357 resultados para Forragem


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

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Foi realizado um estudo no município de Igarapé-açú com o objetivo de avaliar a massa de forragem e a composição botânica da dieta de bovinos em pastagens de capim braquiarão e quicuio consorciadas com as leguminosas Arachis pintoi, Cratylia argentea e Leucaena leucocephala, submetidas a dois métodos de preparo de área: com mulch e com queima da vegetação secundária.A área foi dividida em parcelas, com três repetições. Foram realizados dois experimentos um com queima e outro onde a vegetação foi triturada - mulch. Foram testados três pastagens para cada experimento: 1. QB - B. humidicola + B. brizantha cv. Marandu. 2. QBAL - B. humidicola + B. brizantha consorciada com A. pintoi cv. Amarilo + L. leucocephala cv. Cunninghan . 3. QBAC - B. humidicola + B. brizantha consorciada com A. pintoi cv. Amarilo + C. argentea. A composição da dieta consumida pelos animais foi estimada através da análise microhistológica das fezes. As avaliações foram feitas no período experimental de 15/04/02 a 18/03/03. Para a determinação da composição botânica foi utilizada a técnica da análise microhistologica de fezes As coletas de fezes e de forragem foram realizadas a cada dezoito dias. As amostragens de forragem foram feitas ao acaso, nas parcelas somente com gramíneas foram amostrados seis locais, enquanto que nas parcelas consorciadas foram amostrados doze locais.Os dados da massa de forragem e composição botânica da dieta foram analisados estatisticamente pelo software SAS versão 8.2. Apresentaram diferenças entre épocas a massa total, a massa de folha de braquiarão, de araquis, de espécies da capoeira, e de material morto. Quanto ao método de preparo de área todas as variáveis de resposta apresentaram diferenças. As massas total, de folha e de colmo de braquiarão e de material morto foram superiores na pastagem composta por gramíneas (QB). A massa de folha e colmo de quicuio e de araquis foram superiores na pastagem QBAL e a massa de espécies da capoeira foi maior na pastagem QBAC. Todas as variáveis apresentaram diferenças significativas entre ciclo, sendo que, as massas totais mais elevadas foram alcançadas nos ciclos 3 e 4. O consumo de quicuio e de espécies da capoeira foram superiores na época seca, enquanto, a percentagem de braquiarão foi superior na época chuvosa. As percentagens de quicuio foram superiores no método com queima, enquanto as de braquiarão foram superiores no método mulch. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as pastagens para as percentagens de capim quicuio e de espécies da capoeira. As percentagens de braquiarão foram superiores nas pastagens de QB e QBAL e as de leguminosas foram superiores nas pastagens consorciadas com leguminosas QBAC e QBAL.Foram encontradas 14 famílias e 23 espécies. O método de preparo de área influenciou na massa de forragem e na composição botânica da dieta.A composição botânica da dieta foi influenciada pela massa de forragem. As espécies da capoeira tiveram pequena participação na composição botânica da dieta dos animais, devido a suficiente oferta de forragem na maior parte do ano.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate CO2 emission, canopy characteristics and herbage accumulation in pastures of pensacola bahiagrass under frequencies of defoliation. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Veterinary of UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil. The experimental period was from May 3rd to July 26th 2012. The experimental area comprised 28 m² of pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge), divided into 10 plots for allocation of treatment (frequencies of defoliation = 2 or 4 weeks). The following variables were studied: canopy height, light interception, leaf area index, herbage accumulation, tiller density, CO2 emissions, soil temperature and moisture. The frequencies of defoliation in the months of May, June and July slightly affect pensacola bahiagrass characteristics. CO2, soil temperature and moisture are more associated to environmental conditions (months of evaluation) than to the frequencies of defoliation imposed to the canopies.

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This study was carried out in Fazenda Canchim in Sao Carlos-SP, physical base of Embrapa Southeast Livestock, aiming to select, based on the agronomic characteristics of productivity of dry matter and quality of the forage, the accesses of suitable gender Paspalum for possessing potentiality of use as foraging plants. Were evaluated for 3 years, with 22 forage grasses, being 19 of Paspalum and three more of control species: Brachiaria decumbens, Andropogon gayanus cv. Baet and Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, submitted to two intensification levels: high (fertilizer after each cut and supplemental irrigation) and low (only fertilizer of annual replacement without irrigation). The experimental design was of split blocks subdivided in the space and time with two replications. The studied variables were: dry matter production, in vitro dry matter digestibility and crude protein content. The results show that the accesses responded to the intensification level minimizing the negative effect of the stational production. Based on the studied variables, the selected accesses were: BRA-011401 (Paspalum glaucescens); BRA-011681 (P. atratum); BRA009661 (P. atratum) and BRA-019186 (P. regnellii).

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of residual leaf area index (rLAI), years of evaluation and grazing cycles on the accumulation and disappearance of forage, and changes in the pasture structure of xaraes palisadegrass submitted to grazing intensities and intermittent stocking in two summers. The experiment was carried out at the Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinaria of Unesp, Campus of Jaboticabal, SP and the intensities of grazing were defined by four rLAI: 0.8, 1.3, 1.8 and 2.3. When the canopy intercepted 95% of incident light, the animals were placed on the pasture for grazing and kept until the rLAI target has been reached. Pastures were grazed by non-lactating Holstein cows (Bos Taurus Taurus L.), using the technique of mob-stocking. It was evaluated the canopy height, accumulation, disappearance and morphological components of forage and rest period. Residual leaf area index from 1.3 to 1.8 are the best in the accumulation and disappearance of forage and pasture structure. It is observed variability of the accumulation and disappearance of forage and pasture structure for years of assessment and grazing cycles within each year.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The objective of this study was to analyze the production of dry mass, forage accumulation rate and the structural composition of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraes pastures, managed under different grazing heights in continuous stocking. The experimental area was 12 hectares, divided in paddocks of one hectare each. The treatments were 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm of defoliation heights. Nellore steers were used to reach the desired heights. Every 28 days four cut samples and eight visual samples were collected for comparative performance in the experimental plots. Two grazing exclusion cages were used per treatment to estimate accumulation rates kg.ha(-1) DM. The cut material was taken to the laboratory for separation of the botanical components (green leaf, stem and senescent material), weighing and determination of dry matter. The experimental design was the completely randomized with three replicates. There were treatments effects at all seasons for the production of total mass, except in the spring. In summer and spring seasons it was observed the highest values for leaf blades (1.100 kg DM.ha(-1)). In the winter, the highest values of senescent material was observed, as expected. The average accumulation showed no significant difference among the treatments, except for stem and total mass in the summer and stem in the fall. The tillers were heavier and higher values for number of green leaves per tiller occurred in the fall, but for senescent leaves per tiller ocurred in the winter. Swards grazed at heights between 45 and 60 cm of defoliation, had good production of forage mass and leaf constituent.

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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA