O l��xico da apicultura e da melinponicultura no Brasil: limites e flexibilidade para sua fixa����o em um dicion��rio terminol��gico

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Cria����o de contexto favor��vel ao compartilhamento do conhecimento oper��rio: pesquisa no ambiente vidreiro

In search for better competitiveness, the automotive industry has discussed and applied several concepts related to people and processes. However, in many organizations, the adopted concepts are implemented and kept unarticulated. In this context, authors recognize the role of the knowledge as competitive advantage, but it is still dealt in an implicit way with the traditional models of Production Management. Exploring opportunities in this scenario, this Thesis aims to analyse worker knowledge sharing using factors of Knowledge Management, Work Organization and Production Organization. For the realization of the present Thesis, the scope of the research was restricted to be the labour environment of the glass plants shop floor. The choice of the glass sector is justified due to high dependency on the tacit knowledge of blue-collars. The research uses a qualitative-quantitative approach and employs interviews with workers and managers to identify factors. To assess the importance of these factors in the management judgments, is employed the technique Incomplete Pairwise Comparisons based on Analytic Hierarchy Process Saaty (2001). The result indicates integration among factors and highlights the importance of systematic and technical conversation among operators to share better your knowledge. Also, worker knowledge sharing is improved using communication, training and work instruction. This research extends the conceptual frameworks encountered in literature from the factors integration of Knowledge Management with the Organization of Work and the Production and makes explicit use of the theme of knowledge. This contributes to promote of a favourable context for the creation and sharing of knowledge, among the people in the labour environment, and to support incremental innovation

An��lise do fatores para o compartilhamento do conhecimento oper��rio em ind��strias do setor automotivo no Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Estudio y desarrollo del plan de negocio de una empresa: Sistema Web que gestiona e informa sobre las cuentas digitales que el cliente ingresa

El presente documento tiene como objetivo general desarrollar un plan de negocio para analizar la viabilidad de la creaci��n de una nueva empresa, ���MyTested S.L.���. Pretende ofrecer una herramienta para que las personas puedan comunicar a sus familiares el acceso a sus cuentas digitales una vez fallecidos. En cuanto a c��mo surge la idea, fue a trav��s de una noticia que trataba sobre el derecho al olvido en las redes sociales y en internet. Investigando un poco y prestando atenci��n a los movimientos de las grandes empresas de internet, mi compa��ero/socio y yo, nos dimos cuenta de que ofrecer este servicio podr��a valer como negocio, ya que no existe mucha competencia en el mercado. Gracias a eso, nos planteamos en m��s de una ocasi��n la posibilidad de montar nuestro propio negocio, de forma que pudi��ramos utilizar los conocimientos adquiridos en la universidad como base para crear la herramienta web. Escogimos empezar el proyecto utiliz��ndolo como materia para el trabajo de fin de grado porque nos aporta dos valores muy importantes, ayuda de la comunidad de profesores existentes en la UPM, siendo una persona de gran aporte nuestro tutor Oscar Corcho y tambi��n, porque como estamos dedicando todo el tiempo a este proyecto, tener una fecha l��mite para presentar tanto la parte de modelo de negocio como la parte de desarrollo en una fecha concreta, nos ayuda a planificar y mantener una presi��n constante sobre el proyecto y as�� forzar a no abandonarlo ni prolongarlo. Con ello, nos encontramos con dos grupos de dificultades, la escasa formaci��n a nivel empresarial y creaci��n de modelos de negocio y en el ��mbito del desarrollo al desconocimiento de tecnolog��as y APIs de las redes sociales. Al tratarse de una herramienta Web, parte de unos costes muy bajos como el alojamiento del servidor o la contrataci��n temporal de comerciales para publicitar la herramienta entre funerarias y hospitales. Estos factores positivos benefician tanto la realizaci��n del proyecto como su avance. Como ya se puede intuir de la lectura del p��rrafo anterior, el servicio que ofrece la herramienta ���MyTested S.L.��� est�� relacionado con el segmento testamental de una persona fallecida, podr��amos definirlo como testamento digital. Actualmente, vivimos en un mundo que se centra cada vez m��s en la parte digital y es por ello, que en un futuro cercano, todas las cuentas que creamos en internet tendr��n que ser cerradas o bloqueadas cuando caen en el desuso por el fallecimiento del propietario, es en ese hueco donde podemos situarnos, ofreciendo una herramienta para poder trasladar la informaci��n necesaria a las personas elegidas por el cliente para que puedan cerrar o bloquear sus cuentas digitales. Consideramos que existe una interesante oportunidad debido a la escasez de oferta de este tipo de servicios en Espa��a y a nivel mundial. En Abril de 2015 hay inscritos en el registro Nacional de ��ltimas voluntades 185.6651 personas por lo que encontramos que un 0,397%1 de las personas en Espa��a ha registrado su testamento. El gasto medio al hacer un testamento vital ante notario de tus bienes tiene un coste de 40 a 80 euros2 , este es el principal motivo por el que la mayor��a de espa��oles no realiza su testamento antes de morir. Con este dato obtenemos dos lecciones, lo que la herramienta ofrece no es el documento notarial de los bienes del cliente, sino la sistema, puedan bloquear o cerrar sus cuentas. La segunda lecci��n que obtenemos es que el precio tiene que ser muy reducido para poder llegar a un gran n��mero de personas, a��adiendo tambi��n el criterio de que el cliente podr�� actualizar su informaci��n, ya que la informaci��n digital es muy f��cil de cambiar y frecuente. Como se podr�� leer en al apartado dedicado a nuestra visi��n, misi��n y valores, aunque estamos convencidos que se puede extraer de la lectura de cualquier parte de este documento, todos nuestros objetivos los queremos conseguir no s��lo buscando un enfoque empresarial a nuestro d��a a d��a, sino convirtiendo nuestra responsabilidad social sincera, en uno de los retos que m��s nos ilusionan, fomentando para ello, aspectos como el desarrollo web, estudios de mercado, conocimiento de las necesidades de la poblaci��n, nuevas tecnolog��as y negocio. En general, los objetivos que se pretenden cumplir con este estudio son: - Conocer los pasos para crear una empresa - Desarrollar un documento de plan de negocio que contenga lo siguiente: - An��lisis de mercado - Definici��n de productos y/o servicios - Plan de publicidad y expansi��n (marketing) - Plan financiero - Capacidad para definir los requisitos de una aplicaci��n Web. - Capacidad de elegir la tecnolog��a id��nea y actual de un sistema Web. - Conocer el funcionamiento de una empresa y c��mo comunicarse con las herramientas gubernamentales. - Comprobar si las posibilidades que nos ofrece el entorno son las adecuadas para nuestras actividades. - Estudio, an��lisis de la competencia - Definir los diferentes perfiles de cliente para nuestro negocio. - Analizar la viabilidad de nuestro modelo de negocio. Para ello, comenzamos realizando una definici��n de las caracter��sticas generales del proyecto, detallando cu��les son las motivaciones que han hecho a los emprendedores embarcarse en el mismo, qu�� servicios ofreceremos a nuestros clientes, el porqu�� de la elecci��n del sector, as���� como nuestra misi��n, visi��n y valores.---ABSTRACT---The goal and aim of the present document is to develop a business plan in order to analyze the viability of build a new enterprise, that we will name MyTested S.L., it wants offer a tool for sharing and to facilitate to the relatives of a dead person the access to the digital accounts. Talking about how come up the idea, it was once a have read a news over the ���right of forgotten��� throughout social nets and inside internet, researching a little and paying attention to the different movements of the biggest internet companies, my peer ( and partner) and I were aware that to offer this service might be a good business, because does not exist many competitors on this kind of market service, mainly thanks of that, we have planned on several times the possibility to build our owner company, in the way to use the capabilities that we achieved in the University as based to develop and make a web tool. We choose begin this project as subject of our Final Project Degree after analyze the positive and negative point of views: The positive was because it has two main values, firstly the support of the current teachers UPM community, specially our fellow Oscar Corcho and also because we can��t dedicate all our time to this project, so to have a deadline to present either the business model as the develop on time, help us to plan and remain a constant pressure over the project and neither drop out it or extend it more that the necessary. As a web tool, neither the hosting of maintenance or for sort out a net of temporary commercials for visiting hospitals or undertaker��s or insurances, the cost don��t are expensive In the negative side, however, we found twice some main difficulties, the few training as entrepreneur level and how to build a business model and on the other hand the lack of awareness of the technologies and apps of the social net software as well. As summary, these positives facts enhance to work project out and also to develop it. As we could understand reading on the latest paragraph, the service that will do MyTested tool is relation with the testament issue of a dead person, we might call as a digital testament. Currently we are living in world which is focus further on the digital life, for that in a near future every internet accounts should be closed or locked whenever aren��t used by the dead of the owner, this is a market niche (never better said) where we can lead, offering a tool that might transfer the necessary information to the chosen persons by the client in order to allow either close or lock his digital accounts. We are considering that there are interesting opportunities due to the few offers of that kind of service in Spain and at global level. In April 2015 there were 185.6651 persons registered in the Official National last will and testament, this figure mean that the 0,397%1 of the Spaniards citizens have registered their testaments. The average cost of doing the testament of your assets with a Notary is since 40 up to 80���2, this is one of the principal motives because the majority of the Spaniards don��t do it before dead. With these data we might get two lessons, we are not talking about an official notary testament at all, it is only for close or lock the digital accounts by the chosen person by the dead client, and the latest lesson, but not least, the price of our service must be very cheaper in order to achieve touch an important amount of people, knowing also that he client will be able update the information filled, considering that this kind of information is very easy to change and update frequently. As we can read on the stage dedicated to our Vision, Mission and Values, although we are persuaded that can be read in everywhere of this document as well, our aim doesn��t be an business focus on day to day, is also to become our honest social responsibility in this challenge, that is our mainly eagerness, enhancing some aspects as the web development, market research and the knowledge of the population needs, new technologies and new market opportunities. In general the goals that we would like get within this project are: - Achieve the knowledge needs for be an entrepreneurial, and find out the steps for star a business - Achieve market research skills - Products and services definitions - Advertising plan and growth (marketing plan) - Financial plan knowledge - Capability of a web design requirements - Capability for choose the best and actual technology for web design - Knowledge over how work out inside a company and how communicate with official tools. - Check whether the possibilities of the environment are the adequate for our activities. - Research and competitiveness analysis - Define the different profiles of the target for our business. - Analyze the viability of the business model For all that, we began with a definition of the general features of the project, detailing which are the motivations those done to the entrepreneurial get on board, which kind of service we offered to the client, also why the selection of the market sector and our mission, vision and value as well.

OS IMPACTOS E CONSEQU��NCIAS DA ROTATIVIDADE DE PESSOAL SOBRE A MEM��RIA ORGANIZACIONAL: UM ESTUDO NO COM��RCIO VAREJISTA

Este estudo visa pesquisar e compreender o impacto da mem��ria organizacional em organiza����es que possuem um alto ��ndice de rotatividade de pessoal. Com o advento de uma economia baseada em conhecimento, surge um novo trabalhador, chamado por Peter Drucker (1993) e "trabalhador do conhecimento". Nesta nova economia, as organiza����es enfrentam ambientes de incertezas e de intensa competi����o, onde o novo ativo intang��vel das organiza����es, o conhecimento, se torna a chave para a obten����o da vantagem competitiva, que permite que as empresas ganhem novos mercados e aumentem sua lucratividade. Por��m, nestes ambientes competitivos, est�� se tornando freq��ente a sa��da dos empregados das organiza����es, seja porque est��o em busca de melhores coloca����es, ou porque as organiza����es passam por processos de reestrutura����o, que podem impactar em redu����o de pessoal, ou ainda, porque est��o com seus conhecimentos obsoletos. Diante deste cen��rio, atrav��s de pesquisa explorat��ria junto ��s organiza����es do com��rcio varejista, foram investigadas as formas pelas quais as empresas armazenam o conhecimento das pessoas, de modo que quando estas deixem a organiza����o seus conhecimentos permane��am, bem como identificado os principais impactos sobre a qualidade e produtividade em seus processos. Al��m disso, tamb��m s��o ressaltadas algumas a����es em que as empresas possam contribuir para aumentar a satisfa����o das pessoas em pertencerem a organiza����o, visando contribuir para a maior reten����o de profissionais, e conseq��entemente do conhecimento t��cito, que �� o mais valioso nas organiza����es.(AU)

OS IMPACTOS E CONSEQU��NCIAS DA ROTATIVIDADE DE PESSOAL SOBRE A MEM��RIA ORGANIZACIONAL: UM ESTUDO NO COM��RCIO VAREJISTA

Este estudo visa pesquisar e compreender o impacto da mem��ria organizacional em organiza����es que possuem um alto ��ndice de rotatividade de pessoal. Com o advento de uma economia baseada em conhecimento, surge um novo trabalhador, chamado por Peter Drucker (1993) e "trabalhador do conhecimento". Nesta nova economia, as organiza����es enfrentam ambientes de incertezas e de intensa competi����o, onde o novo ativo intang��vel das organiza����es, o conhecimento, se torna a chave para a obten����o da vantagem competitiva, que permite que as empresas ganhem novos mercados e aumentem sua lucratividade. Por��m, nestes ambientes competitivos, est�� se tornando freq��ente a sa��da dos empregados das organiza����es, seja porque est��o em busca de melhores coloca����es, ou porque as organiza����es passam por processos de reestrutura����o, que podem impactar em redu����o de pessoal, ou ainda, porque est��o com seus conhecimentos obsoletos. Diante deste cen��rio, atrav��s de pesquisa explorat��ria junto ��s organiza����es do com��rcio varejista, foram investigadas as formas pelas quais as empresas armazenam o conhecimento das pessoas, de modo que quando estas deixem a organiza����o seus conhecimentos permane��am, bem como identificado os principais impactos sobre a qualidade e produtividade em seus processos. Al��m disso, tamb��m s��o ressaltadas algumas a����es em que as empresas possam contribuir para aumentar a satisfa����o das pessoas em pertencerem a organiza����o, visando contribuir para a maior reten����o de profissionais, e conseq��entemente do conhecimento t��cito, que �� o mais valioso nas organiza����es.(AU)

OS IMPACTOS E CONSEQU��NCIAS DA ROTATIVIDADE DE PESSOAL SOBRE A MEM��RIA ORGANIZACIONAL: UM ESTUDO NO COM��RCIO VAREJISTA

Este estudo visa pesquisar e compreender o impacto da mem��ria organizacional em organiza����es que possuem um alto ��ndice de rotatividade de pessoal. Com o advento de uma economia baseada em conhecimento, surge um novo trabalhador, chamado por Peter Drucker (1993) e "trabalhador do conhecimento". Nesta nova economia, as organiza����es enfrentam ambientes de incertezas e de intensa competi����o, onde o novo ativo intang��vel das organiza����es, o conhecimento, se torna a chave para a obten����o da vantagem competitiva, que permite que as empresas ganhem novos mercados e aumentem sua lucratividade. Por��m, nestes ambientes competitivos, est�� se tornando freq��ente a sa��da dos empregados das organiza����es, seja porque est��o em busca de melhores coloca����es, ou porque as organiza����es passam por processos de reestrutura����o, que podem impactar em redu����o de pessoal, ou ainda, porque est��o com seus conhecimentos obsoletos. Diante deste cen��rio, atrav��s de pesquisa explorat��ria junto ��s organiza����es do com��rcio varejista, foram investigadas as formas pelas quais as empresas armazenam o conhecimento das pessoas, de modo que quando estas deixem a organiza����o seus conhecimentos permane��am, bem como identificado os principais impactos sobre a qualidade e produtividade em seus processos. Al��m disso, tamb��m s��o ressaltadas algumas a����es em que as empresas possam contribuir para aumentar a satisfa����o das pessoas em pertencerem a organiza����o, visando contribuir para a maior reten����o de profissionais, e conseq��entemente do conhecimento t��cito, que �� o mais valioso nas organiza����es.(AU)

Workplace interactions and the polymorphic role of e-mail

Purpose - One of the principal organizational developments in the last decade has been the pervasive influence of computer mediated communication (CMC) tools. The purpose of this paper is to closely interrogate the day-to-day role of e-mail in explicating, influencing and shaping social and information interactions within an organization. Design/methodology/approach - A series of in-depth interviews (n = 29) were undertaken to elicit employee opinions on their e-mail adaptation, experiences and practices. Findings - The paper provides insights into the polymorphic role of e-mail, particularly the way in which it is adapted by individuals within the organization. Specifically, it shows how this tool interacts within day-to-day work activities and tasks. Research limitations/implications - This paper investigates only one CMC tool, e-mail, although it is envisaged that this initial work will be used to raise a new understanding of the socially skilled adaptation of other CMC tools by employees as well as leaders. Practical implications- Previously unreported insights into employee opinion are delineated in order to provide a focus from which organizations can train and develop their employees and leaders to maximise knowledge creation within the organization. Originality/value - This study assesses CMC from an under-researched "real-life" perspective in which everyday interactions are used to understand employee reactions to e-mail communication and hence foster an atmosphere in which these interactions assist organizational development.

Preceptoria em profissionais de sa��de: viabilizando meios para uma forma����o pedag��gica em hospitais p��blicos em Natal-RN

This study aimed to construct and carry out a distance course of pedagogical training for health professional performing preceptorship functions in public health institutions. The preceptorship in health is a pedagogical practice that occurs in workplace, led by assistance professionals with teaching position or not, where the vast majority of these acts intuitively, reproducing their own training, confusing transmitting information with education. These preceptors often do not dominate the pedagogical knowledge, necessary for the organization of training activities, such as the various teaching-learning processes and the different assessment types. Student supervision is essential in the training process of students in the health field, and on the occasion of supervised internships that the teaching-learning process is based on practical experience with participation in real life situations and professional work. It was realized an exploratory study, descriptive with qualitative approach, with the development of tutoring teaching course in health as final product. Applied semi structured research instrument from may to july 2014. It were evaluated 162 health professionals who perform the preceptorship, which made it possible define the preceptor's profile and identify the educational requirements related to the educational process, which justified the construction of the program content and the professionals��� perception analysis about preceptorship through identification of three categories: clinic knowledge valuation; valuation of professional orientation and valuation of professional future. The course was available on distance mode through Moodle platform with forty hours of work load from October to November 2014. With the aim of capacitate the health professionals to development of necessary abilities and skills to tutoring performance through thoughts about tutoring concepts, professional training within the curricular guidelines and SUS precepts, the role of health professionals as educators, application of active teaching methodologies, and evaluation methods. The applications were done online through the provided link; 300 vacancies offered, 243 professionals applied, chosen 134 that works on tutoring, where 49 represented professionals that works on the location of the study. The course lasted 45 days, and counted with tutors responsible to interact and evaluate the students. 28 professionals joined the course, 12 concluded. Opportunities were identified to stimulate the involvement, however the professionals��� satisfaction shows that, make an investment on tutors education, starting from the Permanent Education precepts, will provide a bigger appropriation of the knowledge to the education and therefore the awareness of their role as an educator on work ambit, proportioning essential tools to tutors act while enabler of integration between theory and practice and result better teaching-learning process.

Survival of a Perverse Nation: Sexuality and Kinship in Post-Soviet Armenia

<p>Survival of a Perverse Nation traces the ways in which contemporary Armenian anxieties are congealing into the figure of the ���homosexual.��� As in other post-Soviet republics, homosexuality has increasingly become defined as the crisis of the times, and is understood by many as a destructive force linked to European encroachment. In Armenia, a growing right-wing nationalist movement since 2012 has been targeting LGBT and feminist activists. I suggest that this movement has arisen out of Armenia���s concerns regarding proper social and biological reproduction in the face of high rates of emigration of especially men in search of work. Many in the country blame this emigration on a post-Soviet oligarchy, with close ties to the government. This oligarchy, having quickly and massively privatized and liquidated industry and land during the war over the region of Nagorno-Karabagh (1990-1994) with Azerbaijan, created widespread un(der)employment. A national narrative attributing the nation���s survival of the 1915 Genocide and dispersion of its populations to strong morality preserved by institutions such as the Church and the family has now, in the post-Soviet era, ruptured into one of moral ���perversion.��� This dissertation is based on 15 months of ethnographic research, during which I participated in the work of two local non-governmental organizations: Public Information and Need for Knowledge, an LGBT rights organization and Women���s Resource Center, a feminist organization. I also conducted interviews with 150 households across Yerevan, the capital city, and did in-depth interviews with other activists, right-wing nationalists and journalists. Through psychoanalytic frameworks, as well as studies of kinship, I show how sovereignty ��� the longed for dream for Armenians over the last century ��� is felt to have failed because of the moral corruption of the illegitimate figures that fill Armenian seats of authority. I, thus, examine the ways in which a missing father of the household is discursively linked to the lack of strong leadership by a corrupt government, producing a prevalent feeling of moral disintegration that nationalists displace onto the ���homosexual.���</p>

Evaluation use within a humanitarian non-governmental organization���s health care user-fee exemption program in West Africa

L�����valuation de l���action humanitaire (��AH) est un outil valoris�� pour soutenir l���imputabilit��, la transparence et l���efficience de programmes humanitaires contribuant �� diminuer les in��quit��s et �� promouvoir la sant�� mondiale. L���EAH est incontournable pour les parties prenantes de programme, les bailleurs de fonds, d��cideurs et intervenants souhaitant int��grer les donn��es probantes aux pratiques et �� la prise de d��cisions. Cependant, l���utilisation de l�����valuation (U��) reste incertaine, l�����AH ��tant fr��quemment men��e, mais inutilis��. Aussi, les conditions influen��ant l���U�� varient selon les contextes et leur pr��sence et applicabilit�� au sein d���organisations non-gouvernementales (ONG) humanitaires restent peu document��es. Les ��valuateurs, parties prenantes et d��cideurs en contexte humanitaire souhaitant assurer l���U�� p��renne d��tiennent peu de rep��res puisque rares sont les ��tudes examinant l���U�� et ses conditions �� long terme. La pr��sente th��se tend �� clarifier ces enjeux en documentant sur une p��riode de deux ans l���U�� et les conditions qui la d��termine, au sein d���une strat��gie d�����valuation int��gr��e au programme d���exemption de paiement des soins de sant�� d���une ONG humanitaire. L���objectif de ce programme est de faciliter l���acc��s �� la sant�� aux m��res, aux enfants de moins de cinq ans et aux indigents de districts sanitaires au Niger et au Burkina Faso, r��gions du Sahel o�� des crises alimentaires et ��conomiques ont engendr�� des taux ��lev��s de malnutrition, de morbidit�� et de mortalit��. Une premi��re ��valuation du programme d���exemption au Niger a men�� au d��veloppement de la strat��gie d�����valuation int��gr��e �� ce m��me programme au Burkina Faso. La th��se se compose de trois articles. Le premier pr��sente une ��tude d�����valuabilit��, ��tape pr��liminaire �� la th��se et permettant de juger de sa faisabilit��. Les r��sultats d��montrent une logique coh��rente et plausible de la strat��gie d�����valuation, l���accessibilit�� de donn��es et l���utilit�� d�����tudier l���U�� par l���ONG. Le second article documente l���U�� des parties prenantes de la strat��gie et comment celle-ci servit le programme d���exemption. L���utilisation des r��sultats fut instrumentale, conceptuelle et persuasive, alors que l���utilisation des processus ne fut qu���instrumentale et conceptuelle. Le troisi��me article documente les conditions qui, selon les parties prenantes, ont progressivement influenc�� l���U��. L���attitude des utilisateurs, les relations et communications interpersonnelles et l���habilet�� des ��valuateurs �� mener et �� partager les connaissances adapt��es aux besoins des utilisateurs furent les conditions cl��s li��es �� l���U��. La th��se contribue �� l���avancement des connaissances sur l���U�� en milieu humanitaire et apporte des recommandations aux parties prenantes de l���ONG.

Transformer les pratiques professionnelles vis-��-vis des personnes prestataires de l���aide sociale : d��veloppement participatif et ��valuation d���une formation continue en cabinet dentaire

L���objectif de la pr��sente th��se est de g��n��rer des connaissances sur les contributions possibles d���une formation continue �� l�����volution des perspectives et pratiques des professionnels de la sant�� buccodentaire. Pr��nant une approche centr��e sur le patient, la formation vise �� sensibiliser les professionnels �� la pauvret�� et �� encourager des pratiques qui se veulent inclusives et qui tiennent compte du contexte social des patients. L�����valuation de la formation s���inscrit dans le contexte d���une recherche-action participative de d��veloppement d���outils ��ducatifs et de transfert des connaissances sur la pauvret��. Cette recherche-action aspire �� contribuer �� la lutte contre les iniquit��s sociales de sant�� et d���acc��s aux soins au Qu��bec; elle refl��te une pr��occupation pour une plus grande justice sociale ainsi qu���une prise de position pour une sant�� publique critique fond��e sur une �� science des solutions �� (Potvin, 2013). Quatre articles scientifiques, ancr��s dans une philosophie constructiviste et dans les concepts et principes de l���apprentissage transformationnel (Mezirow, 1991), constituent le c��ur de cette th��se. Le premier article pr��sente une revue critique de la litt��rature portant sur l���enseignement de l���approche de soins centr��s sur le patient. Prenant appui sur le concept d���une �� ��pist��mologie partag��e ��, des principes ��ducatifs porteurs d���une transformation de perspective �� l�����gard de la relation professionnel-patient ont ��t�� identifi��s et analys��s. Le deuxi��me article de th��se s���inscrit dans le cadre du d��veloppement participatif d���outils de formation sur la pauvret�� et illustre le processus de co-construction d���un sc��nario de court-m��trage social r��aliste portant sur la pauvret�� et l���acc��s aux soins. L���article d��crit et apporte une r��flexion, notamment sur la dimension de co-formation entre les diff��rents acteurs des milieux acad��mique, professionnel et citoyen qui ont constitu�� le collectif �� l�����coute les uns des autres. Nous y d��couvrons la force du croisement des savoirs pour g��n��rer des prises de conscience sur soi et sur ses pr��jug��s. Les outils d��velopp��s par le collectif ont ��t�� int��gr��s �� une formation continue ax��e sur la r��flexion critique et l���apprentissage transformationnel, et con��ue pour ��tre livr��e en cabinet dentaire priv��. Les deux derniers articles de th��se pr��sentent les r��sultats d���une ��tude de cas instrumentale ��valuative centr��e sur cette formation continue et visant donc �� r��pondre �� l���objectif premier de cette th��se. Le premier consiste en une analyse des transformations de perspectives et d���action au sein d���une ��quipe de 15 professionnels dentaires ayant particip�� �� la formation continue sur une p��riode de trois mois. L���article d��crit, entre autres, une plus grande ouverture, chez certains participants, sur les causes structurelles de la pauvret�� et une plus grande sensibilit�� au v��cu au quotidien des personnes prestataires de l���aide sociale. L���article comprend ��galement une exploration des effets paradoxaux dans l���apprentissage, notamment le renforcement, chez certains, de perceptions n��gatives �� l�����gard des personnes prestataires de l���aide sociale. Le quatri��me article fait ��tat de barri��res id��ologiques contraignant la transformation des pratiques professionnelles : 1) l���identification �� l���id��ologie du march�� priv�� comme v��hicule d���organisation des soins; 2) l���attachement au concept d�����galit�� dans les pratiques, au d��triment de l�����quit��; 3) la pr��dominance du mod��le biom��dical, contraignant l���adoption de pratiques centr��es sur la personne et 4) la cat��gorisation sociale des personnes prestataires de l���aide sociale. L���analyse des perceptions, mais aussi de l���exp��rience v��cue de ces barri��res d��montre comment des facteurs syst��miques et sociaux influent sur le rapport entre professionnel dentaire et personne prestataire de l���aide sociale. Les cons��quences pour la recherche, l�����ducation dentaire, le transfert des connaissances, ainsi que pour la r��gulation professionnelle et les politiques de sant�� buccodentaire, sont examin��es �� partir de cette perspective.

Movement Sonification: Effects on Motor Learning beyond Rhythmic Adjustments

Motor learning is based on motor perception and emergent perceptual-motor representations. A lot of behavioral research is related to single perceptual modalities but during last two decades the contribution of multimodal perception on motor behavior was discovered more and more. A growing number of studies indicates an enhanced impact of multimodal stimuli on motor perception, motor control and motor learning in terms of better precision and higher reliability of the related actions. Behavioral research is supported by neurophysiological data, revealing that multisensory integration supports motor control and learning. But the overwhelming part of both research lines is dedicated to basic research. Besides research in the domains of music, dance and motor rehabilitation, there is almost no evidence for enhanced effectiveness of multisensory information on learning of gross motor skills. To reduce this gap, movement sonification is used here in applied research on motor learning in sports. Based on the current knowledge on the multimodal organization of the perceptual system, we generate additional real-time movement information being suitable for integration with perceptual feedback streams of visual and proprioceptive modality. With ongoing training, synchronously processed auditory information should be initially integrated into the emerging internal models, enhancing the efficacy of motor learning. This is achieved by a direct mapping of kinematic and dynamic motion parameters to electronic sounds, resulting in continuous auditory and convergent audiovisual or audio-proprioceptive stimulus arrays. In sharp contrast to other approaches using acoustic information as error-feedback in motor learning settings, we try to generate additional movement information suitable for acceleration and enhancement of adequate sensorimotor representations and processible below the level of consciousness. In the experimental setting, participants were asked to learn a closed motor skill (technique acquisition of indoor rowing). One group was treated with visual information and two groups with audiovisual information (sonification vs. natural sounds). For all three groups learning became evident and remained stable. Participants treated with additional movement sonification showed better performance compared to both other groups. Results indicate that movement sonification enhances motor learning of a complex gross motor skill-even exceeding usually expected acoustic rhythmic effects on motor learning.

Evaluation use within a humanitarian non-governmental organization���s health care user-fee exemption program in West Africa

L�����valuation de l���action humanitaire (��AH) est un outil valoris�� pour soutenir l���imputabilit��, la transparence et l���efficience de programmes humanitaires contribuant �� diminuer les in��quit��s et �� promouvoir la sant�� mondiale. L���EAH est incontournable pour les parties prenantes de programme, les bailleurs de fonds, d��cideurs et intervenants souhaitant int��grer les donn��es probantes aux pratiques et �� la prise de d��cisions. Cependant, l���utilisation de l�����valuation (U��) reste incertaine, l�����AH ��tant fr��quemment men��e, mais inutilis��. Aussi, les conditions influen��ant l���U�� varient selon les contextes et leur pr��sence et applicabilit�� au sein d���organisations non-gouvernementales (ONG) humanitaires restent peu document��es. Les ��valuateurs, parties prenantes et d��cideurs en contexte humanitaire souhaitant assurer l���U�� p��renne d��tiennent peu de rep��res puisque rares sont les ��tudes examinant l���U�� et ses conditions �� long terme. La pr��sente th��se tend �� clarifier ces enjeux en documentant sur une p��riode de deux ans l���U�� et les conditions qui la d��termine, au sein d���une strat��gie d�����valuation int��gr��e au programme d���exemption de paiement des soins de sant�� d���une ONG humanitaire. L���objectif de ce programme est de faciliter l���acc��s �� la sant�� aux m��res, aux enfants de moins de cinq ans et aux indigents de districts sanitaires au Niger et au Burkina Faso, r��gions du Sahel o�� des crises alimentaires et ��conomiques ont engendr�� des taux ��lev��s de malnutrition, de morbidit�� et de mortalit��. Une premi��re ��valuation du programme d���exemption au Niger a men�� au d��veloppement de la strat��gie d�����valuation int��gr��e �� ce m��me programme au Burkina Faso. La th��se se compose de trois articles. Le premier pr��sente une ��tude d�����valuabilit��, ��tape pr��liminaire �� la th��se et permettant de juger de sa faisabilit��. Les r��sultats d��montrent une logique coh��rente et plausible de la strat��gie d�����valuation, l���accessibilit�� de donn��es et l���utilit�� d�����tudier l���U�� par l���ONG. Le second article documente l���U�� des parties prenantes de la strat��gie et comment celle-ci servit le programme d���exemption. L���utilisation des r��sultats fut instrumentale, conceptuelle et persuasive, alors que l���utilisation des processus ne fut qu���instrumentale et conceptuelle. Le troisi��me article documente les conditions qui, selon les parties prenantes, ont progressivement influenc�� l���U��. L���attitude des utilisateurs, les relations et communications interpersonnelles et l���habilet�� des ��valuateurs �� mener et �� partager les connaissances adapt��es aux besoins des utilisateurs furent les conditions cl��s li��es �� l���U��. La th��se contribue �� l���avancement des connaissances sur l���U�� en milieu humanitaire et apporte des recommandations aux parties prenantes de l���ONG.

Transformer les pratiques professionnelles vis-��-vis des personnes prestataires de l���aide sociale : d��veloppement participatif et ��valuation d���une formation continue en cabinet dentaire

L���objectif de la pr��sente th��se est de g��n��rer des connaissances sur les contributions possibles d���une formation continue �� l�����volution des perspectives et pratiques des professionnels de la sant�� buccodentaire. Pr��nant une approche centr��e sur le patient, la formation vise �� sensibiliser les professionnels �� la pauvret�� et �� encourager des pratiques qui se veulent inclusives et qui tiennent compte du contexte social des patients. L�����valuation de la formation s���inscrit dans le contexte d���une recherche-action participative de d��veloppement d���outils ��ducatifs et de transfert des connaissances sur la pauvret��. Cette recherche-action aspire �� contribuer �� la lutte contre les iniquit��s sociales de sant�� et d���acc��s aux soins au Qu��bec; elle refl��te une pr��occupation pour une plus grande justice sociale ainsi qu���une prise de position pour une sant�� publique critique fond��e sur une �� science des solutions �� (Potvin, 2013). Quatre articles scientifiques, ancr��s dans une philosophie constructiviste et dans les concepts et principes de l���apprentissage transformationnel (Mezirow, 1991), constituent le c��ur de cette th��se. Le premier article pr��sente une revue critique de la litt��rature portant sur l���enseignement de l���approche de soins centr��s sur le patient. Prenant appui sur le concept d���une �� ��pist��mologie partag��e ��, des principes ��ducatifs porteurs d���une transformation de perspective �� l�����gard de la relation professionnel-patient ont ��t�� identifi��s et analys��s. Le deuxi��me article de th��se s���inscrit dans le cadre du d��veloppement participatif d���outils de formation sur la pauvret�� et illustre le processus de co-construction d���un sc��nario de court-m��trage social r��aliste portant sur la pauvret�� et l���acc��s aux soins. L���article d��crit et apporte une r��flexion, notamment sur la dimension de co-formation entre les diff��rents acteurs des milieux acad��mique, professionnel et citoyen qui ont constitu�� le collectif �� l�����coute les uns des autres. Nous y d��couvrons la force du croisement des savoirs pour g��n��rer des prises de conscience sur soi et sur ses pr��jug��s. Les outils d��velopp��s par le collectif ont ��t�� int��gr��s �� une formation continue ax��e sur la r��flexion critique et l���apprentissage transformationnel, et con��ue pour ��tre livr��e en cabinet dentaire priv��. Les deux derniers articles de th��se pr��sentent les r��sultats d���une ��tude de cas instrumentale ��valuative centr��e sur cette formation continue et visant donc �� r��pondre �� l���objectif premier de cette th��se. Le premier consiste en une analyse des transformations de perspectives et d���action au sein d���une ��quipe de 15 professionnels dentaires ayant particip�� �� la formation continue sur une p��riode de trois mois. L���article d��crit, entre autres, une plus grande ouverture, chez certains participants, sur les causes structurelles de la pauvret�� et une plus grande sensibilit�� au v��cu au quotidien des personnes prestataires de l���aide sociale. L���article comprend ��galement une exploration des effets paradoxaux dans l���apprentissage, notamment le renforcement, chez certains, de perceptions n��gatives �� l�����gard des personnes prestataires de l���aide sociale. Le quatri��me article fait ��tat de barri��res id��ologiques contraignant la transformation des pratiques professionnelles : 1) l���identification �� l���id��ologie du march�� priv�� comme v��hicule d���organisation des soins; 2) l���attachement au concept d�����galit�� dans les pratiques, au d��triment de l�����quit��; 3) la pr��dominance du mod��le biom��dical, contraignant l���adoption de pratiques centr��es sur la personne et 4) la cat��gorisation sociale des personnes prestataires de l���aide sociale. L���analyse des perceptions, mais aussi de l���exp��rience v��cue de ces barri��res d��montre comment des facteurs syst��miques et sociaux influent sur le rapport entre professionnel dentaire et personne prestataire de l���aide sociale. Les cons��quences pour la recherche, l�����ducation dentaire, le transfert des connaissances, ainsi que pour la r��gulation professionnelle et les politiques de sant�� buccodentaire, sont examin��es �� partir de cette perspective.