900 resultados para Dificuldades de aprendizagem específicas (DAE)


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Aims: the aims of this study were to compare and to characterize the fine, sensory and perceptive function performance and handwritten quality between students with learning difficulties and students with good academic performance. GII, GIII and GIV: 96 students with learning difficulties, and groups GV, GVI, GVII, GVIII: 96 good academic performance. The students were submitted to evaluation of fine motor, sensorial and perception functions and handwriting evaluation under dictation. Results: the results show that the students with learning difficulties from 1st to 3rd grade had lower performance on tests of fine motor, sensory and perceptive function compared to the students with good academic performance in the same grade; the students from 4th grade, both groups, did not show changes on fine motor sensory and perceptive function; and only the students of GII showed disgraphya. Conclusions: the results presented in this study suggest that the qualitative aspects of fine motor, sensory and perceptive skills reflect the integrity and maturity of central nervous system and can probably play an important role in early diagnosis of development disorders and consequently prevent academic disorders such as handwriting performance.

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This study aims to characterize and to compare the students writing difficulties from 1st to 4th grades of public education. The study included 80 students divided into GI (20 students from 1st grade), GII (20 students from 2nd grade), GIII (20 students from 3rd grade) and GIV (20 students from 4th grade). The procedure applied was the Assessment of Learning Difficulties in Writing. The results revealed a median learning difficulty in students of GI (greater average of errors in writing). The increasing of schooling determine a decrease of the average of these errors from GI to GIV. The study revealed that the students are still in a process of construction and appropriate of the writing system, since the average of writing errors decreased as the school level increased.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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This study aimed to identify the conceptions of learning difficulties of teachers working in the beginning years of elementary education. In order to analyze such conceptions from the perspective of inclusive education, the study was carried out in two schools in a city of the State of Paraná. Sixteen teachers (mean age of 41 years) participated in the study. Of these, only one had no higher education. Interviews were carried out individually in the teachers` schools. The interviews were conducted with the support of a topic outline including: aspects of classroom management of the classes in which teachers worked; how to identify students with learning disabilities; causes of learning difficulties; how the school can help a student with learning difficulties. Each interview lasted 50 minutes on average. They were transcribed in full and submitted to thematic analysis. Four categories of analysis were determined: characterization of educational institutions' proposal; conceptions on the identification of students with learning difficulties; conceptions about causes of learning difficulties; possibilities for assisting students with learning difficulties. The results indicated that the main factors reported by the participants on the characterization of pupils with learning difficulties were of the cognitive order. The data also showed that the teachers based their opinions on family aspects in order to focus on causes of learning difficulties; they attributed the largest parcel of responsibility for solving such situations to students' families. One of the main conclusions of this study allowed us to consider that the schools that were investigated reported a practice that doesn't meet the inclusive education assumptions, denoted by the attempt to homogenize regular classes.

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Learning to read and write at an early stage is the process of transferring the sound form of the spoken language for the graphical form of writing, a process, a time that in our system of alphabetical called writing, the letters are graphical representations in the level of phoneme. So that this representation occurs, it is necessary that the individual already can of some form perceive and manipulate the different sonorous segments of the word. This capacity of perception directed to the segments of the word calls Phonological Awareness. Thus, it was established had for objective to verify the pertaining to school performance of 1ª to 4ª series with and without of learning in Tests of Phonological Awareness. Fourth children with age average of 9 years and 3 months without learning disabilities had been submitted to the Protocol of Phonological Awareness (CIELO, 2002) using of this instrument had participated of this study 80 pertaining to school of both only the phonological tasks. The data received from quantiqualitative approach whose results were extracted inferences. The statistically significant results occurred in the tasks of Realism Face Detection, Syllables, Detecting Phonemes, Phonemic Synthesis and Reversal Phonemic. Based on the results we observed that children without learning difficulties performed better on all tasks mentioned above

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In humans, psychic and motor skills are interdependent, and therefore, cannot fail to take into account the influence of a good psychomotor development in the prevention of learning difficulties. Another factor that interferes with the learning process is the social. Family problems, socioeconomic status of the child, among others, may be associated with learning difficulties and, consequently, the student's performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate through the elements of psychomotor, if a delay in neuropsychomotor development may be related to the presence of learning problems in children entering elementary school. Also, determine whether there were differences regarding the presence or absence of these difficulties in students from middle and low social class and have family problems or not. For this, we analyzed two classes of 49 students from 1 year of elementary education at a public school in the city of Bauru/SP, aged between 6 and 7 years. These students were tested for the ENE proposed by Lefèvre (1976) to assess the maturity of the nervous system. A pre-designed questionnaire was answered by the teachers of classes to know students' academic performance, learning difficulties presented by them, social status and the presence of family problems. All students participating in the survey had the term sheet signed by the parents, allowing participation in the study. To reach the results, we applied the Anova and Tukey test for comparison analysis of mean age in the performance of ENE. To investigate the existence of a relationship between performance in the ENE and learning difficulties, we used the calculation of Pearson correlation. To analyze the difference in average scores of learning disabilities in students from different social classes and among those who had family problems or not, comparative graphs were used with the averages obtained from the questionnaire answered by the teachers for each learning...

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Inside my participation in the Teacher Education for the Educational Service of Students with Learning Disabilities extension project, which serves elementary school students which are presented by the school as students with learning desabilities in reading and writing, and in view of the large amount of material already published in relation of this issue it is necessary theoretical depth to better understand these entitled desabilities. Considering as how they are perceived and diagnosed by the school team, worked in the context of the classroom, understood by the parents and how these difficulties intefere in the lives of these students. It is known that due to these difficulties many students end up producing a feeling of school failure, a fact that leads, in many cases, to the dropout of these students. Given the need to discuss such pressing issues I present as the goal of this paper: characterize what learning to write and reading difficulties really are and speculate what are the possibilities of educational interventions within the school context to motivate and assist in overcoming the students‟ learning difficulties. Using resources such as a record notebook, activities already implemented, and leaning on the concept of school failure and learning difficulties, the metodology of this study is defined as documentary literature

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INTRODUÇÃO: Trata-se de uma semiologia laboratorial objetiva para avaliação do sistema auditivo de crianças com distúrbio de aprendizagem. OBJETIVO: Examinar os componentes do potencial evocado auditivo de média latência em uma amostra de crianças com distúrbio de aprendizagem e determinar suas propriedades. MÉTODO: O estudo realizado é do tipo prospectivo contemporâneo de corte transversal, quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório. 50 crianças de ambos os sexos com 8 a 14 anos de idade dividido em dois grupos iguais, com e sem distúrbio de aprendizagem. Causas orgânicas, ambientais ou genéticas foram excluídas do estudo. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: As ondas Na, Pa, Nb foram identificadas em todos os integrantes do estudo. Os valores de latência dos componentes foram Na= 19,2 ms, Pa= 32,5 ms, Nb= 46,4 ms (grupo controle) e Na= 19,7 ms, Pa= 35,1 ms, Nb= 49,6 ms (grupo pesquisa). O valor médio de amplitude Na-Pa foi 1,4 mV para ambos os grupos. As análises mostraram diferenças funcionais entre os grupos, foi observado o hemisfério esquerdo Nb latência mais longa de Nb no hemisfério esquerdo do grupo de estudo em relação ao controle. Tal estudo promoveu informações adicionais sobre PEAML e pode ser referência para outros estudos clínicos e experimentais nesta população.

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Este estudo investiga evidências da influência de uma intervenção psicomotora lúdica na construção do pensamento operatório concreto e desempenho neuromotor de alunos com dificuldade de aprendizagem da 2ª série do ensino fundamental, de escola pública do Estado de São Paulo. Utiliza-se de método experimental. Manipula a intervenção psicomotora lúdica, (Variável Independente-VI), com o objetivo de verificar a sua possível influência no desempenho cognitivo relativo a noções de Conservação, Classificação, Seriação e Aritmética, assim como no neuromotor relativo a Agilidade e Orientação Direita-Esquerda (Variáveis Dependentes - VDs) - totalizando 6 VDs. A amostra compõe-se por 18 escolares, na faixa etária de 7 a 11 anos, de ambos os sexos, organizados em dois grupos: experimental (N=9) e controle (N=9). O procedimento experimental desenvolve-se em 16 sessões, constando de três etapas. Aos dois grupos são aplicados, individualmente, pré-teste (1ª etapa) e pós-teste (3ª etapa), constando de duas sessões individuais em cada etapa, com a utilização dos seguintes instrumentos: Provas Operatórias de Piaget, teste Piaget-Head de Orientação Direita-Esquerda e subteste de Aritmética do teste de Desempenho Escolar de Stein, teste de Shuttle Run . A 2ª etapa, exclusiva do grupo experimental, consta da intervenção psicomotora lúdica, em 12 sessões grupais de 50 minutos cada. Utilizou-se da prova de Wilcoxon, para comparação dos resultados entre os grupos. Os resultados referentes às noções de Classificação ( p=0,010), Seriação (p=0,034), Aritmética (p=0,157) e Orientação Direita- Esquerda (p=0,007), indicam que ocorreu uma diferença significativa estatisticamente, considerando-se que os participantes apresentaram desempenho superior nos pós-testes. Nas demais provas, foi observado melhor desempenho nos dois grupos, o que, portanto, não pode ser atribuído à intervenção. Conclui-se que o objetivo do trabalho foi atingido, visto que o programa mostrou-se eficiente para desenvolver o pensamento operatório e o neuromotor em relação a Orientação Direita-Esquerda dos participantes.(AU)

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Este estudo investiga evidências da influência de uma intervenção psicomotora lúdica na construção do pensamento operatório concreto e desempenho neuromotor de alunos com dificuldade de aprendizagem da 2ª série do ensino fundamental, de escola pública do Estado de São Paulo. Utiliza-se de método experimental. Manipula a intervenção psicomotora lúdica, (Variável Independente-VI), com o objetivo de verificar a sua possível influência no desempenho cognitivo relativo a noções de Conservação, Classificação, Seriação e Aritmética, assim como no neuromotor relativo a Agilidade e Orientação Direita-Esquerda (Variáveis Dependentes - VDs) - totalizando 6 VDs. A amostra compõe-se por 18 escolares, na faixa etária de 7 a 11 anos, de ambos os sexos, organizados em dois grupos: experimental (N=9) e controle (N=9). O procedimento experimental desenvolve-se em 16 sessões, constando de três etapas. Aos dois grupos são aplicados, individualmente, pré-teste (1ª etapa) e pós-teste (3ª etapa), constando de duas sessões individuais em cada etapa, com a utilização dos seguintes instrumentos: Provas Operatórias de Piaget, teste Piaget-Head de Orientação Direita-Esquerda e subteste de Aritmética do teste de Desempenho Escolar de Stein, teste de Shuttle Run . A 2ª etapa, exclusiva do grupo experimental, consta da intervenção psicomotora lúdica, em 12 sessões grupais de 50 minutos cada. Utilizou-se da prova de Wilcoxon, para comparação dos resultados entre os grupos. Os resultados referentes às noções de Classificação ( p=0,010), Seriação (p=0,034), Aritmética (p=0,157) e Orientação Direita- Esquerda (p=0,007), indicam que ocorreu uma diferença significativa estatisticamente, considerando-se que os participantes apresentaram desempenho superior nos pós-testes. Nas demais provas, foi observado melhor desempenho nos dois grupos, o que, portanto, não pode ser atribuído à intervenção. Conclui-se que o objetivo do trabalho foi atingido, visto que o programa mostrou-se eficiente para desenvolver o pensamento operatório e o neuromotor em relação a Orientação Direita-Esquerda dos participantes.(AU)