Aptitudes communicationnelles et formations à la communication en oncologie : Discussion critique

Cet article consiste en une discussion critique de la question de la communication en matière de prise en charge du patient atteint de cancer et de l'enseignement des aptitudes communicationnelles en oncologie. Nous avons d'abord essayé de définir les contours de ce qu'est (ou devrait être) une communication adéquate en oncologie, pour ensuite aborder les concepts sous-tendant les formations à la communication dans ce domaine, le problème des recommandations d'experts et du type dominant d'évaluation se rapportant à ces formations ainsi que les contenus enseignés et ainsi véhiculés.

Siluro-Devonian graptolite stratigraphy of the Catalonian Coastal Ranges

Two facies characterize the Silurian and lower Devonian of the Catalonian Coastal Ranges, namely euxinic and pelagic carbonate facies. The first, is represented by black shales in which the atavus, acinaces, cyphus, triangulatus, convolutus, ?sedgwickii, ellesae and tumescens zones have been recognized. The graptolite succesion is far from complete on present evidence, but this is probably due to unfavorable environmental (taphonomic) conditions. This facies is similar to that prevailing throughout the Iberian massif and most of western Europe. The pelagic carbonate facies is peculiar to the Pridoli and lower Devonian and corresponds to the facies type prevailing in the Western Mediterranean Area. It is characterized by the nodular texture of limestones and marls, with all gradations between nodular limestones, marls and slates. Massive nodular limestone, occur in the lower part of the sequence (La Creu Formation) while the alternation of limestones, marls and slates charaterizes the upper part (Olorda Formation). Orthoconic cephalopds, crinoids, conodonts and tentaculites are the most common fossils present; graptolites occur in some shale horizons in the lower part of the Olorda Formation. These graptolites give strong indications of the uniformis and hercynicus zones (Lochkovian). The uppermost part of the sequence has not provided any graptolite fauna, but according their dacrioconarid fauna it corresponds probably to the Pragian.

An Adaptive Remeshing Procedure for Proximity Maneuvering Spacecraft Formations

We consider a methodology to optimally obtain reconfigurations of spacecraft formations. It is based on the discretization of the time interval in subintervals (called the mesh) and the obtainment of local solutions on them as a result of a variational method. Applied to a libration point orbit scenario, in this work we focus on how to find optimal meshes using an adaptive remeshing procedure and on the determination of the parameter that governs it

The Sedimentology, Ichnology and Hydrogeochemistry of the Late Miocene, Marginal Marine, Upper Pebas and Nauta Formations, Amazonian Foreland Basin, Peru

This thesis includes detailed sedimentological and ichnological studies on two geological units: the Pebas Formation, with a special focus in its informal upper member, and the Nauta Formation. Both formations were deposited during the Miocene in Northeastern Peruvian Amazonia, in the Amazon retroarc foreland basin. The Pebas and Nauta successions mainly consist of non-consolidated, clastic sedimentary deposits arranged into sand- to mud-dominated heterolithic successions, which can be upward-coarsening to upward-fining. Sediments in both the Pebas and Nauta successions range from mud to fine- to medium-grained sand. The main facies observed were 1) mud-dominated horizontal heterolithic couplets; 2) rooted brownish mud; 3) lenticular, mud-draped, cross-stratified sand; 4) mud- to sand-dominated, inclined heterolithic stratification; 5) sand-dominated horizontal heterolithic couplets; and 6) mud-draped, trough cross-stratified sand. Locally, tidal rhythmites were documented. The facies are interpreted as: 1) muddy, shallow, subaqueous flats/shoals; 2) palaeosols; 3) secondary tidal channels or run-off creeks; 4) tidally influenced point bars; 5) shoreface deposits; and 6) subtidal compound dunes. Thalassinoides-dominated Glossifungites ichnofacies, low-diversity expressions of the Skolithos ichnofacies and depauperate suites consisting of elements common to the Cruziana ichnofacies strongly indicate brackish-water conditions. However, continental trace fossil assemblages, with possible elements common to the Scoyenia ichnofacies, have also been identified. In addition to the palaeoenvironmental study, a local hydrogeochemical characterisation of the Pebas and Nauta formations was also conducted. The geochemistry of the groundwaters reflects the characteristics and the soil geochemistry of the geological formations studied. The Pebas formation has low hardness, acid to neutral waters, whereas the upper Pebas has high hardness, acid to neutral waters. In both units, the arsenic content is locally high. The Nauta formation has low hardness acid groundwaters. A regional review of the Pebas and Nauta formations placed the local observations into a continental perspective and suggests that the whole Pebas-Nauta system was a probably shallow (some tens of metres at maximum), brackish- to freshwater, tidally-influenced epicontinental embayment with a probable semi-diurnal to mixed tidal regime and a microtidal range, surrounded by continental environments such as forest floors, lagoons, rivers and their flood plains, and lakes.

Impacts of the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam construction on pioneer vegetation formations along the Xingu River, Pará State, Brazil

There is an important pioneer vegetation formation along the Xingu River in the area where the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam is being constructed that is highly adapted to a seasonally fluctuating water levels. The aim of this study was to examine the habitat and flora of the pioneer formations in the Belo Monte area. The area was divided in three sections for study purposes (Reservoir, Low Flow, and Control) that were expected to experience different degrees of impact from the dam project. The calculations of habitat losses were based on satellite imagery classifications, and a total of 111 plots were established in the three areas for vegetation sampling. Habitat losses of the pioneer formations will total 89.7% when the project is fully functional. Forty-five of the 72 recorded species are restricted to single areas. Species richness and diversity were significantly lower in the control area. The completion of the Belo Monte reservoir will result in habitat reductions and will consequently reduce the richness and diversity of pioneer formations. Studies suggest monitoring the populations located in the reduced flow area to determine possible impacts resulting from changes in the regional hydrological cycle caused by the Xingu River dam.