Meeting of congregation for election of 6 trustees and to obtain a new charter

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Letters to Reverend Peixotto announcing election of Naphtali Phillips as Parnas

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Letter announcing election of Aaron Levy as trustee of K. K. S. I.

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Poll of an election held May 17, 1801

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Form of election notice for trustees in time of Gershom Seixas

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Poll of an election

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Notice of election of Benjamin Nathan

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Certificate of election of Isaac Moses as trustee

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Sermons by Gershom Mendes Seixas

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Notice of election of B. Nathan and S. Lazarus

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Poll of election

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Poll of an election to replace a trustee

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Election notices

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Letters regarding election of trustees

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Valence and spatial explanations for voting in the 2013 Australian election

This paper examines the 2013 Australian federal election to test two competing models of vote choice: spatial politics and valence issues. Using data from the 2013 Australian Election Study, the analysis finds that spatial politics (measured by party identification and self-placement on the left-right spectrum) and valence issues both have significant effects on vote choice. However, spatial measures are more important than valence issues in explaining vote choice, in contrast with recent studies from Britain, Canada and the United States. Explanations for these differences are speculative, but may relate to Australia’s stable party and electoral system, including compulsory voting and the frequency of elections. The consequently high information burden faced by Australian voters may lead to a greater reliance on spatial heuristics than is found elsewhere.