Balancing Energy and Performance in Dense Linear System Solvers for Hybrid ARM+GPU platforms

The high performance computing community has traditionally focused uniquely on the reduction of execution time, though in the last years, the optimization of energy consumption has become a main issue. A reduction of energy usage without a degradation of performance requires the adoption of energy-efficient hardware platforms accompanied by the development of energy-aware algorithms and computational kernels. The solution of linear systems is a key operation for many scientific and engineering problems. Its relevance has motivated an important amount of work, and consequently, it is possible to find high performance solvers for a wide variety of hardware platforms. In this work, we aim to develop a high performance and energy-efficient linear system solver. In particular, we develop two solvers for a low-power CPU-GPU platform, the NVIDIA Jetson TK1. These solvers implement the Gauss-Huard algorithm yielding an efficient usage of the target hardware as well as an efficient memory access. The experimental evaluation shows that the novel proposal reports important savings in both time and energy-consumption when compared with the state-of-the-art solvers of the platform.

Profiling : an application assignment approach for green data centers

In the past few years, there has been a steady increase in the attention, importance and focus of green initiatives related to data centers. While various energy aware measures have been developed for data centers, the requirement of improving the performance efficiency of application assignment at the same time has yet to be fulfilled. For instance, many energy aware measures applied to data centers maintain a trade-off between energy consumption and Quality of Service (QoS). To address this problem, this paper presents a novel concept of profiling to facilitate offline optimization for a deterministic application assignment to virtual machines. Then, a profile-based model is established for obtaining near-optimal allocations of applications to virtual machines with consideration of three major objectives: energy cost, CPU utilization efficiency and application completion time. From this model, a profile-based and scalable matching algorithm is developed to solve the profile-based model. The assignment efficiency of our algorithm is then compared with that of the Hungarian algorithm, which does not scale well though giving the optimal solution.

Energy–aware forwarding strategies for delay tolerant networking (DTN) routing protocols

This research addresses efficient use of the available energy in resource constrained mobile sensor nodes to prevent early depletion of the battery and maximize the packet delivery rate. This research contributes two energy-aware enhancement strategies to improve the network lifetime and delivery probability for energy constrained applications in the delay-tolerant networking environment.

Compiler-assisted power optimization for clustered VLIW architectures

Clustered VLIW architectures solve the scalability problem associated with flat VLIW architectures by partitioning the register file and connecting only a subset of the functional units to a register file. However, inter-cluster communication in clustered architectures leads to increased leakage in functional components and a high number of register accesses. In this paper, we propose compiler scheduling algorithms targeting two previously ignored power-hungry components in clustered VLIW architectures, viz., instruction decoder and register file. We consider a split decoder design and propose a new energy-aware instruction scheduling algorithm that provides 14.5% and 17.3% benefit in the decoder power consumption on an average over a purely hardware based scheme in the context of 2-clustered and 4-clustered VLIW machines. In the case of register files, we propose two new scheduling algorithms that exploit limited register snooping capability to reduce extra register file accesses. The proposed algorithms reduce register file power consumption on an average by 6.85% and 11.90% (10.39% and 17.78%), respectively, along with performance improvement of 4.81% and 5.34% (9.39% and 11.16%) over a traditional greedy algorithm for 2-clustered (4-clustered) VLIW machine. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

feedback fuzzy-dvs scheduling of control tasks

To consider the energy-aware scheduling problem in computer-controlled systems is necessary to improve the control performance, to use the limited computing resource sufficiently, and to reduce the energy consumption to extend the lifetime of the whole system. In this paper, the scheduling problem of multiple control tasks is discussed based on an adjustable voltage processor. A feedback fuzzy-DVS (dynamic voltage scaling) scheduling architecture is presented by applying technologies of the feedback control and the fuzzy DVS. The simulation results show that, by using the actual utilization as the feedback information to adjust the supply voltage of processor dynamically, the high CPU utilization can be implemented under the precondition of guaranteeing the control performance, whilst the low energy consumption can be achieved as well. The proposed method can be applied to the design in computer-controlled systems based on an adjustable voltage processor.

移动自组网中基于节能的AODV路由协议改进

在AODV路由算法的基础上,综合考虑节点剩余能量和跳数,提出了一种新的节能路由策略.该策略同时对数据包和路由控制包进行功率控制,改进了Hello机制.仿真结果显示该策略显著地提高了节能效果,延长了网络的生存时间.

面向网络生存时间的传感器网络融合延迟分配算法

融合延迟分配策略是影响数据融合效率的重要因素之一,而数据融合的目的是减少数据冗余,降低网络能量消耗,延长网络生存时间.提出了一种面向网络生存时间的延迟分配算法,该算法直接以网络生存时间为优化目标,根据对网络生存时间的贡献分配传输延迟;通过理论推导证明了该算法的有效性;引入动态规划方程,给出了该算法的具体实现;最后通过仿真实验给出了各参数对网络生存时间的影响关系.

Inter layer and cooperative design strategies for green mobile networks

The promise of a truly mobile experience is to have the freedom to roam around anywhere and not be bound to a single location. However, the energy required to keep mobile devices connected to the network over extended periods of time quickly dissipates. In fact, energy is a critical resource in the design of wireless networks since wireless devices are usually powered by batteries. Furthermore, multi-standard mobile devices are allowing users to enjoy higher data rates with ubiquitous connectivity. However, the bene ts gained from multiple interfaces come at a cost in terms of energy consumption having profound e ect on the mobile battery lifetime and standby time. This concern is rea rmed by the fact that battery lifetime is one of the top reasons why consumers are deterred from using advanced multimedia services on their mobile on a frequent basis. In order to secure market penetration for next generation services energy e ciency needs to be placed at the forefront of system design. However, despite recent e orts, energy compliant features in legacy technologies are still in its infancy, and new disruptive architectures coupled with interdisciplinary design approaches are required in order to not only promote the energy gain within a single protocol layer, but to enhance the energy gain from a holistic perspective. A promising approach is cooperative smart systems, that in addition to exploiting context information, are entities that are able to form a coalition and cooperate in order to achieve a common goal. Migrating from this baseline, this thesis investigates how these technology paradigm can be applied towards reducing the energy consumption in mobile networks. In addition, we introduce an additional energy saving dimension by adopting an interlayer design so that protocol layers are designed to work in synergy with the host system, rather than independently, for harnessing energy. In this work, we exploit context information, cooperation and inter-layer design for developing new energy e cient and technology agnostic building blocks for mobile networks. These technology enablers include energy e cient node discovery and short-range cooperation for energy saving in mobile handsets, complemented by energy-aware smart scheduling for promoting energy saving on the network side. Analytical and simulations results were obtained, and veri ed in the lab on a real hardware testbed. Results have shown that up to 50% energy saving could be obtained.

Atribuição e encaminhamento de comprimento de onda em redes IP sobre WDM energeticamente eficiente

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações

Otimização energética em redes óticas de próxima geração Flex-grid vs Fixed-grid

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Eletrónica e Telecomunicações

Amostragem Adaptativa em Redes de Sensores

Uma nova área tecnológica está em crescente desenvolvimento. Esta área, denominada de internet das coisas, surge na necessidade de interligar vários objetos para uma melhoria a nível de serviços ou necessidades por parte dos utilizadores. Esta dissertação concentra-se numa área específica da tecnologia internet das coisas que é a sensorização. Esta rede de sensorização é implementada pelo projeto europeu denominado de Future Cities [1] onde se cria uma infraestrutura de investigação e validação de projetos e serviços inteligentes na cidade do Porto. O trabalho realizado nesta dissertação insere-se numa das plataformas existentes nessa rede de sensorização: a plataforma de sensores ambientais intitulada de UrbanSense. Estes sensores ambientais que estão incorporados em Data Collect Unit (DCU), também denominados por nós, medem variáveis ambientais tais como a temperatura, humidade, ozono e monóxido de carbono. No entanto, os nós têm recursos limitados em termos de energia, processamento e memória. Apesar das grandes evoluções a nível de armazenamento e de processamento, a nível energético, nomeadamente nas baterias, não existe ainda uma evolução tão notável, limitando a sua operacionalidade [2]. Esta tese foca-se, essencialmente, na melhoria do desempenho energético da rede de sensores UrbanSense. A principal contribuição é uma adaptação do protocolo de redes Ad Hoc OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing Protocol) para ser usado por nós alimentados a energia renovável, de forma a aumentar a vida útil dos nós da rede de sensorização. Com esta contribuição é possível obter um maior número de dados durante períodos de tempo mais longos, aproximadamente 10 horas relativamente às 7 horas anteriores, resultando numa maior recolha e envio dos mesmos com uma taxa superior, cerca de 500 KB/s. Existindo deste modo uma aproximação analítica dos vários parâmetros existentes na rede de sensorização. Contudo, o aumento do tempo de vida útil dos nós sensores com recurso à energia renovável, nomeadamente, energia solar, incrementa o seu peso e tamanho que limita a sua mobilidade. Com o referido acréscimo a determinar e a limitar a sua mobilidade exigindo, por isso, um planeamento prévio da sua localização. Numa primeira fase do trabalho analisou-se o consumo da DCU, visto serem estes a base na infraestrutura e comunicando entre si por WiFi ou 3G. Após uma análise dos protocolos de routing com iv suporte para parametrização energética, a escolha recaiu sobre o protocolo OLSR devido à maturidade e compatibilidade com o sistema atual da DCU, pois apesar de existirem outros protocolos, a implementação dos mesmos, não se encontram disponível como software aberto. Para a validação do trabalho realizado na presente dissertação, é realizado um ensaio prévio sem a energia renovável, para permitir caracterização de limitações do sistema. Com este ensaio, tornou-se possível verificar a compatibilidade entre os vários materiais e ajustamento de estratégias. Num segundo teste de validação é concretizado um ensaio real do sistema com 4 nós a comunicar, usando o protocolo com eficiência energética. O protocolo é avaliado em termos de aumento do tempo de vida útil do nó e da taxa de transferência. O desenvolvimento da análise e da adaptação do protocolo de rede Ad Hoc oferece uma maior longevidade em termos de tempo de vida útil, comparando ao que existe durante o processamento de envio de dados. Apesar do tempo de longevidade ser inferior, quando o parâmetro energético se encontra por omissão com o fator 3, a realização da adaptação do sistema conforme a energia, oferece uma taxa de transferência maior num período mais longo. Este é um fator favorável para a abertura de novos serviços de envio de dados em tempo real ou envio de ficheiros com um tamanho mais elevado.

Novel multicast protocols in ad-hoc networks

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Using Computational Significance and Resilience in System Software Stacks.:Keynote Talk

This talk explores how the runtime system and operating system can leverage metrics that express the significance and resilience of application components in order to reduce the energy footprint of parallel applications. We will explore in particular how software can tolerate and indeed exploit higher error rates in future processors and memory technologies that may operate outside their safe margins.

Lightweight Middleware for Software Defined Radio (SDR) Inter-Components Communication

The ability to use Software Defined Radio (SDR) in the civilian mobile applications will make it possible for the next generation of mobile devices to handle multi-standard personal wireless devices and ubiquitous wireless devices. The original military standard created many beneficial characteristics for SDR, but resulted in a number of disadvantages as well. Many challenges in commercializing SDR are still the subject of interest in the software radio research community. Four main issues that have been already addressed are performance, size, weight, and power. This investigation presents an in-depth study of SDR inter-components communications in terms of total link delay related to the number of components and packet sizes in systems based on Software Communication Architecture (SCA). The study is based on the investigation of the controlled environment platform. Results suggest that the total link delay does not linearly increase with the number of components and the packet sizes. The closed form expression of the delay was modeled using a logistic function in terms of the number of components and packet sizes. The model performed well when the number of components was large. Based upon the mobility applications, energy consumption has become one of the most crucial limitations. SDR will not only provide flexibility of multi-protocol support, but this desirable feature will also bring a choice of mobile protocols. Having such a variety of choices available creates a problem in the selection of the most appropriate protocol to transmit. An investigation in a real-time algorithm to optimize energy efficiency was also performed. Communication energy models were used including switching estimation to develop a waveform selection algorithm. Simulations were performed to validate the concept.

Special issue : Big data and cloud computing challenges

This special issue aims to discuss the issues and challenges in maintaining big data, which is now becoming a major issue for our technical environments. It will address the emerging problems of the 5 Vs of the data landscape: volume, variety, velocity, veracity and value.