Operator's, organizational, and direct support maintenance manual : water distribution system : model WDS 20K ....

Includes index.

Organizational and direct support maintenance repair parts and special tools list : water distribution system : model WDS 20K ....

"18 June 1987."

Monte Carlo Bayesian system reliability and MTBF-confidence assessment : report for period March, 1974 - August, 1975 /

"Performing organization: Oklahoma State University, College of Business Administration , Stillwater."

The beta distribution in reliability and quality control /

Bibliography: leaves 41-43.

A cognitive genetic algorithm for power distribution system planning

Power systems are large scale nonlinear systems with high complexity. Various optimization techniques and expert systems have been used in power system planning. However, there are always some factors that cannot be quantified, modeled, or even expressed by expert systems. Moreover, such planning problems are often large scale optimization problems. Although computational algorithms that are capable of handling large dimensional problems can be used, the computational costs are still very high. To solve these problems, in this paper, investigation is made to explore the efficiency and effectiveness of combining mathematic algorithms with human intelligence. It had been discovered that humans can join the decision making progresses by cognitive feedback. Based on cognitive feedback and genetic algorithm, a new algorithm called cognitive genetic algorithm is presented. This algorithm can clarify and extract human's cognition. As an important application of this cognitive genetic algorithm, a practical decision method for power distribution system planning is proposed. By using this decision method, the optimal results that satisfy human expertise can be obtained and the limitations of human experts can be minimized in the mean time.

RSA-Grid: A grid computing based framework for power system reliability and security analysis

Grid computing is an emerging technology for providing the high performance computing capability and collaboration mechanism for solving the collaborated and complex problems while using the existing resources. In this paper, a grid computing based framework is proposed for the probabilistic based power system reliability and security analysis. The suggested name of this computing grid is Reliability and Security Grid (RSA-Grid). Then the architecture of this grid is presented. A prototype system has been built for further development of grid-based services for power systems reliability and security assessment based on probabilistic techniques, which require high performance computing and large amount of memory. Preliminary results based on prototype of this grid show that RSA-Grid can provide the comprehensive assessment results for real power systems efficiently and economically.

Voltage control on an uninhabited autonomous vehicle electrical distribution system

More-electric vehicle technology is becoming prevalent in a number of transportation systems because of its ability to improve efficiency and reduce costs. This paper examines the specific case of an Uninhabited Autonomous Vehicle (UAV), and the system topology and control elements required to achieve adequate dc distribution voltage bus regulation. Voltage control methods are investigated and a droop control scheme is implemented on the system. Simulation results are also presented.

A compact free space quantum key distribution system capable of daylight operation

A free space quantum key distribution system has been demonstrated. Consideration has been given to factors such as field of view and spectral width, to cut down the deleterious effect from background light levels. Suitable optical sources such as lasers and RCLEDs have been investigated as well as optimal wavelength choices, always with a view to building a compact and robust system. The implementation of background reduction measures resulted in a system capable of operating in daylight conditions. An autonomous system was left running and generating shared key material continuously for over 7 days. © 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V..

Local Storage Meets Local Demand: A Technical Solution to Future Power Distribution System

Future power systems are expected to integrate large-scale stochastic and intermittent generation and load due to reduced use of fossil fuel resources, including renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EV). Inclusion of such resources poses challenges for the dynamic stability of synchronous transmission and distribution networks, not least in terms of generation where system inertia may not be wholly governed by large-scale generation but displaced by small-scale and localised generation. Energy storage systems (ESS) can limit the impact of dispersed and distributed generation by offering supporting reserve while accommodating large-scale EV connection; the latter (load) also participating in storage provision. In this paper, a local energy storage system (LESS) is proposed. The structure, requirement and optimal sizing of the LESS are discussed. Three operating modes are detailed, including: 1) storage pack management; 2) normal operation; and 3) contingency operation. The proposed LESS scheme is evaluated using simulation studies based on data obtained from the Northern Ireland regional and residential network.

Le reti di distribuzione idrica nella sicurezza antincendio - Verifiche con il codice INFOWORKS WS

Le reti di distribuzione idrica conservano un ruolo importante ed irrinunciabile nella sicurezza antincendio, ma diversi fattori sul piano normativo e strutturale limitano la loro potenzialità  nelle fasi di estinzione dell'incendio. Ma in che modo si è evoluta in Italia negli ultimi anni la lotta all'incendio? E' ormai noto che non esistono incendi standard, quelli per i quali è possibile definire procedure d'intervento e modalità  di estinzione; non è quindi banale identificare le portate antincendio necessarie (Needed Fire Flow) e il tempo per il quale esse devono essere garantite. In certi contesti è possibile ipotizzare un certo standard d'incendio ma ciò presuppone che edifici, strutture e tutto ciò che è sottoposto ad incendio, possano essere considerati fabbricati a "regola d'arte", ovvero realizzati attraverso procedure esecutive aventi standard di qualità  certificata. Ciò è stato affrontato nei criteri di realizzazione delle nuove costruzioni, ma le vecchie costruzioni, soprattutto gli edifici presenti nei centri storici, sono evidentemente più vulnerabili e sfuggono alla possibilità  di identificare affidabili valori del NFF. Il quadro che si presenta coinvolge quindi carenze normative, contesti urbani con differente vulnerabilità  e una sostanziale disomogeneità  prestazionale delle reti di distribuzione idrica presenti nel territorio nazionale, legata non solo alla disponibilità  idrica ma, anche e soprattutto, alla conformazione della rete, ai livelli di pressione ed alla specifica capacità della rete nel sostenere incrementi di flusso dovuto al prelievo dagli idranti stradali. La scarsa conoscenza di questi aspetti, piuttosto che tradursi in miglioramenti della rete idrica e della sua efficienza ai fini antincendio, ha portato nel tempo ad adottare soluzioni alternative che agiscono principalmente sulle modalità operative di utilizzo dei mezzi dei VV.F. e sul fronte dei dispositivi antincendio privati, quali una migliore protezione passiva, legata all'uso di materiali la cui risposta all'incendio fosse la minore possibile, e protezioni attive alternative, quali impianti sprinkler, di tipo aerosol o misti. Rimangono tutte le problematiche legate alla caratterizzazione nell'area urbanizzata in termini di risposta al prelievo per incendio dagli idranti pubblici sui quali la normativa vigente non impone regole circa le prestazioni e la loro dislocazione sul territorio. Questa incertezza spesso si traduce in un maggiore dispiego di mezzi rispetto all'entità dell'incendio ed ad una scarsa possibilità  di ottimizzare l'allocazione delle unità  operative dei VV.F., con un evidente incremento del rischio nel caso in cui si verifichino più eventi di incendio contemporaneamente. La simulazione numerica avanzata, su modelli opportunamente calibrati delle reti di distribuzione, può consentire una maggiore comprensione quantitativa del livello di sicurezza antincendio offerto da una rete di distribuzione idrica.

Phase voltage control and filtering in a converter-fed single-phase customer-end system of the LVDC distribution network

In recent years, the network vulnerability to natural hazards has been noticed. Moreover, operating on the limits of the network transmission capabilities have resulted in major outages during the past decade. One of the reasons for operating on these limits is that the network has become outdated. Therefore, new technical solutions are studied that could provide more reliable and more energy efficient power distributionand also a better profitability for the network owner. It is the development and price of power electronics that have made the DC distribution an attractive alternative again. In this doctoral thesis, one type of a low-voltage DC distribution system is investigated. Morespecifically, it is studied which current technological solutions, used at the customer-end, could provide better power quality for the customer when compared with the current system. To study the effect of a DC network on the customer-end power quality, a bipolar DC network model is derived. The model can also be used to identify the supply parameters when the V/kW ratio is approximately known. Although the model provides knowledge of the average behavior, it is shown that the instantaneous DC voltage ripple should be limited. The guidelines to choose an appropriate capacitance value for the capacitor located at the input DC terminals of the customer-end are given. Also the structure of the customer-end is considered. A comparison between the most common solutions is made based on their cost, energy efficiency, and reliability. In the comparison, special attention is paid to the passive filtering solutions since the filter is considered a crucial element when the lifetime expenses are determined. It is found out that the filter topology most commonly used today, namely the LC filter, does not provide economical advantage over the hybrid filter structure. Finally, some of the typical control system solutions are introduced and their shortcomings are presented. As a solution to the customer-end voltage regulation problem, an observer-based control scheme is proposed. It is shown how different control system structures affect the performance. The performance meeting the requirements is achieved by using only one output measurement, when operating in a rigid network. Similar performance can be achieved in a weak grid by DC voltage measurement. An additional improvement can be achieved when an adaptive gain scheduling-based control is introduced. As a conclusion, the final power quality is determined by a sum of various factors, and the thesis provides the guidelines for designing the system that improves the power quality experienced by the customer.

Impact of reliability of supply on long-term development approaches to electricity distribution networks

The Finnish electricity distribution sector, rural areas in particular, is facing major challenges because of the economic regulation, tightening supply security requirements and the ageing network asset. Therefore, the target in the distribution network planning and asset management is to develop and renovate the networks to meet these challenges in compliance with the regulations in an economically feasible way. Concerning supply security, the new Finnish Electricity Market Act limits the maximum duration of electricity supply interruptions to six hours in urban areas and 36 hours in rural areas. This has a significant impact on distribution network planning, especially in rural areas where the distribution networks typically require extensive modifications and renovations to meet the supply security requirements. This doctoral thesis introduces a methodology to analyse electricity distribution system development. The methodology is based on and combines elements of reliability analysis, asset management and economic regulation. The analysis results can be applied, for instance, to evaluate the development of distribution reliability and to consider actions to meet the tightening regulatory requirements. Thus, the methodology produces information for strategic decision-making so that DSOs can respond to challenges arising in the electricity distribution sector. The key contributions of the thesis are a network renovation concept for rural areas, an analysis to assess supply security, and an evaluation of the effects of economic regulation on the strategic network planning. In addition, the thesis demonstrates how the reliability aspect affects the placement of automation devices and how the reserve power can be arranged in a rural area network.