Tensiones y heterogeneidades temporales en la desocupación

La privación del trabajo remunerado tiene profundas consecuencias sobre el tiempo vivido de las personas. El trabajo es consumidor de tiempo, estructura el desarrollo de la jornada, impone limitaciones a otras actividades y ejerce una fuerte impronta en la vida cotidiana. El desempleo no solo conduce a liberar tiempo sino que, fundamentalmente, da lugar a una desestabilización del tiempo de referencia. Sin embargo, el tiempo de los desempleados es también objeto de encuadres y prescripciones que tienden a imponer una forma específica a la experiencia del desempleo. A partir de ello, es posible considerar que la desocupación no puede ser disociada de una perspectiva temporal. En este sentido, este artículo explora el ordenamiento temporal de las actividades instrumentales en un grupo de desocupados asistidos por el Estado en la Ciudad de Rosario. Así, se considera actividades instrumentales a aquellas que, teniendo por contenido y función la producción y reproducción de las condiciones materiales que hacen posible la supervivencia de la especie, se caracterizan por ser socialmente heterónomas, producto de una división social del trabajo que se explica en líneas complejas de diferenciación y desigualdad. Dentro de ellas se analizan dos conjuntos: el primero constituido por el trabajo remunerado, las actividades de contraprestación y los estudios; y el segundo integrado por el trabajo doméstico y familiar, y el trabajo voluntario

Tensiones y heterogeneidades temporales en la desocupación

La privación del trabajo remunerado tiene profundas consecuencias sobre el tiempo vivido de las personas. El trabajo es consumidor de tiempo, estructura el desarrollo de la jornada, impone limitaciones a otras actividades y ejerce una fuerte impronta en la vida cotidiana. El desempleo no solo conduce a liberar tiempo sino que, fundamentalmente, da lugar a una desestabilización del tiempo de referencia. Sin embargo, el tiempo de los desempleados es también objeto de encuadres y prescripciones que tienden a imponer una forma específica a la experiencia del desempleo. A partir de ello, es posible considerar que la desocupación no puede ser disociada de una perspectiva temporal. En este sentido, este artículo explora el ordenamiento temporal de las actividades instrumentales en un grupo de desocupados asistidos por el Estado en la Ciudad de Rosario. Así, se considera actividades instrumentales a aquellas que, teniendo por contenido y función la producción y reproducción de las condiciones materiales que hacen posible la supervivencia de la especie, se caracterizan por ser socialmente heterónomas, producto de una división social del trabajo que se explica en líneas complejas de diferenciación y desigualdad. Dentro de ellas se analizan dos conjuntos: el primero constituido por el trabajo remunerado, las actividades de contraprestación y los estudios; y el segundo integrado por el trabajo doméstico y familiar, y el trabajo voluntario

El escenario de conciliación para la igualdad en el entorno publicitario: una comparación entre el sector docente y el profesional

En las últimas décadas, la conciliación se ha erigido como un tema de preocupación social. Así, en España surgen diversas normativas que tratan de solventar este problema. En concreto, en el año 2007 se promulga la Ley para la Igualdad Efectiva de Mujeres y Hombres (LOIEMH). En ella se contemplan medidas y acciones dirigidas a garantizar la no discriminación por razón de sexo, directa o indirecta, en todos los ámbitos, especialmente la derivada de la maternidad y las obligaciones familiares. Con el objetivo de conocer el grado de aplicabilidad de este precepto y de comparar las condiciones para la conciliación entre los docentes y profesionales del sector publicitario, se realiza un análisis de la información referente a la creación de Unidades de Igualdad y Planes de Igualdad en las universidades españolas que ofrecen estudios de publicidad y encuestas a profesores y empleados del sector publicitario para medir sus niveles de conflicto y su percepción sobre los efectos de los cambios normativos. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los entornos universitarios públicos han implantado en mayor medida los preceptos legales vinculados con la conciliación. A su vez, existen diferencias en la consideración del conflicto familiar/laboral entre los docentes y los profesionales: los profesores consideran que la esfera familiar interfiere en la laboral mientras que los publicitarios perciben que el desbordamiento de la esfera laboral hacia la familiar es superior. Ambos tipos de trabajadores perciben entornos laborales poco sensibles a la conciliación y no consideran que la ley haya tenido importantes repercusiones.

O homem levanta o mundo, a mulher sustenta o lar: A literatura doutrinária espírita contemporânea em perspectiva de gênero.

Os resultados da pesquisa bibliográfica corroboram o que na prática religiosa já havia notado, a existência de certo sincretismo intencional de apreensão e revisão de conteúdos religiosos, ou seja, de cosmovisões de matriz judaico-cristã impregnadas de valores e modelos de comportamento que marcaram as novas representações de gênero do Espiritismo, ainda na França, e posteriormente, no Brasil. Constatou-se que tanto na literatura espírita quanto no ethos espírita sempre houve uma oscilação entre uma divisão sexual do trabalho mais tradicional e androcêntrica com a supervalorização das mulheres como mães, e dos homens como provedores e como consequência disto ocorre a limitação do desenvolvimento das habilidades e competências de ambos os sexos nas várias instituições sociais (família, mercado de trabalho, etc.), inclusive nas instituições espíritas, de um lado, e; por outro lado, uma pretensa postura de defesa da progressiva liberação (emancipação) dos direitos da mulher. A presente pesquisa objetivou analisar as representações de gênero nas produções lítero-doutrinárias do Espiritismo brasileiro contemporâneo, a partir de um levantamento do contexto histórico que teria influenciado a elaboração das representações de gênero espíritas, desde uma fase anterior à institucionalização do Espiritismo, na França e no Brasil, aos dias de hoje e como tais representações de gênero estruturam a organização interna do Espiritismo, no que tange a divisão sexual do trabalho. Além de pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada análise da literatura doutrinária espírita.

AS RELAÇÕES ENTRE CONFLITO TRABALHO-FAMÍLIA, BEM-ESTAR SUBJETIVO E BEM-ESTAR NO TRABALHO

O conflito trabalho-família é um fenômeno freqüente nas sociedades atuais em que homens e mulheres dividem responsabilidades familiares e profissionais. A sua direção pode ser unidirecional ou bidirecional, ou seja, da família para o trabalho, do trabalho para a família ou simultaneamente de uma esfera para outra, afetando sensivelmente as relações familiares e as relações nas organizações, sendo possível afetar diretamente o bem-estar dos indivíduos. Este é um estudo de natureza quantitativa e com desenho transversal. O critério para a escolha de participantes foi o de conveniência. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi analisar as relações entre conflito trabalho-família (CTF), bem-estar subjetivo (BES) e bem-estar no trabalho (BET). O estudo contou com a participação de 174 trabalhadores em uma amostra diversificada de profissionais do segmento privado, público e de ONG, sendo 52,9% do sexo feminino, com idade média de 38,29 anos (DP=11,22). Para a obtenção dos dados optou-se por um questionário abrangendo as três variáveis do estudo contendo duas escalas para aferir as dimensões de BES, uma escala para aferir BET e uma escala para aferir CTF/CFT. Para a análise dos dados foi usado o SPSS, versão 20. Foram calculadas frequências, percentuais, médias, desvios-padrão, e índices de correlação, bem como índices de precisão das medidas usadas (Alpha de Cronbach). Os resultados apontaram para uma maior interferência do trabalho na família do que da família no trabalho. Essa interferência foi significativa tanto para o bem-estar no trabalho, quanto para o bem-estar subjetivo, alterando o envolvimento com o trabalho e gerando sentimentos de infelicidade, desânimo e angústia em relação as suas realizações pessoais, e ao futuro. Quanto maior o conflito trabalho-família, menor é o bem-estar no trabalho e menor é o bem-estar subjetivo desses participantes.

Women of African descent: Persistence in completing doctorates

This study examines the educational persistence of women of African descent (WOAD) in pursuit of a doctorate degree at universities in the southeastern United States. WOAD are women of African ancestry born outside the African continent. These women are heirs to an inner dogged determination and spirit to survive despite all odds (Pulliam, 2003, p. 337).This study used Ellis’s (1997) Three Stages for Graduate Student Development as the conceptual framework to examine the persistent strategies used by these women to persist to the completion of their studies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed for the 10 study participants. The study examined their beliefs, roles, and support systems utilized during their studies to help propel them to succeed. Interview data were analyzed using cross-case analysis to discover emerging themes and patterns. A comparative analysis was used to analyze the participants’ experiences and discover themes and patterns to review against the historical data. The findings showed that WOAD experienced feelings of isolation, neglect and racial prejudice as doctoral students. Their ability to formulate supportive relationships among each other and in their communities outside the university was key to their persistence to graduation. There still remains a need to create a more engaging and inclusive environment for nontraditional students, particularly those who are WOAD. The study concludes with six strategies of success used by these WOAD to persist to completion. Those six strategies include 1. Keeping the goal of earning a doctorate and graduating foremost on your mind. 2. Set a class and study schedule that allows you to balance family, work and study. 3. Take care of yourself, physically, mentally and emotionally. 4. Keep a goal chart to track your strides toward completion/graduation. 5. Establish a strong support system among your family, friends, colleagues and community; and 6. Do not let the “isms” (racism, sexism, and ageism) deter you.

Winter lovers: engajamento e participação no universo de game of thrones da internet

The formation of groups acquired new features with the arrival of the internet. The links before straitened between family, work groups and close friends today reach long distances through online communities. These communities represent groups that have affinities and common interests, and use the community space to discuss these. Examples of these communities are those related to franchise Game of Thrones, a literary phenomenon that has expanded by various media, including the social, television, and communities. This report aims to present the work steps and the theoretical reflection, necessary for the achievement of a final product in file format, which aimed to measure the engagement and participation of GOT fans on the Internet, especially in two Facebook GOT communities during the fifth season of the series aired on HBO.

Sistemas de cálculo, análise e operação virtual: interferências de campos elétricos e magnéticos produzidas por estações radio base de acesso múltiplo por divisão de código em banda larga - WCDMA

In this work it was developed mathematical resolutions taking as parameter maximum intensity values for the interference analysis of electric and magnetic fields and was given two virtual computer system that supports families of CDMA and WCDMA technologies. The first family were developed computational resources to solve electric and magnetic field calculations and power densities in Radio Base stations , with the use of CDMA technology in the 800 MHz band , taking into account the permissible values referenced by the Commission International Protection on non-Ionizing Radiation . The first family is divided into two segments of calculation carried out in virtual operation. In the first segment to compute the interference field radiated by the base station with input information such as radio channel power; Gain antenna; Radio channel number; Operating frequency; Losses in the cable; Attenuation of direction; Minimum Distance; Reflections. Said computing system allows to quickly and without the need of implementing instruments for measurements, meet the following calculated values: Effective Radiated Power; Sector Power Density; Electric field in the sector; Magnetic field in the sector; Magnetic flux density; point of maximum permissible exposure of electric field and power density. The results are shown in charts for clarity of view of power density in the industry, as well as the coverage area definition. The computer module also includes folders specifications antennas, cables and towers used in cellular telephony, the following manufacturers: RFS World, Andrew, Karthein and BRASILSAT. Many are presented "links" network access "Internet" to supplement the cable specifications, antennas, etc. . In the second segment of the first family work with more variables , seeking to perform calculations quickly and safely assisting in obtaining results of radio signal loss produced by ERB . This module displays screens representing propagation systems denominated "A" and "B". By propagating "A" are obtained radio signal attenuation calculations in areas of urban models , dense urban , suburban , and rural open . In reflection calculations are present the reflection coefficients , the standing wave ratio , return loss , the reflected power ratio , as well as the loss of the signal by mismatch impedance. With the spread " B" seek radio signal losses in the survey line and not targeted , the effective area , the power density , the received power , the coverage radius , the conversion levels and the gain conversion systems radiant . The second family of virtual computing system consists of 7 modules of which 5 are geared towards the design of WCDMA and 2 technology for calculation of telephone traffic serving CDMA and WCDMA . It includes a portfolio of radiant systems used on the site. In the virtual operation of the module 1 is compute-: distance frequency reuse, channel capacity with noise and without noise, Doppler frequency, modulation rate and channel efficiency; Module 2 includes computes the cell area, thermal noise, noise power (dB), noise figure, signal to noise ratio, bit of power (dBm); with the module 3 reaches the calculation: breakpoint, processing gain (dB) loss in the space of BTS, noise power (w), chip period and frequency reuse factor. Module 4 scales effective radiated power, sectorization gain, voice activity and load effect. The module 5 performs the calculation processing gain (Hz / bps) bit time, bit energy (Ws). Module 6 deals with the telephone traffic and scales 1: traffic volume, occupancy intensity, average time of occupancy, traffic intensity, calls completed, congestion. Module 7 deals with two telephone traffic and allows calculating call completion and not completed in HMM. Tests were performed on the mobile network performance field for the calculation of data relating to: CINP , CPI , RSRP , RSRQ , EARFCN , Drop Call , Block Call , Pilot , Data Bler , RSCP , Short Call, Long Call and Data Call ; ECIO - Short Call and Long Call , Data Call Troughput . As survey were conducted surveys of electric and magnetic field in an ERB , trying to observe the degree of exposure to non-ionizing radiation they are exposed to the general public and occupational element. The results were compared to permissible values for health endorsed by the ICNIRP and the CENELEC .

Asumiendo las consecuencias negativas de la adicción al juego

La adicción al juego no sólo se caracteriza por la pérdida de control ante el juego, sino que esta conducta tiende a generar problemas en los diferentes ámbitos de la vida del ludópata. Por ello, este aspecto se recoge en el Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales-5 (DSM-V) como uno de los criterios para realizar su valoración diagnóstica. Objetivo: describir y analizar los diferentes elementos que conforman la compleja problemática aparejada a esta adicción y que pueden terminar en situaciones de exclusión social. Método: Se opta por una metodología cualitativa que se ajusta mejor a los intereses del estudio. Como técnica se ha seleccionado la historia de vida, instrumento de evaluación que permite conocer la verdadera magnitud del problema desde el punto de vista de los afectados. Resultados. De manera general, se ha descubierto que ser ludópata tiene muchos más consecuentes que el problema económico evidente. No debemos despreciar las implicaciones de esta conducta a otros niveles: familiar, laboral, legal y social, que pueden considerarse, a medio plazo, como factores mucho más execrables que el del mero gasto económico. Conclusión. Es fácil avistar que los graves problemas que acarrea la adicción al juego son capaces de desmembrar el proyecto vital del ludópata y el de su familia. Todo vale, aunque para ello tenga que jugarse su puesto de trabajo, su casa, su familia, sus amistades, su estatus social y su propia dignidad.

Return Migration in the Ecuadorian and Bolivian population: motivations, strategies and discourses

This article analyses the motivations for return migration among the Ecuadorians and Bolivians who, after living in Spain, returned to their countries of origin during the economic crisis that started in 2008. From the analysis of 22 interviews in-depth which took place in Ecuador and 38 in Bolivia to women, men and young people from migrant families, this decision-making process is shown to be embedded into a gendered dynamics of relationships. Particular detail is given to affective and economic elements that had an influence on the decision to return, as well as to the strategies deployed to project their readjustment back in origin. Males and females occupy differential positions within the family, work and social circle, their expectations being built in a gendered manner. Despite the fact migration has brought women greater economic power within the family group, their reintegration upon return redefines their role as main managers in the household and the dynamics that allow their social reproduction. Men, for their part, aspire to refresh their role as providers in spite of their frail labour position upon return. Social mobility for females is passed on through generations by a strong investment on education for their daughters and sons, while for males this mobility revolves around setting up family businesses and around their demonstrative abilities.

Pratiquer l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes au sein des organisations : étude de cas des ONG au Mali.

Cette thèse analyse les pratiques d’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes au sein des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) maliennes qui ont reçu du financement canadien. En effet, l’aide publique au développement a subi des transformations majeures depuis les années 1950. L’une de ces transformations a été le rôle important joué par les ONG dans les années 1990, à la suite de l’adoption des politiques d’ajustements structurels et de la fin de la monopolisation par l’État en ce qui a trait à l’aide publique pour les projets de développement. Entre autres, les ONG ont été sollicitées pour promouvoir les politiques d’égalité entre hommes et femmes. L’importance des ONG dans l’aide publique au développement a créé des relations de dépendances vis-à-vis des bailleurs de fonds qui imposent des conditionnalités. Nos résultats ont montré que les bailleurs de fonds exigent l’égalité entre les sexes en ce qui concerne les bénéficiaires des programmes, mais, paradoxalement, ne l’exigent pas à l’intérieur des ONG et dans leurs ressources humaines. En analysant la composition du personnel de huit ONG maliennes, nos résultats montrent que 34 % du personnel sont des femmes alors que 66 % sont des hommes, ce qui démontre un déséquilibre assez important en matière de parité. Cependant, une analyse plus fine nous indique que les pratiques d’égalité entre femmes et hommes dans les structures et dans la gestion des ressources humaines diffèrent d’une ONG à une autre. Ces pratiques dépendent beaucoup de la volonté et des valeurs des gestionnaires. Notre recherche a fait ressortir plusieurs explications de cette disparité au niveau de l’emploi des femmes. Les raisons souvent mentionnées étaient : 1) la nécessité d’avoir du personnel compétent, 2) la conciliation famille-travail, 3) le contexte socioculturel, 4) l’interprétation de la religion musulmane en matière d’égalité. En effet, nos résultats ont démontré que sous l’influence des bailleurs de fonds les ONG se sont professionnalisées, que l’impact de la professionnalisation a été différent selon le genre et que celle-ci s’est faite aux dépens des femmes. Ainsi, certains gestionnaires, quel que soit leur sexe, préfèrent recruter plus d’hommes parce qu’ils les jugent plus compétents.Nos résultats confirment la théorie du plafond de verre qui met en exergue le fait que les femmes ont de la difficulté à accéder à des postes de responsabilité. Nos résultats ont aussi démontré qu’au Mali, le contexte socioculturel et la religion jouent un grand rôle dans les relations sociales et surtout en ce qui concerne la place des femmes au sein de la société.

Trabalho e família: um estudo da interação de papéis com secretários executivos

The balance between the demands of two important spheres of human life, work and family, has become a challenge due to the pressures of the contemporary that is expanding around the difficulties of reconciling these two comínios. In this sense, this research aimed to understand the work-family interaction in the perception of executive secretaries. The analysis approach used was qualitative research, by worrying about a reality that can not be quantified due to the subjectivity of his goal. The data collection technique used was the semistructured interview to twenty executive secretaries, servants of a Federal Institution of Higher Education. For the understanding and interpretation of the data, we used the technique of content analysis. The results of both analyzes identified the existence of conflict as enrichment in this interaction. The time was identified as the largest generator of conflict work. The overload, relationship stress and conflict emerged as elements common to both domains. As main implications of labor disputes, were revealed: problamas health for secretaries and stress. As main implications of family conflicts emerged: motivation for work, lower performance and lack of concentration. The attempt at balance was identified as the strategy most used by secretaries to minimize work-family conflict. The work-family enrichment was seen as resources that contribute to improving the lives of the secretary in both domains. The opportunity to add knowledge was highlighted as enriching element of work and family values ​​as elements enriching family. The support and experience emerged as enrichment items common to both domains. Regarding the implications of enrichment resulting from the interaction of work and family, the more perceived by respondents were: increased knowledge and skills, material and psychological benefits, improved quality of life and personal and professional fulfillment. From the perception of executive secretaries, work and family spheres of human life are essential and complementary, and that help is contrary, however, this relationship is the primary management of conflicts, ie, how the individual sees and manages the negative side of the work-family

Pratiquer l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes au sein des organisations : étude de cas des ONG au Mali

Cette thèse analyse les pratiques d’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes au sein des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) maliennes qui ont reçu du financement canadien. En effet, l’aide publique au développement a subi des transformations majeures depuis les années 1950. L’une de ces transformations a été le rôle important joué par les ONG dans les années 1990, à la suite de l’adoption des politiques d’ajustements structurels et de la fin de la monopolisation par l’État en ce qui a trait à l’aide publique pour les projets de développement. Entre autres, les ONG ont été sollicitées pour promouvoir les politiques d’égalité entre hommes et femmes. L’importance des ONG dans l’aide publique au développement a créé des relations de dépendances vis-à-vis des bailleurs de fonds qui imposent des conditionnalités. Nos résultats ont montré que les bailleurs de fonds exigent l’égalité entre les sexes en ce qui concerne les bénéficiaires des programmes, mais, paradoxalement, ne l’exigent pas à l’intérieur des ONG et dans leurs ressources humaines. En analysant la composition du personnel de huit ONG maliennes, nos résultats montrent que 34 % du personnel sont des femmes alors que 66 % sont des hommes, ce qui démontre un déséquilibre assez important en matière de parité. Cependant, une analyse plus fine nous indique que les pratiques d’égalité entre femmes et hommes dans les structures et dans la gestion des ressources humaines diffèrent d’une ONG à une autre. Ces pratiques dépendent beaucoup de la volonté et des valeurs des gestionnaires. Notre recherche a fait ressortir plusieurs explications de cette disparité au niveau de l’emploi des femmes. Les raisons souvent mentionnées étaient : 1) la nécessité d’avoir du personnel compétent, 2) la conciliation famille-travail, 3) le contexte socioculturel, 4) l’interprétation de la religion musulmane en matière d’égalité. En effet, nos résultats ont démontré que sous l’influence des bailleurs de fonds les ONG se sont professionnalisées, que l’impact de la professionnalisation a été différent selon le genre et que celle-ci s’est faite aux dépens des femmes. Ainsi, certains gestionnaires, quel que soit leur sexe, préfèrent recruter plus d’hommes parce qu’ils les jugent plus compétents.Nos résultats confirment la théorie du plafond de verre qui met en exergue le fait que les femmes ont de la difficulté à accéder à des postes de responsabilité. Nos résultats ont aussi démontré qu’au Mali, le contexte socioculturel et la religion jouent un grand rôle dans les relations sociales et surtout en ce qui concerne la place des femmes au sein de la société.

Trabalho e família: um estudo da interação de papéis com secretários executivos

The balance between the demands of two important spheres of human life, work and family, has become a challenge due to the pressures of the contemporary that is expanding around the difficulties of reconciling these two comínios. In this sense, this research aimed to understand the work-family interaction in the perception of executive secretaries. The analysis approach used was qualitative research, by worrying about a reality that can not be quantified due to the subjectivity of his goal. The data collection technique used was the semistructured interview to twenty executive secretaries, servants of a Federal Institution of Higher Education. For the understanding and interpretation of the data, we used the technique of content analysis. The results of both analyzes identified the existence of conflict as enrichment in this interaction. The time was identified as the largest generator of conflict work. The overload, relationship stress and conflict emerged as elements common to both domains. As main implications of labor disputes, were revealed: problamas health for secretaries and stress. As main implications of family conflicts emerged: motivation for work, lower performance and lack of concentration. The attempt at balance was identified as the strategy most used by secretaries to minimize work-family conflict. The work-family enrichment was seen as resources that contribute to improving the lives of the secretary in both domains. The opportunity to add knowledge was highlighted as enriching element of work and family values ​​as elements enriching family. The support and experience emerged as enrichment items common to both domains. Regarding the implications of enrichment resulting from the interaction of work and family, the more perceived by respondents were: increased knowledge and skills, material and psychological benefits, improved quality of life and personal and professional fulfillment. From the perception of executive secretaries, work and family spheres of human life are essential and complementary, and that help is contrary, however, this relationship is the primary management of conflicts, ie, how the individual sees and manages the negative side of the work-family

Desafios de cuidar em serviço social : uma perspectiva crítica

Este artigo trata das relações entre cuidado, emancipação e Serviço Social, com o objetivo de uma reflexão crítica sobre uma temática que tem ficado obscurecida na discussão profissional. Faz uma análise do conceito de cuidado, enquanto ajuda, trabalho familiar da mulher e ação individual, para situá-lo no contexto das relações de poder, de descaso e abandono, próprio da sociedade capitalista. Considera o cuidar em uma perspectiva teórica e histórica democrática, exigindo a construção de valores éticos e de humanização da atenção profissional articulada à existência de suportes institucionais. Volta-se ao reconhecimento do outro como sujeito individual e coletivo de direitos, na efetivação de sua autonomia, da democracia e da cidadania no contexto da história social, e nas condições do sujeito combinando atenção às suas necessidades, às suas expressões e à inclusão social com valores éticos e processos de atuação profissional explicitados. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT