La idea de lo religioso en C.G. Jung y sus implicaciones pedagógicas.

Describir la experiencia religiosa como actividad de la psique humana, cómo se manifiestan en el hombre las ideas que tiene o no tiene de la divinidad. Exponer las tesis mantenidas en la Teoría de Jung de lo religioso. La idea de lo religioso en Jung y sus implicaciones pedagógicas. En la primera parte de la investigación se realiza un estudio conceptual de la obra de Jung según su concepción de la líbido, el problema de los opuestos y los procesos de individualización y simbolización. La segunda parte se refiere a la concepción de Jung de lo religioso. Finalmente, se realiza una síntesis de todo lo anterior como aplicación en la Pedagogía, al campo de la Pedagogía Moral, viendo qué valores consideran el objetivo de la educación, dentro de qué paradigma y cuáles de esos valores potencian el desarrollo del individuo. Consulta bibliográfica original del autor estudiado y obras referidas a su trabajo. La Educación deberá tomar los valores de individuacion, totalidad e integración, favorecer la conexión del individuo con su mundo interno y concienciar sobre sus propios valores. En Educación se deben seleccionar los valores que ayudan y potencian al individuo a realizarse, reorganizarse y proyectarse en el medio, a disminuir la entropía y hacer un ser humano pleno. Sobre esta base, se podrían iniciar otros estudios en el campo de la Pedagogía Moral, de la Pedagogía del adulto y de la Pedagogía de la Conciencia.

Modelo didáctico C.G. ideado y proyectado por el profesor Celestino Galli.

Se expone el modelo matemático con finalidad pedagógica para el aprendizaje de los tópicos de matemáticas elementales del profesor Celestino Galli: las cuatro operaciones aritméticas elementales, las potencias y raíces, los polinomios: multiplicación y división, y la resolución de ecuaciones con una incógnita de primer grado.

Imagem, símbolo e narrativa na psicologia analítica de C.G. Jung

O presente trabalho estuda a narrativa e a imagem como elementos da linguagem do brincar simbólico. Para isto, três crianças foram acompanhadas em um processo de psicoterapia por um período aproximado de um ano. O brincar simbólico das crianças na caixa de areia - sandplay - foi analisado em termos da organização narrativa e da construção de significado a partir da teoria e do método de Psicologia Analítica de C. G. Jung e da teoria narrativa de J. Bruner. Nosso estudo demonstra que o brincar simbólico é uma forma de linguagem e que através dele a criança constrói um texto o qual apresenta-se como uma narrativa ou como uma imagem; que este texto está repleto de elementos os quais aparecem como outras narrativas ou imagens que se interpõem às narrativas construídas pelas crianças. Mostra também que a criança organiza a sua experiência do mundo e a sua experiência da vida através deste texto. Finalmente, indica que o brincar simbólico tem uma função cognitiva de organizar a experiência de vida da criança.

A santa, a prostituta e a amante infeliz: as imagens simbólicas do feminino de Edvard Munch, sob abordagem da psicologia analítica de C.G. Jung

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Carriage of the PNPLA3 rs738409 C >G polymorphism confers an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Subtle inter-patient genetic variation and environmental factors combine to determine disease progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Carriage of the PNPLA3 rs738409 c.444C >G minor allele (encoding the I148M variant) has been robustly associated with advanced NAFLD. Although most hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is related to chronic viral hepatitis or alcoholic liver disease, the incidence of NAFLD-related HCC is increasing. We examined whether rs738409 C >G was associated with HCC-risk in patients with NAFLD. METHODS PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype was determined by allelic discrimination in 100 European Caucasians with NAFLD-related HCC and 275 controls with histologically characterised NAFLD. RESULTS Genotype frequencies were significantly different between NAFLD-HCC cases (CC=28, CG=43, GG=29) and NAFLD-controls (CC=125, CG=117, GG=33) (p=0.0001). In multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, BMI, and presence of cirrhosis, carriage of each copy of the rs738409 minor (G) allele conferred an additive risk for HCC (adjusted OR 2.26 [95% CI 1.23-4.14], p=0.0082), with GG homozygotes exhibiting a 5-fold [1.47-17.29], p=0.01 increased risk over CC. When compared to the UK general population (1958 British Birth Cohort, n=1476), the risk-effect was more pronounced (GC vs. CC: unadjusted OR 2.52 [1.55-4.10], p=0.0002; GG vs. CC: OR 12.19 [6.89-21.58], p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Carriage of the PNPLA3 rs738409 C >G polymorphism is not only associated with greater risk of progressive steatohepatitis and fibrosis but also of HCC. If validated, these findings suggest that PNPLA3 genotyping has the potential to contribute to multi-factorial patient-risk stratification, identifying those to whom HCC surveillance may be targeted.

Net primary productivity, POC export, Th234 and U238 activities and abundance of autotrophs during U.S.C.G.C. Healy cruises HLY0802 and HLY0803

Seasonal patterns in the partitioning of phytoplankton carbon during receding sea ice conditions in the eastern Bering Sea water column are presented using rates of 14C net primary productivity (NPP), phototrophic plankton carbon content, and POC export fluxes from shelf and slope waters in the spring (March 30-May 6) and summer (July 3-30) of 2008. At ice-covered and marginal ice zone (MIZ) stations on the inner and middle shelf in spring, NPP averaged 76 ± 93 mmol C/m**2/d, and in ice-free waters on the outer shelf NPP averaged 102 ± 137 mmol C/m**2/d. In summer, rates of NPP were more uniform across the entire shelf and averaged 43 ± 23 mmol C/m**2/d over the entire shelf. A concomitant shift was observed in the phototrophic pico-, nano-, and microplankton community in the chlorophyll maximum, from a diatom dominated system (80 ± 12% autotrophic C) in ice covered and MIZ waters in spring, to a microflagellate dominated system (71 ± 31% autotrophic C) in summer. Sediment trap POC fluxes near the 1% PAR depth in ice-free slope waters increased by 70% from spring to summer, from 10 ± 7 mmol C/m**2/d to 17 ± 5 mmol C/m**2/d, respectively. Over the shelf, under-ice trap fluxes at 20 m were higher, averaging 43 ± 17 mmol C/m**2/d POC export over the shelf and slope estimated from 234Th deficits averaged 11 ± 5 mmol C/m**2/d in spring and 10 ± 2 mmol C/m**2/d in summer. Average e-ratios calculated on a station-by-station basis decreased by ~ 30% from spring to summer, from 0.46 ± 0.48 in ice-covered and MIZ waters, to 0.33 ± 0.26 in summer, though the high uncertainty prevents a statistical differentiation of these data.