Yhteisvikaparametrien määritys

Tässä kandidaatintyössä selvitetään yhteisvikaparametrien määritysprosessia todennäköisyysperustaista riskianalyysia varten Teollisuuden Voiman Olkiluodossa käytössä olevien Olkiluoto-1 ja Olkiluoto-2 ydinvoimalaitosyksiköiden osalta. Kandidaatintyön tavoitteena on selvittää yhteisvikaparametrien määrittämisen yleiset työvaiheet ja tutkia alkuperäisen selvityksen jälkeen käytettäväksi tulleen ICDE-yhteisvika-aineiston soveltamismahdollisuudet Olkiluodon laitosyksiköihin.

Secure and Anonymous Multimedia Content Distribution in Peer-to-Peer Networks

Peer-reviewed

Integration of JINR Information Resources

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Abbildung von XML-Dokumenten auf SQL:2003-konforme Datentypen

Die Auszeichnungssprache XML dient zur Annotation von Dokumenten und hat sich als Standard-Datenaustauschformat durchgesetzt. Dabei entsteht der Bedarf, XML-Dokumente nicht nur als reine Textdateien zu speichern und zu transferieren, sondern sie auch persistent in besser strukturierter Form abzulegen. Dies kann unter anderem in speziellen XML- oder relationalen Datenbanken geschehen. Relationale Datenbanken setzen dazu bisher auf zwei grundsätzlich verschiedene Verfahren: Die XML-Dokumente werden entweder unverändert als binäre oder Zeichenkettenobjekte gespeichert oder aber aufgespalten, sodass sie in herkömmlichen relationalen Tabellen normalisiert abgelegt werden können (so genanntes „Flachklopfen“ oder „Schreddern“ der hierarchischen Struktur). Diese Dissertation verfolgt einen neuen Ansatz, der einen Mittelweg zwischen den bisherigen Lösungen darstellt und die Möglichkeiten des weiterentwickelten SQL-Standards aufgreift. SQL:2003 definiert komplexe Struktur- und Kollektionstypen (Tupel, Felder, Listen, Mengen, Multimengen), die es erlauben, XML-Dokumente derart auf relationale Strukturen abzubilden, dass der hierarchische Aufbau erhalten bleibt. Dies bietet zwei Vorteile: Einerseits stehen bewährte Technologien, die aus dem Bereich der relationalen Datenbanken stammen, uneingeschränkt zur Verfügung. Andererseits lässt sich mit Hilfe der SQL:2003-Typen die inhärente Baumstruktur der XML-Dokumente bewahren, sodass es nicht erforderlich ist, diese im Bedarfsfall durch aufwendige Joins aus den meist normalisierten und auf mehrere Tabellen verteilten Tupeln zusammenzusetzen. In dieser Arbeit werden zunächst grundsätzliche Fragen zu passenden, effizienten Abbildungsformen von XML-Dokumenten auf SQL:2003-konforme Datentypen geklärt. Darauf aufbauend wird ein geeignetes, umkehrbares Umsetzungsverfahren entwickelt, das im Rahmen einer prototypischen Applikation implementiert und analysiert wird. Beim Entwurf des Abbildungsverfahrens wird besonderer Wert auf die Einsatzmöglichkeit in Verbindung mit einem existierenden, ausgereiften relationalen Datenbankmanagementsystem (DBMS) gelegt. Da die Unterstützung von SQL:2003 in den kommerziellen DBMS bisher nur unvollständig ist, muss untersucht werden, inwieweit sich die einzelnen Systeme für das zu implementierende Abbildungsverfahren eignen. Dabei stellt sich heraus, dass unter den betrachteten Produkten das DBMS IBM Informix die beste Unterstützung für komplexe Struktur- und Kollektionstypen bietet. Um die Leistungsfähigkeit des Verfahrens besser beurteilen zu können, nimmt die Arbeit Untersuchungen des nötigen Zeitbedarfs und des erforderlichen Arbeits- und Datenbankspeichers der Implementierung vor und bewertet die Ergebnisse.

La gestión del agua: el desafío chino. Iniciativas medio ambientales chinas y el manejo del río Mekong. Periodo de estudio: 1980 - 2010

El propósito de la presente investigación es evaluar la incidencia regional de las iniciativas chinas a favor de la gestión del agua del Río Mekong como elementos que contribuyen en la construcción de la percepción favorable para el gigante asiático. Producto del conjunto de reformas aplicadas desde 1978, China fue objeto de un crecimiento económico exponencial que algunos académicos denominan milagroso; sin embargo, dicho proceso involucró un impacto negativo sobre el medio ambiente y en particular sobre el agua del Estado. El deterioro ambiental chino implicó, por un lado, el desarrollo de medidas internas que pretenden reversar los efectos descritos en el marco de las diferentes cumbres mundiales sobre medio ambiente y por otro, la participación en iniciativas de carácter subregional que denotan cierto grado de pro-actividad del gigante asiático en materia ambiental.

Model-based groupware solution for distributed real-time collaborative 4D planning via teamwork

Construction planning plays a fundamental role in construction project management that requires team working among planners from a diverse range of disciplines and in geographically dispersed working situations. Model-based four-dimensional (4D) computer-aided design (CAD) groupware, though considered a possible approach to supporting collaborative planning, is still short of effective collaborative mechanisms for teamwork due to methodological, technological and social challenges. Targeting this problem, this paper proposes a model-based groupware solution to enable a group of multidisciplinary planners to perform real-time collaborative 4D planning across the Internet. In the light of the interactive definition method, and its computer-supported collaborative work (CSCW) design analysis, the paper discusses the realization of interactive collaborative mechanisms from software architecture, application mode, and data exchange protocol. These mechanisms have been integrated into a groupware solution, which was validated by a planning team in a truly geographically dispersed condition. Analysis of the validation results revealed that the proposed solution is feasible for real-time collaborative 4D planning to gain a robust construction plan through collaborative teamwork. The realization of this solution triggers further considerations about its enhancement for wider groupware applications.

Energy

The impact of energy policy measures has been assessed with various appraisal and evaluation tools since the 1960s. Decision analysis, environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment are all notable examples of progenitors of Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) in the assessment of energy policies, programmes and projects. This chapter provides overview of policy tools which have been historically applied to assess the impacts of energy policies, programmes and projects. It focuses on the types of data and models that typically inform RIAs for energy policies; the organisations involved; and issues of data exchange between energy companies and policy-makers. Examples are derived from the European Commission, the UK, Italy, the Netherlands and France. It is concluded that the technical and economic analysis underpinning RIAs on energy policy and regulation varies significantly depending on the type of organisation carrying them out.

From XML to relational view updates: applying old solutions to solve a new problem

XML has become an important medium for data exchange, and is frequently used as an interface to - i.e. a view of - a relational database. Although lots of work have been done on querying relational databases through XML views, the problem of updating relational databases through XML views has not received much attention. In this work, we give the rst steps towards solving this problem. Using query trees to capture the notions of selection, projection, nesting, grouping, and heterogeneous sets found throughout most XML query languages, we show how XML views expressed using query trees can be mapped to a set of corresponding relational views. Thus, we transform the problem of updating relational databases through XML views into a classical problem of updating relational databases through relational views. We then show how updates on the XML view are mapped to updates on the corresponding relational views. Existing work on updating relational views can then be leveraged to determine whether or not the relational views are updatable with respect to the relational updates, and if so, to translate the updates to the underlying relational database. Since query trees are a formal characterization of view de nition queries, they are not well suited for end-users. We then investigate how a subset of XQuery can be used as a top level language, and show how query trees can be used as an intermediate representation of view de nitions expressed in this subset.

Uma arquitetura para sistemas supervisórios industriais e sua aplicação em processos de elevação artificial de petróleo

The using of supervision systems has become more and more essential in accessing, managing and obtaining data of industrial processes, because of constant and frequent developments in industrial automation. These supervisory systems (SCADA) have been widely used in many industrial environments to store process data and to control the processes in accordance with some adopted strategy. The SCADA s control hardware is the set of equipments that execute this work. The SCADA s supervision software accesses process data through the control hardware and shows them to the users. Currently, many industrial systems adopt supervision softwares developed by the same manufacturer of the control hardware. Usually, these softwares cannot be used with other equipments made by distinct manufacturers. This work proposes an approach for developing supervisory systems able to access process information through different control hardwares. An architecture for supervisory systems is first defined, in order to guarantee efficiency in communication and data exchange. Then, the architecture is applied in a supervisory system to monitor oil wells that use distinct control hardwares. The implementation was modeled and verified by using the formal method of the Petri networks. Finally, experimental results are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed solution

Studio e sviluppo di sistemi RFID in banda UHF

The recent widespread diffusion of radio-frequency identification (RFID) applications operating in the UHF band has been supported by both the request for greater interrogation ranges and greater and faster data exchange. UHF-RFID systems, exploiting a physical interaction based on Electromagnetic propagation, introduce many problems that have not been fully explored for the previous generations of RFID systems (e.g. HF). Therefore, the availability of reliable tools for modeling and evaluating the radio-communication between Reader and Tag within an RFID radio-link are needed. The first part of the thesis discuss the impact of real environment on system performance. In particular an analytical closed form formulation for the back-scattered field from the Tag antenna and the formulation for the lower bound of the BER achievable at the Reader side will be presented, considering different possible electromagnetic impairments. By means of the previous formulations, of the analysis of the RFID link operating in near filed conditions and of some electromagnetic/system-level co-simulations, an in-depth study of the dimensioning parameters and the actual performance of the systems will be discussed and analyzed, showing some relevant properties and trade-offs in transponder and reader design. Moreover a new low cost approach to extend the read range of the RFID UHF passive systems will be discussed. Within the scope to check the reliability of the analysis approaches and of innovative proposals, some reference transponder antennas have been designed and extensive measurement campaign has been carried out with satisfactory results. Finally, some commercial ad-hoc transponder for industrial application have been designed within the cooperation with Datalogic s.p.a., some guidelines and results will be briefly presented.

Modelli per l'aggregazione di dati federati: il caso degli orari di apertura degli esercizi commerciali e enti pubblici

Questa tesi tratta di scambio di dati aperti (open data exchange). In particolare, tratta di intervalli temporali con annesse informazioni di vario tipo. Le attività commerciali, come aziende, bar, ristoranti, cinema, teatri, e via dicendo, hanno bisogno di un modo comune per poter condividere i dati inerenti ai propri orari (timetable). Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di mostrare un modello efficiente, compatto e completo per poter condividere tali informazioni con l'ausilio di formati standard (XML). Oggi giorno esistono diverse soluzioni atte a far fronte a questa necessità ma si tratta di soluzioni incomplete e che gestiscono tali informazioni separatamente. Il problema sorto è quello di avere un'unica struttura che posso unificare informazioni di diverso carattere con gli orari di un'attività: un cinema ha la necessità di fornire orari di diverse proiezioni svolte in sale diverse, una tournée dovrà poter specificare le coordinate geografiche del prossimo evento e così discorrendo.

Sistemi di comunicazione a corto raggio: analisi sperimentale con dispositivi NFC.

Una delle tecnologie radio che negli ultimi anni ha subito il maggior sviluppo è quella dell’identificazione a radio frequenza (Radio Frequency Identification), utilizzata in un gran numero di ambiti quali la logistica, il tracciamento, l’autenticazione e i pagamenti elettronici. Tra le tecnologie specifiche legate all’RFID si ritrova la Near Field Communication (NFC). Questa è una tecnologia di trasmissione dati a corto raggio che rappresenta un’evoluzione dell’RFID. Una delle caratteristiche dell’NFC è quella di instaurare una comunicazione tra due dispositivi in maniera semplice e intuitiva. L’oggetto che instaura la comunicazione è il Reader, nell’ambito RFID è un dispositivo altamente specializzato, poiché può lavorare a diverse frequenze operative. L’elemento innovativo che ha consentito il successo dell’NFC è il fatto che questa tecnologia possa integrare il Reader in uno strumento di comunicazione di largo uso, ovvero lo smartphone. Questo permette di inizializzare lo scambio dati, sia esso di lettura di un circuito integrato passivo o una trasmissione peer-to-peer, a seguito del naturale gesto di avvicinare lo smartphone. Analisti ed esperti del settore sono convinti del successo dell’NFC, nonostante siano state smentite le attese che vedevano l’NFC integrato in oltre la metà dei cellulari entro il 2010. Tra le molteplici applicazioni NFC in questo elaborato ci si soffermerà in particolare sul cosiddetto Smart Poster. Questo utilizzo può essere molto efficace avendo una gamma di impiego molto vasta. Per l’immagazzinamento dei dati nei Tag o nelle Smart Card si è utilizzato un protocollo d’incapsulamento dati chiamato NDEF (NFC Data Exchange Format) trattato nel capitolo 3 di questa trattazione. Nella seconda parte dell’elaborato si è realizzata una sperimentazione per misurare le distanze di funzionamento di cellulari e Reader per PC. In questo ambito si è realizzato quello che si è definito lo Smart Brick, cioè un mattone che comunica con dispositivi NFC grazie all’installazione di un Tag al suo interno. Si parlerà della realizzazione e degli strumenti software/hardware che hanno permesso di realizzare e programmare questo ”mattone elettronico”.

Spettroscopia di desorbimento termico: progettazione e costruzione di un apparato e primi esperimenti.

L’elaborato descrive la progettazione di un prototipo per misure spettroscopiche di desorbimento termico e i primi esperimenti effettuati con esso. Vengono descritti in dettaglio gli strumenti peculiari di tale apparato, come lo spettrometro di massa quadrupolo e la pompa a diffusione e le parti costruite ad hoc per tale dispositivo, ovvero la struttura del portacampione e del sostegno al forno utilizzato per il riscaldamento delle sostanze analizza- te. Particolare importanza `e posta nella descrizione della parte software del prototipo, che utilizza la tecnologia del DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange) per comunicare i dati tra due programmi diversi operanti su una medesima piattaforma; viene quindi illustrato il funzionamento del software comunicante direttamente con lo spettrometro e del programma LabView creato per il monitoraggio e il salvataggio dei dati raccolti da tale apparato. L’ultima parte dell’elaborato riguarda i primi esperimenti di spettroscopia di desorbimento termico effettuati, comprendendo sia quelli preliminari per testare la qualità del prototipo sia quelli da cui `e possibile ottenere una curva di desorbimento termico per i vari gas analizzati in camera, come ad esempio idrogeno.

SMARTDIAB: a communication and information technology approach for the intelligent monitoring, management and follow-up of type 1 diabetes patients

SMARTDIAB is a platform designed to support the monitoring, management, and treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), by combining state-of-the-art approaches in the fields of database (DB) technologies, communications, simulation algorithms, and data mining. SMARTDIAB consists mainly of two units: 1) the patient unit (PU); and 2) the patient management unit (PMU), which communicate with each other for data exchange. The PMU can be accessed by the PU through the internet using devices, such as PCs/laptops with direct internet access or mobile phones via a Wi-Fi/General Packet Radio Service access network. The PU consists of an insulin pump for subcutaneous insulin infusion to the patient and a continuous glucose measurement system. The aforementioned devices running a user-friendly application gather patient's related information and transmit it to the PMU. The PMU consists of a diabetes data management system (DDMS), a decision support system (DSS) that provides risk assessment for long-term diabetes complications, and an insulin infusion advisory system (IIAS), which reside on a Web server. The DDMS can be accessed from both medical personnel and patients, with appropriate security access rights and front-end interfaces. The DDMS, apart from being used for data storage/retrieval, provides also advanced tools for the intelligent processing of the patient's data, supporting the physician in decision making, regarding the patient's treatment. The IIAS is used to close the loop between the insulin pump and the continuous glucose monitoring system, by providing the pump with the appropriate insulin infusion rate in order to keep the patient's glucose levels within predefined limits. The pilot version of the SMARTDIAB has already been implemented, while the platform's evaluation in clinical environment is being in progress.

3D documentation of footwear impressions and tyre tracks in snow with high resolution optical surface scanning

The three-dimensional documentation of footwear and tyre impressions in snow offers an opportunity to capture additional fine detail for the identification as present photographs. For this approach, up to now, different casting methods have been used. Casting of footwear impressions in snow has always been a difficult assignment. This work demonstrates that for the three-dimensional documentation of impressions in snow the non-destructive method of 3D optical surface scanning is suitable. The new method delivers more detailed results of higher accuracy than the conventional casting techniques. The results of this easy to use and mobile 3D optical surface scanner were very satisfactory in different meteorological and snow conditions. The method is also suitable for impressions in soil, sand or other materials. In addition to the side by side comparison, the automatic comparison of the 3D models and the computation of deviations and accuracy of the data simplify the examination and delivers objective and secure results. The results can be visualized efficiently. Data exchange between investigating authorities at a national or an international level can be achieved easily with electronic data carriers.