Maintenance of syntenic groups between Cathartidae and Gallus gallus indicates symplesiomorphic karyotypes in new world vultures

Similarities between New World and Old World vultures have been interpreted to reflect a close relationship and to suggest the inclusion of both in Accipitridae (Falconiformes). However, deeper analyses indicated that the placement of the New World vultures (cathartids) in this Order is uncertain. Chromosome analysis has shown that cathartids retained a karyotype similar to the putative avian ancestor. In order to verify the occurrence of intrachromosomal rearrangements in cathartids, we hybridized whole chromosome probes of two species (Gallus gallus and Leucopternis albicollis) onto metaphases of Cathartes aura. The results showed that not only were the syntenic groups conserved between Gallus and C. aura, but probably also the general gene order, suggesting that New World vultures share chromosomal symplesiomorphies with most bird lineages.

Caracterização molecular dos vírus do grupo Gamboa (Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) isolados nas américas e infecção experimental em pintos (Gallus gallus domesticus) com o vírus Gamboa cepa Be AN 439546

Poucas informações estão disponíveis até o momento sobre os vírus do sorogrupo Gamboa (Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus), desta forma, foi realizado, neste trabalho, estudo filogenético dos membros do sorogrupo Gamboa entre si e com outros orthobunyavírus ao nível gene Gn (M-RNA), além de infecção experimental em pintos recém nascidos da espécie Gallus gallus domesticus com a cepa Be AN 439546 do Vírus Gamboa (VGAM), e estudo sorológico em aves, outros animais silvestres e humanos de Tucuruí – Pará. A análise filogenética dos vírus do sorogrupo Gamboa demonstrou que esses vírus são geneticamente mais relacionados com membros do grupo Turlock e menos com os do grupo Simbu, e foram distribuídos em dois clados distintos (I e II), que estão de acordo com a atual classificação sorológica, de modo que o clado I inclui o complexo Gamboa e o clado II o complexo Alajuela. A cepa Be AN 439546 do VGAM apresentou tropismo pelo pulmão e fígado de pintos recém nascidos experimentalmente infectados, sendo a replicação viral nesses órgãos confirmada por imunohistoquímica, o que demonstra que o VGAM replica-se nessa ave. A detecção de anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação contra o VGAM e a confirmação por teste de neutralização em plasma de aves silvestres reforça a hipótese de que esses animais constituem o principal hospedeiro de amplificação no ciclo de manutenção do VGAM. Estudos moleculares do genoma completo dos vírus do sorogrupo Gamboa, assim como sobre a ecoepidemiologia do vetor e dos hospedeiros (principalmente aves), para o ciclo de replicação dos vírus, são importantes para confirmar as informações já existentes sobre esses vírus.

Eficácia de programas vacinais contra o tifo aviário em poedeiras comerciais (Gallus gallus) utilizando a estirpe atenuada Salmonella Gallinarum cobS-cbiA-

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Infecção experimental em cães com ovos embrionados de galinha (Gallus gallus domesticus) infectados com taquizoítas de Neospora caninum

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Resposta imune celular e humoral em aves (Gallus gallus) vacinadas, antes e após o desafio com Salmonella enteritidis

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Assessment of experimental infection for dogs using Gallus gallus chorioallantoic membranes inoculated with Neospora caninum

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Immunohistochemical localization of nicotinic acetylcholine-receptor subunits in the mesencephalon and diencephalon of the chick (Gallus-gallus)

Monoclonal antibodies against two alpha-bungarotoxin-binding subunits (alpha-7 and alpha-8) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were used as immunohistochemical probes to map their distribution in the chick diencephalon and mesencephalon. The distribution of the alpha-7 and alpha-8 nAChR subunits was compared to the distribution of immunoreactivity produced by a monoclonal antibody against the beta-2 structural subunit of the nAChRs.Structures that contained high numbers of alpha-7-like immunoreactive (LI) somata included the intergeniculate leaflet, nucleus intercalatus thalami, nucleus ovoidalis, organum paraventricularis, nucleus rotundus, isthmic nuclei, nucleus trochlearis, oculomotor complex, nucleus interstitio-pretecto-subpretectalis, stratum griseum centrale of the optic tectum, and nucleus semilunaris. Neuropil staining for alpha-7-LI was intense in the nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami, nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, griseum tecti, isthmic nuclei, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, nucleus of the basal optic root, and stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale of the tectum. High numbers of alpha-8-LI somata were found in the stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale of the tectum and the nucleus interstitio-pretecto-subpretectalis, and intense neuropil staining for alpha-8-LI was found in the dorsal thalamus, nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, lateral hypothalamus, griseum tecti, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, nucleus interpeduncularis, and stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale of the tectum. High numbers of beta-2-LI somata were found only in the nucleus spiriformis lateralis, whereas neuropil staining for beta-2-LI was intense in the nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, nucleus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus lateralis anterior, nucleus habenularis lateralis, area pretectalis, griseum tecti, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, nucleus externus, and nucleus interpeduncularis, and in the stratum griseum centrale, stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale, and stratum opticum of the tectum.These results indicate that there are major disparities in the localization of the alpha-bungarotoxin-binding alpha-7 and alpha-8 nAChR subunits and the beta-2 structural nAChR subunit in the chick diencephalon and mesencephalon. These nAChR subunits appear, however, to coexist in several regions of the chick brain.

Manejo no incubatório que afeta a eclodibilidade de ovos de galinha (Gallus Gallus Domesticus)

In the process of artificial incubation of fertile eggs of chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) there are procedures that, they are not hindered the birth, they cause embryonic mortality. Handlings before incubation as disinfection and storage are capable to reduce the embryonic if accomplished of inadequate way viability. Already in the incubation process properly says, irregularities in variables as temperature, turning, humidity and ventilation in the incubator reduce the hatchability, what means that, of the total of fertile eggs there is reduction in the number of born chicks, there is like this the reduction of profit of the incubator, being necessary an analysis of which they interfered in the birth

Estabelecimento de hierarquia social por meio de ordem de bicadas em Gallus gallus domesticus (Galliformes: Aves)

Não disponível

Alterações metabólicas e morfométricas induzidas por hipóxia em Gallus gallus

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Alterações metabólicas e morfométricas induzidas por hipóxia em Gallus gallus

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Imunidade de aves (Gallus gallus) para Salmonella enterica subesp. enterica Sorovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Infecção de aves (Gallus gallus domesticus) com Salmonella enterica subesp. enterica sorovar Enteritidis contendo deleções nos genes cobS, cbiA, pduC, pduD e pduE: avaliação da colonização intestinal, invasão sistêmica e resposta imune

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Gallus gallus domesticus are resistant to infection with Neospora caninum tachyzoites of the NC-1 strain

The aim of this study was to experimentally evaluate infection in Gallus gallus domesticus with Neospora caninum tachyzoites of the NC-1 strain. Experimental infection was conducted in 90-day-old chickens, embryonated eggs and bioassays in dogs. In the first experiment, poults were randomly divided into four groups. Groups I and II were provided feed with coccidiostat, whereas groups III and IV received feed without coccidiostat. When the poults from groups I and III reached 90 days of age, they received a subcutaneous inoculation of N. caninum. Once the hens entered their egg-laying period, during the following 30 days, the eggs were collected, identified, weighed and placed in an incubator. On the 70th day after inoculation, all animals, including the chicks, were euthanized. Tissue samples from the adult poultry and chicks were collected for histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PCR. Brain tissue and pectoral muscle samples from infected birds were fed to two dogs. Notably, the average weight of the group III eggs was lower than that of the group IV eggs (p <0.05). No changes consistent with infection in adult poultry or chicks were detected by histopathology or IHC; moreover, no amplified parasite DNA was detected in the birds'tissues or dogs'feces. No dog eliminated oocysts. In the second experiment, the embryonated chicken eggs were inoculated with 1 x 10(2) N. caninum tachyzoites, on the 10th day of incubation, and chicks born from these eggs were housed in boxes suitable for the species and received commercial feed and distilled water ad libitum. On the 30th day after infection (DAI), the poultry were euthanized, and their organs were processed as described in experiment I. The amplification of parasite DNA was observed in the spleen and pectoral muscles of one of the birds. The ingestion of bird tissues by dogs did not result in oocyst elimination. These results indicate that the parasite may have been eliminated by the host and that the use of tachyzoites to induce chronic disease might be a poor source for hens. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Susceptibilidade antimicrobiana de amostras de escherichia coli isoladas de frango industrial (gallus gallus domesticus - linnaeus, 1758) com colibacilose

The present study evaluated the susceptibility of Escherichia coli samples isolated from poultry with colisepticemia in midwestern São Paulo State at the Ornitopathology Laboratory of FMVZ-UNESP/Botucatu, SP. A large number of samples were found that were multi-resistant to the antibiotics tested, the less effective drugs being sulfonamide and tetracycline. All samples were susceptible to norfloxacin and gentamicin.