Getting it right : importing and exporting agricultural products.

"Issued December 1995"--P. 2.

Enterprises' internationalisation strategy: skills in exportation and customs law

Economical development has always been connected to the commercial exchanges between people, due to the necessity to suppress their needs. With the increasing growth of international business and more competitive and demanding markets, exportation has become an important first step to internationalisation. Unlike what happened in the past, companies must be aware that the enrolment in the current global market is risky and requires elaborated technical procedures. Internationalisation should not be treated as an isolated event of business management. The first part of this paper aims to understand the export process and fit it in the current stage of international trade, keeping in mind the framework of export under the customs law. Then, we tried to understand how Portuguese companies should face this process in their internationalisation strategy, and what skills organisations must acquire to be able to export competitively in the current scenario of globalisation. The investigation was based on interviews in companies that, through a process of internationalisation by exportation, have implemented themselves strongly in extern markets. This investigation allowed us to analyse the companies’ motivations to become international, as well as the selection criteria for the export destinations. It was also possible to identify the main obstacles to the internationalisation of Portuguese companies. We concluded that companies that choose exportation as a way to become international acquire specific skills that enable them to become competitive in international trade. However, studies have failed to answer the second initial question about whether the measures implemented by Customs potentiate exports.

Brazilian, Chinese, and Indian exports: is the regional market really a source of learning?

In some Latin American countries the exporting activity starts at a regional level, with producers only later venturing into more competitive markets. The implicit risk is that a country might never progress from the regional stage to a more global market. This article compares the experiences of Brazil, China and India. It is shown that Brazil relied on the regional market far more intensely than these Asian countries. There were clear gains accruing to China and India for having exploited more sophisticated markets from the very beginning of their export drive.

Resource abundance and Survival of indigenous ornamental fishes of central Kerala with emphasis on handling and packing stress in Puntius filamentosus(VALENCIENNES)

This thesis Entitled Resource abundance and survival of indigenous ornamental fishes of central kerala with emphasis on handling and packing stress in puntius filamentosus (valenciennes).Kerala state is endowed with 41 west flowing and three east flowing rivers originating in the Western Ghats. These rivers and their vast network of tributaries and distributaries harbour rich and diversified fish fauna. Most of the freshwater fishes available in Kerala are highly appreciated as ornamental fishes in the national and international markets.Today the ornamental fish industry is one of the largest industries all over the world. The demand for ornamental fishes has been increasing steadily with the enlargement of the industry, such that the current demand for indigenous ornamental fishes have exceeded the supply. This has led to serious concern about the resources available in the country that can be utilised judiciously for the economic benefit of the state. With an aim to fill up the lacuna, a database of freshwater ornamental fishes of Kerala was created as part of the present study. Ornamental fishes destined for export marketing should thrive well in the aquarium conditions.The study reiterates fishes caught from different environmental conditions and feeding habits have a greater ability to adapt and acclimatise to an entirely new environment and food habits. Marketing studies based on the statistics available with Marine Products Export Development Authority show that these species are not being exported at the required level over the past 6 years, when compared to the availability in the water bodies of Kerala. Sustainable utilisation of these resources from the wild using modern management principles and code of conduct for responsible fishing are advisable until captive breeding technology is popularised.

Observatorio del tratado de libre comercio entre Colombia y la Unión Europea (Irlanda, Italia, Letonia, Lituania y Luxemburgo): Análisis del perfil de una PYME en Colombia para su internacionalización

El siguiente trabajo presenta recomendaciones orientadas a las Pymes Colombianas en cuanto a un proceso de internacionalización de sus productos en Irlanda, Italia, Letonia, Lituania y Luxemburgo, países pertenecientes a la Unión Europea; basados en el análisis de barreras de entrada, Tratado de Libre Comercio entre la Unión Europea y Colombia, así como el comportamiento de la balanza comercial entre ellos. Con el siguiente análisis, consolidamos información necesaria y útil para llevar a cabo la construcción de un plan de trabajo orientado a penetrar mercados europeos, generando un mayor alcance y crecimiento en clientes; para lograr una mayor visibilidad principalmente de los productos y del país, creando una necesidad en los mercados penetrados. Con el fin anteriormente mencionado, es que se hace un recorrido desde los conceptos básicos, pasando por la ruta exportadora y barreras hasta llegar a plantear oportunidades en esos mercados de la Unión Europea. Dentro de los conceptos básicos se hace mención a lo que significa una Pyme, foco principal de nuestro trabajo, resaltando su importancia dentro de la sociedad y principalmente en la economía de un país, aportando en la balanza comercial en el momento que se comienza un proceso de exportación de productos. Este análisis durante su desarrollo conlleva a plantear una serie de conclusiones y recomendaciones que serán de gran utilidad para los empresarios con intensión exportadora, así como también de brindar un aporte enriquecedor desde la mirada de futuras profesionales que en este documento plasman conocimientos obtenidos durante cinco años, además de la habilidad en la selección y búsqueda de información específica que sirve de apoyo para la presentación de este valioso tema.

Panorama da Inserção Internacional da América Latina e Caribe 2015. A crise do comércio regional: diagnóstico e perspectivas. Documento informativo

Apresentação .-- Síntese. A. A incerteza e o lento crescimento mundial exacerbam as debilidades da região. B. Espaços para obter uma maior diversificação do comércio e dos encadeamentos com a China. C. A América Latina e o Caribe devem avançar na agenda de facilitação do comércio.

Panorama de la Inserción Internacional de América Latina y el Caribe 2015. La crisis del comercio regional: diagnóstico y perspectivas

En la edición 2015 del Panorama de la Inserción Internacional de América Latina y el Caribe se analiza, desde la perspectiva del comercio, el contexto internacional y regional. Desde esa perspectiva, la región enfrenta el contexto económico internacional más desfavorable desde 2009. Más aún, la profundización de la especialización en recursos naturales durante el ciclo de altos precios y la persistencia de una estructura productiva con reducidas capacidades tecnológicas dificultan salir de la compleja coyuntura actual. En este marco, la CEPAL insta a los países a promover la integración económica regional, porque avanzar hacia un espacio integrado y con reglas comunes es indispensable para promover los encadenamientos productivos, aumentar la resiliencia del comercio intrarregional y favorecer la diversificación productiva y exportadora.

Pacific Rim diversification and defense market assessment : a comprehensive guide for entry into overseas markets.

Mode of access: Internet.

Review of international geothermal activities and assessment of U.S. industry opportunities /

"LA-11066-MS ... UC-66."

The Indian forest records.

Mode of access: Internet.

European trade fairs : a guide for exporters /

Item 231-B-5

U.S. exports.

Issues prior to Sept. 1977 were sent to depositories as Item 144.

Source material on milk marketing, with particular reference to milk as a public utility ....

Mode of access: Internet.