Pleural mesothelioma incidence in Europe:Evidence of some deceleration in the increasing trends

Objective: To summarize the geographical and temporal variations in incidence of pleural mesothelioma in Europe, using the extensive data available from European general cancer registries, and consider these in light of recent trends in asbestos extraction, use and import in European countries. Material and methods: The data were extracted from the European Cancer Incidence and Mortality database (EUROCIM). The inclusion criteria was acceptance in Volume VII of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Truncated age-standardized rates per 100,000 for the ages 40-74 were used to summarise recent geographical variations. Standardized rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the periods 1986-1990 and 1991-1995 were compared to assess geographical variations in risk. To investigate changes in the magnitude of most recent trends, regression models fitted to the latest available 10-year period (1988-1997) were compared with trends in the previous decade. Fitted rates in younger (40-64) and older adults (65-74) in the most recent period were also compared. Results: There was a great deal of geographical variation in the risk of mesothelioma, annual rates ranging from around 8 per 100,000 in Scotland, England and The Netherlands, to lower than 1 per 100,000 in Spain (0.96), Estonia (0.85), Poland (0.85) and Yugoslavia, Vojvodina (0.56) among men. The rank of the rates for women was similar to that observed for men, although rates were considerably lower. Between 1978 and 1987, rates in men significantly increased in all countries (excepting Denmark). In the following 10 years, there was a deceleration in trend, and a significant increase was detectable only in England and France. In addition, the magnitude of recent trends in younger men was generally lower than those estimated for older men, in both national and regional cancer registry settings. Conclusions: While mesothelioma incidence rates are still rising in Europe, a deceleration has started in some countries. A decrease may begin in the next few years in certain European populations considering the deceleration of observed trends in mesothelioma and asbestos exposure, as well as the recent ban on its use.

Clozapine-induced liver injury and pleural effusion

Clozapine, whilst associated commonly with a transient and benign increase in liver enzymes, has also been associated with varying presentations of hepatitis in existing case reports. This report describes what we believe to be the first documented case of acute liver injury and pleural effusion associated with clozapine, resolving after cessation of the agent. The case supports existing literature in advocating a high index of suspicion, particularly in the 4-5 weeks following clozapine initiation, when considering nonspecific clinical symptoms and signs.

Estudio para desarrollar una metodología para la caracterización del sitio contaminado por derrame de Hidrocarburo en una área aledaña a un ducto de Pemex, considerando los requerimientos de las autoridades ambientales y los criterios interinos de limpie

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias de la Administración con Especialidad en Finanzas) - U.A.N.L, 2002

Chlorpropamide treatment restores the reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema and pleural exudate volume in diabetic rats

Objective and design: Knowing that hyperglycemia is a hallmark of vascular dysfunction in diabetes and that neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (n-STZ) present reduced inflammatory response, we decided to evaluate the effect of chlorpropamide-lowered blood glucose levels on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and pleural exudate in n-STZ. Materials: Diabetes was induced by STZ injection (160 mg/kg, ip) in neonates (2-day-old) Wistar rats. Treatment: n-STZ diabetic rats were treated with chlorpropamide (200 mg/kg, 15 d, by gavage) 8 weeks after STZ injection. Methods: Carrageenan-induced paw edema and pleural exudate volumes were assessed concomitantly with peripheral and exudate leukocyte count. We also evaluated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lungs of all experimental groups. Results: Chlorpropamide treatment improved glucose tolerance, beta-cell function (assessed by HOMA-beta), corrected paw edema, and pleural exudate volume in n-STZ. Neither leukocyte count nor iNOS expression were affected by diabetes or by chlorpropamide treatment. Conclusion: Chlorpropamide treatment by restoring beta-cell function, reducing blood sugar levels, and improving glucose tolerance might be contributing to the correction of the reduced inflammatory response tested as paw edema and pleural exudate in n-STZ diabetic rats.

Padrões espaciais e temporais da comunidade de invertebrados bentônicos no estuário Tramandaí-Armazém, RS, e a resposta da macro e meiofauna a um derrame experimental de óleo bruto

A distribuição espaço-temporal dos invertebrados bentônicos, no estuário Tramandaí-Armazém, localizado no Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, foi analisada em três sub-ambientes: laguna Armazém (3 áreas amostrais), laguna Tramandaí (3 áreas amostrais) e Canal de ligação com o Oceano Atlântico (1 área amostral). Na laguna Tramandaí, ocorre um aporte de água doce pelo rio Tramandaí, na laguna Armazém, ocorre a entrada mais freqüente da cunha salina e no Canal verifica-se uma maior influência do Oceano Atlântico. No ARTIGO I, foram analisados os organismos da meiofauna, obtidos a partir de amostragens sazonais em 2000. Em cada área foram tomadas seis amostras, até a profundidade de 5 cm no interior do sedimento, com um corer de 2,7cm de diâmetro. Nematoda foi o grupo taxonômico dominante em todos os ambientes. As análises uni e multivariadas mostraram que a estrutura da meiofauna na laguna Armazém, caracterizada pelas densidades mais elevadas, difere significativamente dos demais ambientes amostrados. A similaridade das amostras coletadas na laguna Tramandaí e no Canal ocorreu em quase todas as estações, com exceção da primavera. Picos de densidade da meiofauna foram encontrados no verão. Os resultados sugerem que os fatores abióticos, como salinidade, hidrodinâmica e temperatura, são importantes condicionantes desta variabilidade espaço-temporal detectada. No ARTIGO II, detalhou-se a identificação de Nematoda, em gênero, e sua classificação em grupo trófico. As análises multivariadas mostraram que a associação de Nematoda é distinta entre os três ambientes analisados. Os atributos densidade, diversidade e riqueza de gêneros foram significativamente mais elevados na laguna Armazém. Nesta laguna, os nematódeos comedores de epistrato e de bactérias foram os dominantes, enquanto que no Canal e Tramandaí prevaleceram os comedores de depósito e predadores facultativos. Uma variabilidade temporal foi detectada tanto para os gêneros, como para os grupos tróficos, com densidades mais elevadas no verão. A identificação de Nematoda e de seu comportamento alimentar mostraram que além da salinidade, hidrodinâmica e temperatura, a disponibilidade de alimento e a forma como está disponível, determinam a estrutura desta associação. No ARTIGO III, foi analisada a distribuição espaço-temporal da macrofauna, a partir de amostragens sazonais entre o outono de 2002 e o verão de 2003. Em cada área foram obtidas 6 amostras com um corer de 10cm de diâmetro enterrado até a profundidade de 20 cm no interior do sedimento. No Canal, a comunidade da macrofauna, foi caracterizada pelas menores densidades e riqueza específica, em todas as estações do ano. Diferente do verificado para Nematoda, a estrutura da macrofauna, encontrada na laguna Armazém e laguna Tramandaí foi similar. Este resultado se deve a baixa riqueza específica da macrofauna e a dominância de espécies oportunistas. Em situações de maior oferta de alimento, oriunda da decomposição de detritos (no inverno) e ao aparecimento da macrófita Ruppia maritima (na primavera), observou-se uma diferenciação da estrutura da macrofauna encontrada na laguna Armazém da laguna Tramandaí. Na laguna Armazém densidades mais elevadas ocorreram no inverno, nos demais ambientes não foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre as estações. Provavelmente as características geomorfológicas do estuário e a hidrodinâmica atuante promovam uma instabilidade em todo o estuário, que para a macrofauna se sobrepõem às diferenças ambientais encontradas entre as lagunas. No ARTIGO IV, avaliou-se a macro e meiofauna, frente a um derrame experimental de óleo, através de análises univariadas. No experimento foram considerados dois fatores: tratamento (controle, corer sem óleo, corer com óleo) e tempo (4 e 9 horas após a adição do óleo). Cada tratamento constou de cinco réplicas, nos dois períodos de coleta. Não foram detectados efeitos do óleo sobre a macrofauna, no tempo de 4 horas e 9 horas de exposição. Para a meiofauna e gêneros de Nematoda, não foram encontradas variações significativas de densidade, com exceção do gênero Theristus, que apresentou um maior número de organismos mortos na presença do óleo.

Caracterização batimétrica e fisicooceanográfica do canal de acesso ao porto de Cabedelo/PB: uma análise ambiental ao derrame de óleo

The State of Paraíba is one of the most dynamic states of Brazil, strategically located in the northeast, is notable for the excellent potential for integration of different transportation modes forming the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco and Alagoas. The dynamic that occurs with port activity causes changes in the space where it is installed. And the elements of this space are always more than suffering direct or indirect influences as the flow in the port is expanded. Therefore, this region became subject to the accidental spillage of oil, because it presents a heavy traffic of ships of various sizes that can run aground or collide with oil causing accidental events. The study of geomorphological and sedimentological compositions of seafloor becomes important as more is known about the relationships between these parameters and associated fauna, and can identify their preferred habitats. The database background, acoustically collected along the proposed study area, is a wealth of information, which were duly examined, cataloged and made available. Such information can serve as an important tool, providing a geomorphological survey of the sedimentary area studied, and come to subsidize, in a flexible, future decision making. With the study area Port of Cabedelo, Paraíba - Brazil, this research aimed to evaluate the influence of the tidal surface and background in modeling the seabed, including the acquisition of information about the location of submerged rocky bodies and the depth of these bodies may turn out to be natural traps for the trapping of oil in case of leaks, and obtain the relationship between types of bed and the hydrodynamic conditions present in the region. In this context, for this study were collected bathymetric data (depth) and physical oceanographic (height of water column, water temperature, intensity and direction of currents, waves and turbidity), meteorological (rainfall, air temperature, humidity, winds and barometric pressure) of the access channel to the Port of Cabedelo / PB and its basin evolution (where the cruise ships dock), and includes tools of remote sensing (Landsat 7 ETM +, 2001), so that images and the results are integrated into Geographic Information Systems and used in the elaboration of measures aimed at environmental protection areas under the influence of this scale facilities, serving as a grant to prepare a contingency plan in case of oil spills in the region. The main findings highlight the techniques of using hydroacoustic data acquisition together bathymetric surveys of high and low frequency. From there, five were prepared in bathymetric pattern of Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation - DHN, with the depth in meters, on a scale of 1:2500 (Channel and Basin Evolution of Access to Port of Cabedelo), where there is a large extent possible beachrocks that hinder the movement of vessels in the port area, which can cause collisions, running aground and leaking oil. From the scatter diagram of the vectors of currents, it can be seen as the tidal stream and undergoes a channeling effect caused by the bidirectional effect of the tide (ebb and flood) in the basin of the Port of Cabedelo evolution in NW-direction SE and the highest speed of the currents occurs at low tide. The characterization weather for the period from 28/02 to 04/07/2010 values was within the expected average for the region of study. The multidisciplinary integration of products (digital maps and remote sensing images), proved to be efficient for the characterization of underwater geomorphological study area, reaching the aim to discriminate and enhance submerged structures, previously not visible in the images

Multiplane ultrasound approach to quantify pleural effusion at the bedside

To assess the accuracy of a multiplane ultrasound approach to measure pleural effusion volume (PEV), considering pleural effusion (PE) extension along the cephalocaudal axis and PE area.Prospective study performed on 58 critically ill patients with 102 PEs. Thoracic drainage was performed in 46 patients (59 PEs) and lung computed tomography (CT) in 24 patients (43 PEs). PE was assessed using bedside lung ultrasound. Adjacent paravertebral intercostal spaces were examined, and ultrasound PEV was calculated by multiplying the paravertebral PE length by its area, measured at half the distance between the apical and caudal limits of the PE.Ultrasound PEV was compared to either the volume of the drained PE (59 PE) or PEV assessed on lung CT (43 PE). In patients with lung CT, the accuracy of this new method was compared to the accuracy of previous methods proposed for PEV measurement. Ultrasound PEV was tightly correlated with drained PEV (r = 0.84, p < 0.001) and with CT PEV (r = 0.90, p < 0.001). The mean biases between ultrasound and actual volumes of PE were -33 ml when compared to drainage (limits of agreement -292 to +227 ml) and -53 ml when compared to CT (limits of agreement -303 to +198 ml). This new method was more accurate than previous methods to measure PEV.Using a multiplane approach increases the accuracy of lung ultrasound to measure the volume of large to small pleural effusions in critically ill patients.

Three-Dimensional Ultrasonographic Assessment of Fetal Total Lung Volume as a Prognostic Factor in Primary Pleural Effusion

Objectives-The purpose of this study was to predict perinatal outcomes using fetal total lung volumes assessed by 3-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) in primary pleural effusion.Methods-Between July 2005 and July 2010, total lung volumes were prospectively estimated in fetuses with primary pleural effusion by 3DUS using virtual organ computer-aided analysis software. The first and last US examinations were considered in the analysis. The observed/expected total lung volumes were calculated. Main outcomes were perinatal death (up to 28 days of life) and respiratory morbidity (orotracheal intubation with mechanical respiratory support >48 hours).Results-Twelve of 19 fetuses (63.2%) survived. Among the survivors, 7 (58.3%) had severe respiratory morbidity. The observed/expected total lung volume at the last US examination before birth was significantly associated with perinatal death (P < .01) and respiratory morbidity (P < .01) as well as fetal hydrops (P < .01) and bilateral effusion (P = .01).Conclusions-Fetal total lung volumes may be useful for the prediction of perinatal outcomes in primary pleural effusion.

Influência do pneumoperitôneo sobre a pressão pleural, parâmetros cardiovasculares e hemogasométricos em eqüinos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)