Assessing the integrated sustainability of a public rental housing project from the perspective of complex eco-system

Public rental housing (PRH) projects are the mainstream of China's new affordable housing policies, and their integrated sustainability has a far-reaching effect on medium-low income families' well-being and social stability. However, there are few quantitative researches on the integrated sustainability of PRH projects. Our study tries to fill this gap through proposing an assessment model of the integrated sustainability for PRH projects. First, this paper defines what the sustainability of a PRH project is. Second, after constructing the sustainable system of a PRH project from the perspective of complex eco-system, the paper explores the internal operation mechanism and the coupling mechanism among the ecological, economic and social subsystems. Third, it identifies fourteen indices to represent the sustainability system of a PRH project, including six indices of ecological subsystem, five of economic subsystem and three of social subsystem. Fourth, it qualifies the weights of three subsystems and their internal representative indices. In addition, an assessment model is established through expert surveys and analytic network process (ANP). Finally, the paper carries out an empirical research on a PRH project in Nanjing city of China, followed by suggestions to enhance the integrated sustainability. The sustainability system and its evaluation model proposed in this paper are concise and easy to understand and can provide a theoretical foundation and a scientific basis for the evaluation and optimization of PRH projects.

Risk minimization in water quality control problems of a river system

Methodologies are presented for minimization of risk in a river water quality management problem. A risk minimization model is developed to minimize the risk of low water quality along a river in the face of conflict among various stake holders. The model consists of three parts: a water quality simulation model, a risk evaluation model with uncertainty analysis and an optimization model. Sensitivity analysis, First Order Reliability Analysis (FORA) and Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to evaluate the fuzzy risk of low water quality. Fuzzy multiobjective programming is used to formulate the multiobjective model. Probabilistic Global Search Laussane (PGSL), a global search algorithm developed recently, is used for solving the resulting non-linear optimization problem. The algorithm is based on the assumption that better sets of points are more likely to be found in the neighborhood of good sets of points, therefore intensifying the search in the regions that contain good solutions. Another model is developed for risk minimization, which deals with only the moments of the generated probability density functions of the water quality indicators. Suitable skewness values of water quality indicators, which lead to low fuzzy risk are identified. Results of the models are compared with the results of a deterministic fuzzy waste load allocation model (FWLAM), when methodologies are applied to the case study of Tunga-Bhadra river system in southern India, with a steady state BOD-DO model. The fractional removal levels resulting from the risk minimization model are slightly higher, but result in a significant reduction in risk of low water quality. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Wood procurement in the pressure of change.

Linear optimization model was used to calculate seven wood procurement scenarios for years 1990, 2000 and 2010. Productivity and cost functions for seven cutting, five terrain transport, three long distance transport and various work supervision and scaling methods were calculated from available work study reports. All method's base on Nordic cut to length system. Finland was divided in three parts for description of harvesting conditions. Twenty imaginary wood processing points and their wood procurement areas were created for these areas. The procurement systems, which consist of the harvesting conditions and work productivity functions, were described as a simulation model. In the LP-model the wood procurement system has to fulfil the volume and wood assortment requirements of processing points by minimizing the procurement cost. The model consists of 862 variables and 560 restrictions. Results show that it is economical to increase the mechanical work in harvesting. Cost increment alternatives effect only little on profitability of manual work. The areas of later thinnings and seed tree- and shelter wood cuttings increase on cost of first thinnings. In mechanized work one method, 10-tonne one grip harvester and forwarder, is gaining advantage among other methods. Working hours of forwarder are decreasing opposite to the harvester. There is only little need to increase the number of harvesters and trucks or their drivers from today's level. Quite large fluctuations in level of procurement and cost can be handled by constant number of machines, by alternating the number of season workers and by driving machines in two shifts. It is possible, if some environmental problems of large scale summer time harvesting can be solved.

Avaliação dos algoritmos de Picard-Krylov e Newton-Krylov na solução da equação de Richards

A engenharia geotécnica é uma das grandes áreas da engenharia civil que estuda a interação entre as construções realizadas pelo homem ou de fenômenos naturais com o ambiente geológico, que na grande maioria das vezes trata-se de solos parcialmente saturados. Neste sentido, o desempenho de obras como estabilização, contenção de barragens, muros de contenção, fundações e estradas estão condicionados a uma correta predição do fluxo de água no interior dos solos. Porém, como a área das regiões a serem estudas com relação à predição do fluxo de água são comumente da ordem de quilômetros quadrados, as soluções dos modelos matemáticos exigem malhas computacionais de grandes proporções, ocasionando sérias limitações associadas aos requisitos de memória computacional e tempo de processamento. A fim de contornar estas limitações, métodos numéricos eficientes devem ser empregados na solução do problema em análise. Portanto, métodos iterativos para solução de sistemas não lineares e lineares esparsos de grande porte devem ser utilizados neste tipo de aplicação. Em suma, visto a relevância do tema, esta pesquisa aproximou uma solução para a equação diferencial parcial de Richards pelo método dos volumes finitos em duas dimensões, empregando o método de Picard e Newton com maior eficiência computacional. Para tanto, foram utilizadas técnicas iterativas de resolução de sistemas lineares baseados no espaço de Krylov com matrizes pré-condicionadoras com a biblioteca numérica Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation (PETSc). Os resultados indicam que quando se resolve a equação de Richards considerando-se o método de PICARD-KRYLOV, não importando o modelo de avaliação do solo, a melhor combinação para resolução dos sistemas lineares é o método dos gradientes biconjugados estabilizado mais o pré-condicionador SOR. Por outro lado, quando se utiliza as equações de van Genuchten deve ser optar pela combinação do método dos gradientes conjugados em conjunto com pré-condicionador SOR. Quando se adota o método de NEWTON-KRYLOV, o método gradientes biconjugados estabilizado é o mais eficiente na resolução do sistema linear do passo de Newton, com relação ao pré-condicionador deve-se dar preferência ao bloco Jacobi. Por fim, há evidências que apontam que o método PICARD-KRYLOV pode ser mais vantajoso que o método de NEWTON-KRYLOV, quando empregados na resolução da equação diferencial parcial de Richards.

Estudo comparativo entre os indicadores utilizados em modelo de avaliação de atletas de futebol com os métodos contábeis de mensuração de ativos intangíveis

A presente pesquisa objetiva identificar o estado de compatibilidade entre os instrumentos contábeis de mensuração de ativos intangíveis e aqueles utilizados para estabelecer o valor econômico de atletas de futebol. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso único em uma empresa de consultoria que realiza tal avaliação de atleta, com intuito de aprofundar na pesquisa de forma exploratória. As técnicas utilizadas para dar suporte à pesquisa foram análise documental e pesquisa semiestruturada, que contribuíram com os objetivos específicos deste estudo, além da análise bibliográfica. Como resultado de pesquisa pode-se verificar um alinhamento entre os indicadores de avaliação de atletas de futebol utilizados pela empresa objeto desse estudo e aqueles utilizados pelos métodos contábeis para avaliação dos ativos intangíveis com foco no capital humano. Dessa forma, o resultado apresentou a identificação de dez indicadores de alinhamentos, evidenciando uma padronização dos métodos e contribuindo com a redução da subjetividade na forma de avaliar os ativos intangíveis de uma maneira geral.

分组密码检测方法与评估模型研究

分组密码在信息安全领域有着广泛的应用。密码算法标准化掀起了算法设计分析的新高潮，也使得密码算法的检测和评估成为新的研究热点。如何对分组密码进行科学合理的检测评估是一个复杂的系统工程，涉及到很多理论和技术问题。 本文对其中存在的关键问题：随机性检测项目相关性和参数选择、针对分组密码设计新的检测方法、快速检测技术以及合理实用的量化评估模型等内容进行了研究，取得了一系列的成果。这些研究成果将会促进密码算法检测分析自动化及密码评估实用化的发展，也会为密码算法标准化和密码检测标准化提供理论和技术支持。 具体而言，本文的研究成果可以总结为以下5个方面： 1) 对随机性检测项目相关性进行了研究:推导出了二元推导检测与自相关检测在参数为2k时的等价关系；提出了检测项目相关度的概念,并利用熵值法对检测项目相关度进行量化度量。该研究结果为随机性检测的项目选择提供了理论依据。 2) 对随机性检测参数选择进行了研究：首先推导出独立参数应满足的条件，以此为基础设计了一个用于检测两个参数之间依赖关系的假设检验算法。该研究结果为随机性检测的参数选择提供了一种可操作的手段。 3) 针对分组密码的特点，设计了一个新的统计检测方法。该方法以分组长度为基本单位，充分利用统计检测模型通用、自动化程度高的优势，可以一定程度上反映出分组密码抵抗积分攻击的能力。 4) 对分组密码组件检测方法的快速实现进行了研究，提出一个基于阈值过滤的S盒透明阶检测方法。该方法通过引入阈值去掉大量无效的运算，从而大幅提高了S盒透明阶的计算速度。该研究结果为大规模S盒的实用化提供了技术支持。 5) 对分组密码量化评估进行了研究，给出了一个基于模糊多准则决策的综合评估模型。其中采用隶属度函数对检测结果进行模糊化处理,能够反映出指标的连续、渐变特点,有效解决了单纯的阈值方法造成的评估信息丢失问题，也为量化评估提供了基础。该评估模型为分组密码的综合评估提供了新思路。

集群网络评测模型的新探索

传统集群网络(cluster area network,简称cLAN)的评测模型主要考虑了延迟、带宽、路由、拥塞、网络拓扑结构等因素.但这些因素是否足以描述实际应用程序在集群上的通信行为,或者对其在集群系统上的性能给出一个很好的预测呢?当对NAS Parallel Benchmark(2.4版本)在集群系统深腾1800(DeepComp 1800)上进行大量测试时发现,集群网络的通信性能可以被一种特殊的通信模式(LU模式)所严重影响.更深入的研究表明,这个影响LU模式的因素是独立于前面所述的如延迟、带宽、路由、拥塞、网络拓扑结构等因素的.因此有必要对集群网络的评测模型重新进行审视,并增加一个新的性能评测因子以反映这个新发现的现象.从研究结果来看,这个重新审视也将对集群系统上的并行算法设计以及实际大规模科学计算的应用程序性能的优化提供一些新的思路.

基于安全状态域的网络评估模型

将基于攻击图的评估与依赖标准的评估相结合,提出了一种基于安全状态域(security state region,简称SSR)的网络安全评估模型(security-state-region-based evaluation model,简称SSREM).该模型将攻击的影响分为攻击能力改变和环境改变,通过两者之间的因果关系建立数学模型,提出了安全状态域趋向指数的概念,借助Matlab进行攻击趋势的曲面拟合,进而进行安全状态域的划分和网络的安全性评估.实验结果表明,依据SSREM进行的评估能够通过安全状态城和安全状态域趋向指数反映网络进入不同状态的难易程度,对网络安全性量化评估具有借鉴意义.

基于模糊评价的分组密码随机性评估模型

检测评估是研究密码算法安全性的重要技术手段.随机特性是其中重要而实用的测评内容.针对密码算法的随机性,已有多种不同的检测方法,但是对繁杂的随机性检测结果,尚不存在一个完整实用的量化评估体系和模型.选择分组密码为实例,研究了对密码算法随机性的量化评估.根据分组密码的设计准则,提出一个分组密码随机性的评估指标体系,以模糊多准则决策为基础给出了一个实用的分组密码随机性评估模型.该模型采用模糊数学中的隶属度函数方法,对随机性检测结果进行模糊化处理,能够反映出随机性的连续和渐变特点,有效解决了单纯的阈值方法造成的评估信息丢失问题.该模型的优点是实现了对分组密码随机性的量化评估,为密码算法的综合评估提供基础.同时,给出了对单个指标和属性的通用的评估流程,因此,该模型也可稍加修改和扩展,应用于其他类型密码算法的随机性评估中.

反水雷UUV的作战效能模型分析

针对UUV的战术技术性能和使用特点,基于WSEIAC方法建立了反水雷UUV的作战效能基本评估模型,系统地论述了反水雷UUV作战效能的定义、量度和反水雷UUV作战效能基本评估模型及效能评定所涉及的UUV可用性、可信性及作战能力的分析方法。该模型能鲜明反映UUV装备的系统效能的物理本质,并在工程应用上具有简便灵活的特点,对于设计反水雷UUV——一种未来海军必要的新型反水雷装备,具有重要的指导意义。

储层注聚合物后测井评价研究

Since physical properties and resistivity of mixed formation fluid change after polymer and water flood reservoir, transformational electric properties of water and polymer flooded zones challenges log interpretation. Conventional log interpretation methods to water flooded reservoirs cannot be employed to water and polymer flooded zones. According to difficulties in water and polymer flooded zones interpretation, we analyzed the variation of electric properties of mixed formation fluid, reservoir parameters and log correspondences, then got further understanding of the applicability of Archie Equations. As the results, we provided reservoir parameter evaluation model in water and polymer flooded zones in this paper. This research shows that micro pore structure, physical parameters and electric correspondence of reservoirs change after being flooded by water and polymer. The resistivity variation of mixed formation fluid depends mainly on affixation conductivity of polymer and salinity of formation water, which is the key to log interpretation and evaluation. Therefore, we summerized the laws of log correspondence in different polymer injection ways, developed electric discrimination model for water and polymer flooded zones, as well as charts to identify flooding conditions with resistivity and sonic logs. Further rock-electric tests and conductive mechanism analysis indicate that the resistivity increasing coefficient(I) and water saturation(Sw) are still in concordance with classical Archie Equations, which can be utilized in quantitative evaluation on water and polymer flooded reservoirs. This sets of methods greatly improved accuracy in water and polymer flooded zone evaluation.

滑坡泥石流信息遥感获取与空间预测

On the issue of geological hazard evaluation（GHE）, taking remote sensing and GIS systems as experimental environment, assisting with some programming development, this thesis combines multi-knowledges of geo-hazard mechanism, statistic learning, remote sensing (RS), high-spectral recognition, spatial analysis, digital photogrammetry as well as mineralogy, and selects geo-hazard samples from Hong Kong and Three Parallel River region as experimental data, to study two kinds of core questions of GHE, geo-hazard information acquiring and evaluation model. In the aspect of landslide information acquiring by RS, three detailed topics are presented, image enhance for visual interpretation, automatic recognition of landslide as well as quantitative mineral mapping. As to the evaluation model, the latest and powerful data mining method, support vector machine (SVM), is introduced to GHE field, and a serious of comparing experiments are carried out to verify its feasibility and efficiency. Furthermore, this paper proposes a method to forecast the distribution of landslides if rainfall in future is known baseing on historical rainfall and corresponding landslide susceptibility map. The details are as following: (a) Remote sensing image enhancing methods for geo-hazard visual interpretation. The effect of visual interpretation is determined by RS data and image enhancing method, for which the most effective and regular technique is image merge between high-spatial image and multi-spectral image, but there are few researches concerning the merging methods of geo-hazard recognition. By the comparing experimental of six mainstream merging methods and combination of different remote sensing data source, this thesis presents merits of each method ,and qualitatively analyzes the effect of spatial resolution, spectral resolution and time phase on merging image. (b) Automatic recognition of shallow landslide by RS image. The inventory of landslide is the base of landslide forecast and landslide study. If persistent collecting of landslide events, updating the geo-hazard inventory in time, and promoting prediction model incessantly, the accuracy of forecast would be boosted step by step. RS technique is a feasible method to obtain landslide information, which is determined by the feature of geo-hazard distribution. An automatic hierarchical approach is proposed to identify shallow landslides in vegetable region by the combination of multi-spectral RS imagery and DEM derivatives, and the experiment is also drilled to inspect its efficiency. (c) Hazard-causing factors obtaining. Accurate environmental factors are the key to analyze and predict the risk of regional geological hazard. As to predict huge debris flow, the main challenge is still to determine the startup material and its volume in debris flow source region. Exerting the merits of various RS technique, this thesis presents the methods to obtain two important hazard-causing factors, DEM and alteration mineral, and through spatial analysis, finds the relationship between hydrothermal clay alteration minerals and geo-hazards in the arid-hot valleys of Three Parallel Rivers region. (d) Applying support vector machine (SVM) to landslide susceptibility mapping. Introduce the latest and powerful statistical learning theory, SVM, to RGHE. SVM that proved an efficient statistic learning method can deal with two-class and one-class samples, with feature avoiding produce ‘pseudo’ samples. 55 years historical samples in a natural terrain of Hong Kong are used to assess this method, whose susceptibility maps obtained by one-class SVM and two-class SVM are compared to that obtained by logistic regression method. It can conclude that two-class SVM possesses better prediction efficiency than logistic regression and one-class SVM. However, one-class SVM, only requires failed cases, has an advantage over the other two methods as only "failed" case information is usually available in landslide susceptibility mapping. (e) Predicting the distribution of rainfall-induced landslides by time-series analysis. Rainfall is the most dominating factor to bring in landslides. More than 90% losing and casualty by landslides is introduced by rainfall, so predicting landslide sites under certain rainfall is an important geological evaluating issue. With full considering the contribution of stable factors (landslide susceptibility map) and dynamic factors (rainfall), the time-series linear regression analysis between rainfall and landslide risk mapis presented, and experiments based on true samples prove that this method is perfect in natural region of Hong Kong. The following 4 practicable or original findings are obtained: 1) The RS ways to enhance geo-hazards image, automatic recognize shallow landslides, obtain DEM and mineral are studied, and the detailed operating steps are given through examples. The conclusion is practical strongly. 2) The explorative researching about relationship between geo-hazards and alteration mineral in arid-hot valley of Jinshajiang river is presented. Based on standard USGS mineral spectrum, the distribution of hydrothermal alteration mineral is mapped by SAM method. Through statistic analysis between debris flows and hazard-causing factors, the strong correlation between debris flows and clay minerals is found and validated. 3) Applying SVM theory (especially one-class SVM theory) to the landslide susceptibility mapping and system evaluation for its performance is also carried out, which proves that advantages of SVM in this field. 4) Establishing time-serial prediction method for rainfall induced landslide distribution. In a natural study area, the distribution of landslides induced by a storm is predicted successfully under a real maximum 24h rainfall based on the regression between 4 historical storms and corresponding landslides.

孤东油田馆陶组河流相储层流动单元模型与剩余油分布规律研究

Since C.L. Hearn presented the concept of flow unit in 1984, its generation mechanisms and controlling factors have been studied in many aspects using different methods by researchers. There are some basic methods to do the research, and there are several concepts and classification standards about flow unit. Based on previous achievements and using methodologies from sedimentary geology, geophysics, seismic stratigraphy, and reservoir engineering, the author systemically studies the factors controlling flow unit, puts forward a series of methods for recognition, classification and evaluation of flow unit. The results obtained in this paper have important significance not only for understanding the flow unit, but also for revealing the distribution of remaining oil. As a case, this paper deals with the reservoir rocks in Guantao Group of Gudong Oilfield. Zhanhua Sag, Jiyang Depression in Bohaiwan Basin. Based on the study of stratigraphic, depositional and structural characteristics, the author establishes reservoir geological models, reveals the geological characteristics of oil-bearing reservoir of fluvial facies, points out the factors controlling flow unit and geological parameters for classification of flow unit. and summarizes methods and technologies for flow unit study when geological, well-logging and mathematical methods are used. It is the first attempt in literatures to evaluate reservoir by well-logging data constrained by geological conditions, then a well-logging evaluation model can be built. This kind of model is more precise than ever for calculating physical parameters in flow unit. In a well bore, there are six methods to recognize a flow unit. Among them, the activity function and intra-layer difference methods are the most effective. Along a section, the composition type of flow unit can be located according amplitude and impedance on seismic section. Slice method and other methods are used to distinguish flow unit. In order to reveal the distribution laws of flow unit in space, the author create a new method, named combination and composition of flow unit. Based on microscopic pore structure research, the classification methods of flow unit are developed. There are three types of flow unit in the reservoir of fluvial facies. They have their own lithology, petrophysics and pore structure character. Using judgement method, standard functions are built to determine the class of flow unit of fluvial facies. Combining reservoir engineering methods, the distribution laws of remaining oil in different types, or in different part of a flow unit are studied. It is evident that the remaining oil is controlled by the type of flow unit. The author reveals the relationship between flow unit and remaining oil distribution, builds the flowing models, predicts the variation of reservoir parameters in space, put forward different methods developing remaining oil in different flow unit. Especially, based on the results obtained in this paper, some suggestions for the adjustment of the developing flow units have been applied in Districts No.4 and No.7, and good results have been yielded. So, the results of this paper can guide oil field development. They are useful and significant for developing the remaining oil and enhancing the oil recovery efficiency.

Best of the old alongside the new: training for part-time youth workers

Set against the dearth of published research into the effectiveness of youth leadership training programmes, the present study describes how a comprehensive evaluation model was utilised to evaluate one such programme in Northern Ireland over a 3-year period. The training welds together a traditional curriculum approach and a competence-based methodology to provide an integrated experience for the part-time youth worker participants (n = 128). Self-completion questionnaires and follow-up interviews with a random sample of these youth workers and their supervisors were used to collect data. Outcomes suggest that the synthesis of these two training strategies is not only effective in meeting the learning needs of youth workers, but also leads to identifiable improvements in the range and quality of youth work programmes available to young people