995 resultados para Design de tipos de letra


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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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Há muitos anos, técnicas de Computação Evolucionária vem sendo aplicadas com sucesso na solução dos mais variados tipos de problemas de otimização. Na constante procura pelo ótimo global e por uma melhor exploração da superfície de busca, as escolhas para ajustar estes métodos podem ser exponencialmente complexas e requerem uma grande quantidade de intervenção humana. Estes modelos tradicionais darwinianos apóiam-se fortemente em aleatoriedade e escolhas heurísticas que se mantém fixas durante toda a execução, sem que acompanhem a variabilidade dos indivíduos e as eventuais mudanças necessárias. Dadas estas questões, o trabalho introduz a combinação de aspectos da Teoria do Design Inteligente a uma abordagem hibrida de algoritmo evolucionário, através da implementação de um agente inteligente o qual, utilizando lógica fuzzy, monitora e controla dinamicamente a população e seis parâmetros definidos de uma dada execução, ajustando-os para cada situação encontrada durante a busca. Na avaliação das proposições foi construído um protótipo sobre a implementação de um algoritmo genético para o problema do caixeiro viajante simétrico aplicado ao cenário de distância por estradas entre as capitais brasileiras, o que permitiu realizar 580 testes, simulações e comparações entre diferentes configurações apresentadas e resultados de outras técnicas. A intervenção inteligente entrega resultados que, com sucesso em muitos aspectos, superam as implementações tradicionais e abrem um vasto espaço para novas pesquisas e estudos nos aqui chamados: “Algoritmos Evolucionários Híbridos Auto-Adaptáveis”, ou mesmo, “Algoritmos Evolucionários Não-Darwinianos”.

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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo teórico sobre novos circuladores compactos com 3-portas tipos W e Y, baseados em cristais fotônicos bidimensionais. No circulador tipo Y, os guias de onda que o compõem formam ângulos de 120° entre si (com formato assemelhado ao da letra Y). O circulador tipo W é uma modificação do tipo Y, obtido a partir do reposicionamento de uma das portas entre as outras duas com um ângulo de 60° entre os guias de onda (com formato assemelhado ao da letra W). Os parâmetros geométricos dos cristais foram obtidos dos diagramas de bandas proibidas. O circulador de três portas tipo Y, projetado para operar em frequências de micro-ondas, foi investigado com o objetivo de gerar um protótipo inédito, enquanto que o tipo W, para frequências ópticas, foi investigado para demonstrar a possibilidade de desenvolver um circulador mais compacto em comparação com o tipo Y conhecido. O tipo W pode ser também uma alternativa geométrica mais adequada no design de circuitos integrados. Os modelos são bons no sentido em que possuem elevada isolação (maior que -20 dB em ambos os circuladores) e baixa perda de inserção (maior que -0,5 dB no caso do circulador tipo Y). O circulador tipo W apresenta uma largura de banda de operação em torno de 100 GHz para um nível de -20 dB de isolação, centrado no comprimento de onda de 1,5um. As simulações foram feitas utilizando-se o software comercial COMSOL Multiphysics, o qual se baseia no método dos elementos finitos.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

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The tillage comprises on average 25% of the cost of deploying a reed, so this cost reduction measures are desirable since they do not compromise the quality of the operation and longevity of sugarcane. The objective was to evaluate the effect of different tillage systems in Acrustox, correlating soil physical properties and characteristics of sugarcane agroindustrial plant cane and ratoon cane. We used five types of soil tillage, over experimental design in blocks with five replications. The particle size was measured every 0.1 m to 0.4 m depth, through deformed soil samples collected at the end of the first growth cycle of the culture. For other soil physical properties: bulk density, total porosity and water content, assessments were performed at the end of each cycle, collecting soil samples in layers of 0-0.20 to 0.21-0.40 m, in addition to performing the penetration resistance, using a penetrometer impact. The response of sugarcane depending on the types of tillage was determined from the evaluation of productivity per hectare of stem (TCH), sugar (TPH), the values of pol % cane (AP), sugar total recoverable (ATR) and fiber samples collected at harvest stalk of sugarcane plant and ratoon cane. In the tillage studied, there was a change of the physical attributes of the soil, causing reduced productivity in 2009/2010 crop, compared with the 2008/2009 season. In tillage system of furrowing direct lowest result was observed for TCH, especially in 2009/2010 crop, when the difference with conventional tillage was 20.53 Mg ha(-1).

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the types of resistance of soybean genotypes to the attack of Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858), under laboratory conditions. Plants of the soybean genotypes, IAC 100, Dowling, PI 227687, PI 274454, BR 16, IGRA RA 626 RR, PI 227682, BRSGO 8360, IGRA RA 516 RR e P 98Y11 RR, were cultivated in vases and placed in a greenhouse in order to have their leaves used afterwards in free-choice and no-choice no-preference for feeding tests and evaluation of the biological parameters of S. cosmioides fed on the genotypes. For free-choice no preference for feeding test, 10 leaf discs were prepared and placed in Petri dishes equidistantly among themselves, and then two recently-hatched caterpillar per genotype were release in the center of the plate. The same test was performed for third instar larvae, so that one caterpillar per genotype was used. In non-choice test, only one genotype was used in each Petri dish, where two recently-hatched or one third instar caterpillars were released, respectively. For both tests, the attractiveness was assessed at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 360, 720 and 1440 minutes after the release of the insects. In addition, the leaf area consumed was evaluated. Randomized blocks design and completely randomized design were used for free-choice and non-choice tests, respectively, with 10 replications. In biology test, recently-hatched larvae were transferred to Petri dishes with leaves of the genotypes, evaluating the period of larvae, pupae and overall (larvae + pupae), viability of larvae, pupae and overall, weight of 12 days-old larvae and 24 hours-old pupae and longevity of the adults. Completely randomized design was used for this test, with 30 replications. Genotypes IGRA RA 516 RR and IGRA RA 626 RR were the least and the most consumed by recently-hatched larvae of S. cosmioides, respectively, in non-choice non-preference for feeding test. Genotypes PI 274454 and PI 227687 were...

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Water is an essential element for life. The use of this element, to support the community, defines it as water resource. This feature is being misused and degraded by the dumping of highly contaminated effluents. The impoverishment of its quality poses a risk to human consumption. The necessity to manage this resource, treating the wastewater properly, requires the constant improvement of treatment systems. Another need is to adjust the cost of systems to the demands of communities with less financial clout. This study aimed to adapt and understand the systems of wetlands, improving its efficiency, in an attempt to collaborate with the enrichment of this technology. The practical evidence, with lab-scale prototypes, assembled in ETE Piracicamirim with urban sewage effluent contributed to highlight the problems and operating system design. The bibliographic review showed that several studies had effectiveness for treatment. But it was evident the need for better understanding of dimensioning definitions that better attempted to the answers into the project. Moreover, standardization of system conditions for the specific wastewater treatment is an interesting field, identified, for future studies yet contribute to environmental engineering and sanitation

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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The high perishability of the onion has limited its conservation period and caused great post-harvest losses. The need of consuming fresh products has led the market of minimally processed products to considerably rise. Cut operations during the minimal processing may not only cause important biochemical reactions in the onion tissues, but also affect its sensorial quality, resulting in a drastic reduction in the post-harvest life of the product. In this study the influence of different cut types was assessed on the quality of minimally processed onions. 'Baia Periforme'onions were transported to the laboratory, where they were selected, cleaned, classified, peeled, minimally processed into slices, grated and chopped, and subsequently sanitized for 10 minutes in sodium hypochlorite at 100 mg L-1. The product was kept on polystyrene trays covered with plastic film (PVC) as 80 g portions and conserved in a cold chamber at 5 +/- 1 degrees C and 85 +/- 5% RH, during 6 days. Physical, chemical and physico-chemical assays were carried out. Statistical design was completely randomized with 3 treatments and 3 replications (plot group) and 5 replicationss for the control group. For sensorial analysis (aspect and smell), 10 replications were used. To compare means, Tukey test at 5% significance was adopted. During the refrigerated conservation, sliced onions kept more stable levels of soluble solids, titratable acidity, total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars. The grated onion was superior considering the sensorial characteristics, indicating that the cut types interfered in these features and the grated onion was more accepted by evaluators.