DNA amplification fingerprinting analysis of genetic variation within Fusarium oxysporum f.sp zingiberi

Genetic variation among 29 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi (Foz) collected from diseased ginger rhizome in production regions throughout Queensland was analysed using DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF). Eight isolates of other Fusarium species and/or formae speciales were included for comparative analysis. Within the Foz isolates, three haplotypes were identified based on 17 polymorphic bands generated with five primers. Two groups showed very little genetic variation (98.6% similarity), whereas the third single isolate was quite distinct in terms of its molecular profile (77.2% similarity). Genetic similarity among the Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense races 1, 3 and 4 isolates compared well with the published literature.

Sequence variation in the putative effector gene SIX8 facilitates molecular differentiation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), causal agent of fusarium wilt of banana, is among the most destructive pathogens of banana and plantain. The development of a molecular diagnostic capable of reliably distinguishing between the various races of the pathogen is of key importance to disease management. However, attempts to distinguish isolates using the standard molecular loci typically used for fungal phylogenetics have been complicated by a poor correlation between phylogeny and pathogenicity. Among the available alternative loci are several putative effector genes, known as SIX genes, which have been successfully used to differentiate the three races of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. In this study, an international collection of Foc isolates was screened for the presence of the putative effector SIX8. Using a PCR and sequencing approach, variation in Foc-SIX8 was identified which allowed race 4 to be differentiated from race 1 and 2 isolates, and tropical and subtropical race 4 isolates to be distinguished from one another.

Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp fragariae and Predicted Breeding Values in Strawberry

Fusarium wilt of strawberry, incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae (Fof), is a major disease of the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria xananassa) worldwide. An increase in disease outbreaks of the pathogen in Western Australia and Queensland plus the search for alternative disease management strategies place emphasis on the development of resistant cultivars. In response, a partial incomplete diallel cross involving four parents was performed for use in glasshouse resistance screenings. The resulting progeny were evaluated for their susceptibility to Fof. Best-performing progeny and suitability of progenies as parents were determined using data from disease severity ratings and analyzed using a linear mixed model incorporating a pedigree to produce best linear unbiased predictions of breeding values. Variation in disease response, ranging from highly susceptible to resistant, indicates a quantitative effect. The estimate of the narrow-sense heritability was 0.49 +/- 0.04 (SE), suggesting the population should be responsive to phenotypic recurrent selection. Several progeny genotypes have predicted breeding values higher than any of the parents. Knowledge of Fof resistance derived from this study can help select best parents for future crosses for the development of new strawberry cultivars with Fof resistance.

Patogenicidad de Fusarium oxysporum fs. y su interacción con meloidogyne sp. en el complejo de la marchitez lenta de cafe

El presente estudio se llevó a cabo de Julio de 1994 a Julio de 1996. Con los objetivos de: (1) Evaluar la Patogenicidad Fusarium oxysporum, sobre el cultivo del café empleando dos métodos de inoculación, un método con navaja, y un método de poda de raíces con inmersión (2) Evaluación de la Interacción Meloidogyne -Fusarium en plantas de café injertadas y no injertadas y, (3) Evaluar el efecto de la interacción Meloidogyne -Fusarium sobre el desarrollo de la marchitez lenta en el comportamiento de la variedad Catrenic. El estudio se dividio en dos fases una fase de campo y una fase de laboratorio. La fase de campo concistió de tres ensayos: Ensayo 1 Evaluación de la patogenicidad de Fusarium oxysporum fs. Cuyos resultados indicaron diferencias significativas en el método de Inmersión concluyendo, que es el método de inoculación más efectivo, para comprobar que Fusarium puede penetrar con mayor rápidez dentro de la planta y causar infección en estas. Ensayo 2 Interacción Meloidogyne sp. - Fusarium oxysporum en plantas de café con injerto y sin injertó,como resultado de este ensayo, las plantas más afectadas en su altura, diámetro del tallo, peso fresco de raíz, e indica de agallas fueron las plantas sin injer.to presentando una menor tolerancia al ataque de nematodos y por ende reflejaron una mayor evidencias de síntomas de la enfermedad marchitez lenta. Ensayo 3 Evaluación de la interacción Meloidogyne sp. - Fusarium oxysporum en la marchitez lenta con la variedad Catrenic. Los resultados de este ensayo demostrarán que Meloidogyne y Fusarium actúan sinergisticamente causando un cuadro claro de deterioro de las plantas de café de la variedad Catrenic.

Uso de aislamientos endofíticos de Trichoderma spp., para el biocontrol del Mal de Panamá (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense) Raza 1 en vitroplantas de banano) del cultivar Gros Michel (AAA) en condiciones de invernadero

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue seleccionar aislamientos endofíticos de Trichoderma spp., para el biocontrol de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense raza 1. Se evaluaron los tres aislamientos más patogénicos FOC2, FOC4, FOC8 obtenidos del criobanco del Laboratorio de Fitopatología del CATIE, en una prueba de antibiosis y posteriormente se procedió a realizar la prueba de biocontrol con veinte aislamientos endofíticos de Trichoderma spp. y dos aislamientos FOC2 y FOC4 en vitroplantas de Gros Michel (AAA)en condiciones de invernadero. Por medio de la técnica de cocultivo veinte aislados de Trichoderma spp., inhibieron el crecimiento radial de FOC hasta en un 53,46%. En el bioensayo de biocontrol,los aislamientos endofíticos de Trichoderma spp., presentaron un mínimo porcentaje de incidencia con 37,5% del tratamiento TJ5, en comparación al testigo absoluto que no presentó incidencia. Así mismo los tratamientos TC9, TP3 y TCL1 redujeron desde un 92% hasta 90% los síntomas externos en comparación a los testigos referenciales. Los síntomas internos del cormo se redujeron hasta un 74% por el tratamiento TC9. Adicionalmente se detectó que plantas protegidas con los aislamientos endofíticos de Trichoderma spp., promovieron el crecimiento vegetativo de la planta en peso de la raiz y follaje.

Protocolo de tecnologia: selecao para resistencia a doencas em hortalicas. 3. Tomateiro - Murcha-de-fusario (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici).

1999

Ocorrência de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raça 3 em tomate no Brasil e seleção de novas fontes de resistência ao patógeno.

A murcha-de-fusário, causada por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), é uma importante doença do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) no mundo. Existem três raças identificadas do patógeno, sendo que a raça 3 ainda não havia sido registrada no Brasil. Este trabalho teve dois objetivos: comunicar a presença da raça 3 de FOL no Brasil e selecionar fontes de resistência às três raças do patógeno. Nove isolados de FOL foram obtidos de dois híbridos de tomate (Carmen e Alambra) com sintomas de mrucha, provenientes de três lavouras localizadas nos municípios de Venda Nova do Imigrante - Espírito Santo e Domingos Martins 9ES). Estes dois híbridos comerciais de tomate são considerados resistentes ás raças 1 e 2 de FOL. O teste de virulência foi feito com as cultivares: Ponderosa (suscetível a todasa as raças), IPA-5 (resistente à raça 1), Floradade (resistente às raças 1 e 2) e BHRS-2,3 (resistente às raças 1, 2 e 3). Todos os isolados foram virulentos às cultivares Ponderosa, IPA-R e Floradade e ainda infectaram algumas plantas de BHRS-2,3. O teste de virulência foi repetido com as mesmas cultivares mas também incluindo o acesso 'LA 716' da espécie selvagem L. pennellii. Foram obtidos resultados semelhantes para as cultivares, enquanto L. pennellii apresentou uma reação de imunidade ao patógeno. Estes resultadaos comprovam que os novos isolados de ES pertencem à raça 3 de FOL. Uma coleção de germoplasma de acessos de Lycopersicon spp. da Embrapa Hortaliças foi inicialmente avaliada quanto à reação de um dos isolados da raça 3 e uma parte deles às raças 1 e 2. Novas fontes de resistência múltipla foram identificadas em acessos de L. chilense, l. hirsutum e L. peruvianum, sendo dez genótipos imunes às raças 2 e 3 e cinco às três raças. A identificação destas fontes de resistência peermite que os programas de melhoramento de tomate antecipem potenciais problemas, inclusive a emergência de novas raças de FOL, além das raças 1, 2 e 3.

Estabelecimento e caracterização a nível de raça de uma coleção de isolados Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.

2006

Seleção de híbridos e acessos de tomate para resistência a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raça 3.

2009

Recuperação de colônias de Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines de solo e de restos culturais.

2003

The analysis of Metarhizium robertsii potential as endophytic plant root coloniser, plant growth enhancer and antagonist to bean root pathogen Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseolis.

The soil-inhabiting insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii also colonizes plant roots endophytically, thus showing potential as a plant symbiont. M robertsii is not randomly distributed in soils but preferentially associates with the plant rhizosphere when applied in agricultural settings. Root surface and endophytic colonization of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and haricot beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) by M robertsii were examined after inoculation with fungal conidia. Light and confocal microscopies were used to ascertain this rhizosphere association. Root lengths, root hair density and emergence of lateral roots were also measured. Initially, M robertsii conidia adhered to, germinated on, and colonized, roots. Furthermore, plant roots treated with Metarhizium grew faster and the density of plant root hairs increased when compared with control plants. The onset of plant root hair proliferation was initiated before germination of M robertsii on the root (within 1-2 days). Plants inoculated with M robertsii AMAD2 (plant adhesin gene) took significantly longer to show root hair proliferation than the wild type. Cell free extracts of M robertsii did not stimulate root hair proliferation. Longer term (60 days) associations showed that M robertsii endophytically colonized individual cortical cells within bean roots. Metarhizium appeared as an amorphous mycelial aggregate within root cortical cells as well as between the intercellular spaces with no apparent damage to the plant. These results suggested that not only is M robertsii rhizosphere competent but displays a beneficial endophytic association with plant roots that results in the proliferation of root hairs. The biocontrol of bean (Phaseolis vulgaris) root rot fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseolis by Metarhizium robertsii was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Dual cultures on Petri dishes showed antagonism of M robertsii against F. solani. A relative inhibition of ca. 60% of F. solani growth was observed in these assays. Cell free culture filtrates of M robertsii inhibited the germination of F. solani conidia by 83% and the inhibitory metabolite was heat stable. Beans plants colonized by M robertsii then exposed to F. solani showed healthier plant profiles and lower disease indices compared to plants not colonized by M robertsii. These results suggested that the insect pathogenic/endophytic fungus M robertsii could also be utilized as a biocontrol agent against certain plant pathogens occurring in the rhizosphere.

Antifungal activity of Bacillus subtilis filtrate to control Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis, the causal organism of lentil vascular wilt

In dual cultures, the supernatant filtrate of the biological control agent Bacillus subtilis was evaluated against (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis) the causal organism of lentil vascular wilt. The antagonistic activity was evaluated as percent reduction of fungal growth (certainly due, in part, to the antifungal metabolites produced by the antagonistic bacterium). The in-vitro experiments showed that B. subtilis filtrate, whether solid or liquid media, had a strong inhibiting activity on the spore germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis. In a glasshouse experiment, soil was drenched with B. subtilis filtrate at 30 ml/kg (vol/wt) around seedlings of a susceptible lentil line (ILL 4605). In this treatment there was only 31% mortality compared with 100% kill of plants in the control treatment (P≤0.05).

Formulation and delivery of the bacterial antagonist Bacillus subtilis for management of lentil vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lentis

Different formulations of Bacillus subtilis were prepared using standard laboratory protocols. Bacillus subtilis survived in glucose and talc powders at 8.6 and 7.8 log(10) CFU/g, respectively, for 1 year of storage at room temperature compared with 3.5 log(10) CFU/g on a peat formulation. Glasshouse experiments using soil and seed treatments were conducted to test the efficacy of B. subtilis for protecting lentil against the wilt disease caused by Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. lentis. Seed treatments with formulations of B. subtilis on glucose, talc and peat significantly enhanced its biocontrol activity against Fusarium compared with a treatment in which spores were applied directly to seed. The formulations decreased disease severity by reducing colonization of plants by the pathogen, promoting their growth and increased the dry weight of lentil plants. Of these treatments the glucose and talc-based powder formulations were more effective than the peat formulation and the spore application without a carrier. It was shown that the B. subtilis spores applied with glucose were viable for longer than those applied with other carriers. Seed treatment with these formulated spores is an effective delivery system that can provide a conducive environment for B. subtilis to suppress vascular wilt disease on lentil and has the potential for utilization in commercial field application.