equipment is possible to reduce the obtaining digital radiographic images in place of films and reducing the inspection cycle time due to its high degree of automation. In the experiments described in this paper this new technique was tested and the results were compared with those obtained by the conventional radiography. The welded specimens were prepared using the submerged-arc welding process and small artificial cracks of the most varied dimensions, present in the specimens, were used to establish a comparison of the sensitivities presented by the techniques employed After conducting several experiments, the digital method presented the highest sensitivity to the wire-type Image Quality Indicator (IQI) and in the detection of small defects, leading to the conclusion that the use of digital radiography using the flat-panel detector offers advantages over the conventional technique [1, 2]. This work was carried out based on the API 5L Edition 2004 [3] and ISO 3183 Edition 2007 [4] specifications.

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Postweld heat treatment (PWHT) is frequently applied to steel pressure vessels, following the requirements of the ASME code (section VIII), which establishes the parameters of the PWHT based on the thickness and chemical composition of the welded section. This work shows the results of an analysis undertaken on a sample of ASTM A537 C1 steel subjected to qualifying welding procedure tests including PWHT (650 degreesC/5 h), the results obtained showed that this PWHT practice promoted a reduction in the mechanical properties of the base metal and the heat-affected zone (HAZ).

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)