996 resultados para Duns Scotus, John, approximately 1266-1308.


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This dissertation examines the concept of beatific enjoyment (fruitio beatifica) in scholastic theology and philosophy in the thirteenth and early fourteenth century. The aim of the study is to explain what is enjoyment and to show why scholastic thinkers were interested in discussing it. The dissertation consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals with Aurelius Augustine's distinction between enjoyment and use and the place of enjoyment in the framework of Augustine's view of the passions and the human will. The first chapter also focuses upon the importance of Peter Lombard's Sentences for the transmission of Augustine's treatment of enjoyment in scholastic thought as well as upon Lombard's understanding of enjoyment. The second chapter treats thirteenth-century conceptions of the object and psychology of enjoyment. Material for this chapter is provided by the writings - mostly Sentences commentaries - of Alexander of Hales, Albert the Great, Bonaventure, Thomas Aquinas, Peter of Tarentaise, Robert Kilwardby, William de la Mare, Giles of Rome, and Richard of Middleton. The third chapter inspects early fourteenth-century views of the object and psychology of enjoyment. The fourth chapter focuses upon discussions of the enjoyment of the Holy Trinity. The fifth chapter discusses the contingency of beatific enjoyment. The main writers studied in the third, fourth and fifth chapters are John Duns Scotus, Peter Aureoli, Durandus of Saint Pourçain, William of Ockham, Walter Chatton, Robert Holcot, and Adam Wodeham. Historians of medieval intellectual history have emphasized the significance of the concept of beatific enjoyment for understanding the character and aims of scholastic theology and philosophy. The concept of beatific enjoyment was developed by Augustine on the basis of the insight that only God can satisfy our heart's desire. The possibility of satisfying this desire requires a right ordering of the human mind and a detachment of the will from the relative goals of earthly existence. Augustine placed this insight at the very foundation of the notion of Christian learning and education in his treatise On Christian Doctrine. Following Augustine, the twelfth-century scholastic theologian Peter Lombard made the concept of enjoyment the first topic in his plan of systematic theology. The official inclusion of Lombard's Sentences in the curriculum of theological studies in the early universities stimulated vigorous discussions of enjoyment. Enjoyment was understood as a volition and was analyzed in relation to cognition and other psychic features such as rest and pleasure. This study shows that early fourteenth-century authors deepened the analysis of enjoyment by concentrating upon the relationship between enjoyment and mental pleasure, the relationship between cognition and volition, and the relationship between the will and the beatific object (i.e., the Holy Trinity). The study also demonstrates the way in which the idea of enjoyment was affected by changes in the method of theological analysis - the application of Aristotelian logic in a Trinitarian context and the shift from virtue ethics to normative ethics.

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The objective of this study is to discuss the notion of history in Arendt, from the importance that needs the thought of Duns Scotus, particularly with regard to the primacy of the will. For the author, Scotus was a medieval thinkers to emphasize the role of free will as power in the face of intellect attached to the natural activity. The freedom to get an act featuring a world ruled by contingency. Now, for Arendt, that freedom is consistent with your idea of authentic political, and base a public space, defined by word and action of individuals. The history, which takes place from political activity, received various treatments, from Greek antiquity to the modern conception of process. It joined the idealistic conceptions, establishing universal ways of defining the future. However, if freedom is to characterize the vita activa, the history must seek the meaning of the facts to scrutinize their singular aspects, which fell to the continuo of universal explanation of the official history. It is, therefore, to approach the history from the perspective of singular narrative, from the spectators, those who founded the public space. Hence the importance of bipolar concepts such as nature and freedom, necessity and contingency, will and intellect, as Scotus.

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Attestation regarding the trial of Quelch and other defendants, who were convicted of piracy. Signed: John Valentine, registrar.

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Includes indexes.

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La concepción de la notitia intuitiva, tal como la entienden los filósofos del siglo XIV, constituye un modo de acceso a la realidad de cuño agustiniano que subsiste a pesar del progresivo avance de la teoría aristotélica de la abstracción. Tomando como punto de partida la notitia intuitiva, Ockham propone una construcción del conocimiento y de la ciencia que procura una interpretación más delimitada y precisa del pensamiento de Duns Escoto. Esta doctrina ockhamista va a ser puesta a prueba por un desarrollo paradojal vinculado al conocimiento de lo no-existente. La importancia del ejemplo ha sido clave a la hora de la valoración de su gnoseología. En particular, el tema es expuesto, con algunos matices de diferenciación, en tres obras: en la quaestio primera del Prólogo del Commentarium in Sententiis; en las quaestiones 12-13 de la Reportatio II y en las Quaestiones Quodlibetales V y VI, a las que también se suman precisiones puntualizadas en el marco de sus composiciones físicas, en particular, en las Quaestiones Physicorum. Constituye nuestro propósito el análisis de estas fuentes en orden a discernir la importancia que el controvertido paso asume en el marco de la gnoseología ockhamista. El ejemplo ha sido interpretado de modo contrastante: para algunos introduce claramente una concepción escéptica de la doctrina del conocimiento, en el sentido que, una vez admitida la posibilidad de una intuición de cosas que no existen, no tenemos ningún criterio para establecer cuándo nuestro conocimiento es objetivo o subjetivo. Para otros, en cambio, debe ser entendido como una hipótesis que no interfiere sobre el plano natural del conocimiento. El recurso a las fuentes nos permitirá comparar los planos de explicitación del ejemplo aludido y determinar su contexto y alcance en orden a un examen del problema en el doble ámbito de lo natural y de lo sobrenatural, aportando nuestras propias conclusiones al caso.

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by John Cary.

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by John Cary.

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by John Cary.