Étude de la signalisation des facteurs de croissance de la famille REG : implication dans les mécanismes inflammatoires et l'arthrose

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Effet des différents composés de la matrice extracellulaire du foie sur la sensibilité des hépatocytes à l'apoptose

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Régulation des cellules NK par les adaptateurs de la famille SAP

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Caractérisation d'un membre de la famille XKLF dans le développement cardiaque

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Étude de la signalisation des facteurs de croissance de la famille REG : implication dans les mécanismes inflammatoires et l'arthrose

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Effet des différents composés de la matrice extracellulaire du foie sur la sensibilité des hépatocytes à l'apoptose

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Régulation des cellules NK par les adaptateurs de la famille SAP

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

La famille, l'amitié et les relations amoureuses au coeur du traitement des jeunes qui présentent un trouble lié à l'utilisation d'une substance et qui sont placés en mise sous garde dans un centre jeunesse

Ce projet de mémoire, de nature exploratoire, examine la place que pourraient occuper la famille, les amis et les relations amoureuses dans le traitement pour un trouble lié à l’utilisation d’une substance (TUS) chez des jeunes qui participent ou qui ont participé, au cours des deux dernières années, au programme toxico-justice jeunesse. Ce programme est offert par le Centre de réadaptation en dépendance de Québec (CRDQ) et s’adresse aux jeunes qui présentent un TUS et qui sont placés dans une unité de mise sous garde du Centre jeunesse de Québec (CJQ). Pour rencontrer le principal objectif de la recherche, l’importance qu’octroient les jeunes aux relations familiales, amoureuses et d’amitié 1) dans leur parcours de consommation et 2) dans leur processus de rétablissement a été étudiée. Au total, 11 jeunes ont été rencontrés et interviewés par le biais d’entrevues semi-structurées. L’analyse des données qualitatives suggère que les relations familiales, amicales et amoureuses ont une importance considérable dans la compréhension du parcours de consommation et de rétablissement des jeunes consommateurs placés en mise sous garde du CJQ. Donc, nos résultats soutiennent qu’il serait bénéfique de tenir compte de ces relations dans le traitement de cette clientèle. Toutefois, une attention plus particulière devrait, selon nous, être portée à la famille de ces jeunes en cours de traitement. En effet, nos résultats suggèrent que les relations familiales sont celles qui ont le plus de poids dans le parcours de consommation et de rétablissement des jeunes. En fait, plus les jeunes se sentent soutenus par leur famille durant leur placement en mise sous garde, plus ils sont susceptibles de désirer délaisser leurs amis consommateurs et leurs activités illicites. Nous croyons donc qu’il serait important, pour cette clientèle, de traiter les relations familiales en priorité, tout en considérant les relations d’amitié et amoureuses en cours d’intervention. Trois idéaux types familiaux se dégagent de nos travaux. Des modalités de traitement ont donc été développées en fonction de chacun de ces idéaux types. Ces modalités de traitement seront décrites dans la discussion du présent mémoire.

Investigating mushroom LMW compounds as potential Bcl-2 inhibitors: docking studies using AutoDock4

The B cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family is functionally classified as either anti-apoptotic or pro-apoptotic, and the regulation of its interactions dictates survival or commitment to apoptosis. Bcl-2 family is also implicated in a wide range of diseases. In some types of cancers, including lymphomas and epithelial cancers, protein overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family, such as the Bcl-2 protein is indicative of cancer in an advanced stage, with a poor prognosis and resistant to chemotherapy [1]. Several reports indicate that mushrooms have the ability to promote apoptosis in tumour cell lines, but the mechanism of action is not fully understood. Inhibition of the interaction between Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) and proapoptotic proteins could be an important step in the mechanism of mushroom induced apoptosis. Therefore, the discovery of compounds with the capacity to inhibit Bcl-2 is an ongoing research topic on cancer therapy. In this work, docking studies were performed using a dataset of 40 low molecular weight (LMW) compounds present in mushrooms. The docking software AutoDock 4 was used and docking studies were performed using 5 selected Bcl-2 crystal structures as targets. Compounds with the lowest predicted binding energy (predΔG) are expected to be the more potent inhibitors. Among the tested compounds, steroids presented the lowest predΔG with several exhibiting values below -9 kcal/mol. The results are corroborated by several reports that state that steroids induce apoptosis in several tumor cells. It is thus feasible that they might act by preventing Bcl-2 from forming complexes with the respective proapoptotic protein interaction partners, namely Bak, Bax, and Bim. Moreover, previous studies on our research group demonstrated that 48 h treatment of MCF-7 cells (breast carcinoma) with Suillus collinitus methanolic extract caused a decrease in Bcl-2, highlighting the antitumor potential of this mushroom species [2]. In conclusion, the process of apoptosis promoted by mushroom extracts may be related to the inhibition of Bcl-2 by the steroid derivatives herein studied. However, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

Le tribunal de la Famille et de la Jeunesse: Les lignes de force de la réforme

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Le tribunal de la Famille et de la Jeunesse: Le Tribunal de la Jeunesse et le rôle du Parquet dans le Tribunal de la Famille et de la Jeunesse

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

AtBAG7, an Arabidopsis Bcl-2-associated athanogene, resides in the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in the unfolded protein response

The Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) family is an evolutionarily conserved, multifunctional group of cochaperones that perform diverse cellular functions ranging from proliferation to growth arrest and cell death in yeast, in mammals, and, as recently observed, in plants. The Arabidopsis genome contains seven homologs of the BAG family, including four with domain organization similar to animal BAGs. In the present study we show that an Arabidopsis BAG, AtBAG7, is a uniquely localized endoplasmic reticulum (ER) BAG that is necessary for the proper maintenance of the unfolded protein response (UPR). AtBAG7was shown to interact directly in vivo with themolecular chaperone, AtBiP2, by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, and the interaction was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid assay. Treatment with an inducer of UPR, tunicamycin, resulted in accelerated cell death of AtBAG7-null mutants. Furthermore, AtBAG7 knockouts were sensitive to known ER stress stimuli, heat and cold. In these knockouts heat sensitivity was reverted successfully to the wild-type phenotype with the addition of the chemical chaperone, tauroursodexycholic acid (TUDCA). Real-time PCR of ER stress proteins indicated that the expression of the heat-shock protein, AtBiP3, is selectively up-regulated in AtBAG7-null mutants upon heat and cold stress. Our results reveal an unexpected diversity of the plant's BAG gene family and suggest that AtBAG7 is an essential component of the UPR during heat and cold tolerance, thus confirming the cytoprotective role of plant BAGs.

bcl-2 and c-erbB-2 proteins are involved in the regulation of VEGF and of thymidine phosphorylase angiogenic activity in non-small-cell lung cancer

Tumour angiogenesis has been recently recognised as one of the most important prognostic factors in lung cancer. Although a variety of angiogenic factors have been identified, the angiogenesis process remains poorly understood. Bcl-2, c-erbB-2 and p53 are well-known oncogenes involved in non- small-cell lung cancer pathogenesis. A direct correlation of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with intratumoural angiogenesis has been reported. In the present study we investigated the possible regulatory role if bcl-2, c-erB-2 proteins in angiogenesis and in VEGF and TP expression in non-small-cell lung cancer. Two hundred sixteen specimens from T1,2-NO, 1 staged patients treated with surgery alone were immunohistochemically examined. Bcl-2 and c-erbB-2 were significantly inversely related to each other (P = 0.04) and both were inversely associated with microvessel density (P < 0.02). High TP and VEGF reactivity was statistically related to loss of bcl-2 expression (P < 0.01). A significant co-expression of c-erbB-2 with TP was noted (P = 0.01). However, TP expression was related to high angiogenesis only in cases with absence of c-erB-2 expression (P < 0.0001). c-erbB-2 expression in poorly vascularised tumours was linked with poor outcome (P = 0.03). The present study provides strong evidence that the bcl-2 gene has a suppressive function over genes involved in both angiogenesis (VEGF and TP) and cell migration (c- erbB-2) in NSCLC. TP and c-erbB-2 proteins are significantly, and often simultaneously, expressed in bcl-2 negative cases. However, expression of the c-erbB-2 abolishes the TP-related angiogenic activity. Whether this is a result of a direct activity of the c-erbB-2 protein or a consequence of a c- erbB-2-related immune response remains to be further investigated.

Potential role of bcl-2 as a suppressor of tumour angiogenesis in non- small-cell lung cancer

It has been reported that genes regulating apoptosis may play a role in tumoral angiogenesis. This study examined the relationship between tumour vascularization, a measure of tumour angiogenesis, and bcl-2 and p53 expression in operable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The relationship between bcl-2, p53 and tumour vascularization and epidermal-growth-factor- receptor(EGFR) and c-erbB-2 expression was also studied. Tissue sections from resected tumour specimens of 107 NSCLC patients were evaluated immunohistochemically for vascular grade and bcl-2, p53, EGFR and c-erbB-2 expression. bcl-2 expression was found in 20/107 (19%) cases and was associated with squamous-cell histology (p = 0.03). A strong inverse relationship was found between bcl-2 expression and vascular grade (p = 0.005). All c-erbB-2-positive cases were negative for bcl-2 expression (p = 0.01). Overall no association was found between c-erbB-2 expression and vascular grade. However, in bcl-2-negative cases positive c-erbB-2 expression correlated with low angiogenesis (p = 0.05). No relationship was found between p53 and EGFR expression and bcl-2, c-erbB-2 or vascular grade. The improved prognosis reported in bcl-2-positive NSCLC may be related to low tumour vascularization. The results suggest that the anti-apoptotic gene bcl- 2 plays a role in regulating tumour angiogenesis. Since normal lung epithelium expresses bcl-2, a sequence of tumour progression involving loss of bcl-2, then activation of c-erbB-2 or increase in tumour vascularization is proposed.