920 resultados para Criança hospitalizada : Família : Cuidados
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O brincar é uma atividade construtiva através da qual a criança elabora a sua percepção do mundo e, conseqUentemente, a estruturação de sua personalidade. Os brinquedos podem ser utilizados como instrumentos de criação, quando permitem ã criança liberar suas fantasias, ou de dominação, ao reforçarem a reprodução de idéias, valores e papéis sociais. ~ preciso conhecer o universo circundante da criança: a família e a sociedade na qual ela vive, para se poder avaliar os brinquedos que são colocados no mercado, o comportamento dos pais em relação ao brincar da criança e a opção de escolha que os pais fazem ao presentearem os filhos com brinquedos. Atualmente, a sociedade coloca ã disposição da criança brinquedos que trazem em si mensagens que reforçam condutas sociais, atuando, desde cedo, no estabelecimento de um modo de pensar tipicamente capitalista. O objetivo é desenvolver nas brincadeiras um tipo de "modelização do comportamento" da criança que é, ao mesmo tempo, lúdico e semiótico. Para melhor entender "as regras deste jogo", as características da sociedade foram examinadas com base nas categorias marxistas: trabalho, alienação e mercadoria. Na tentativa de se interpretar esta versão do "brincar da criança" utilizou-se, ainda, os referenciais tempo, simulacro, publicidade e consumo. Este com destaque, por ser a base de sustentação da sociedade capitalista. Consumir passou a ser um imperativo do nosso tempo. Todas são capturados: homens, mulheres e crianças. O desejo é a matéria-prima geradora de consumo. ~ ele que conduz o homem na sua busca incessante pelo objeto ideal. O desejo pode ser visto como formação de uma carência, constituída nos primeiros anos de vida da criança, que arrasta o indivíduo numa procura in[indivel (visão psicanalítica), ou como produção coletiva do homem, processo de ruptura do sistema que o oprime, de acordo com Deleuze e Guattari. A "apropriação" do desejo da criança através do brinquedo é, certamente, um instrumento poderoso, que leva não só à exploração do consumo mas, principalmente, a uma subjetividade construída sob valores que estão voltados, unicamente, para a economia de mercado.
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This study focuses on the child within the hospital environment. Its purpose is to describe children s perceptions of their illness and time in hospital and to identify their main hardships during treatment. This study has a qualitative nature and is theoretically and methodologically supported by the creative and sensitive method developed by Cabral (1998), studies by Piaget, Vygotsky and Wallon on child development, and studies conducted by Pinto (2005), Collet (2004), Chiattone (2003), Silva (2002), Lima et.al (1999) on in-patient children. For this study, 13 children between the ages of 7 and 12 at a public hospital institution specialized in child care in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, were interviewed. As a criterion for taking part in this study the children would have to have been in hospital for over three days and be fully capable of physically and emotionally interacting with the researcher at the time the interview took place. Analysis drew on the study of the empirical material made up of interviews and a field diary where notes had been entered for the children s reactions, expressions and gestures. Results show that there is some understanding, on the part of these children, of their illness, with their parents as the main informants. They accept being in hospital because they need treatment, but they realize that life becomes different especially on account of the constraints resulting from the illness and the hospital itself. The main hardships during treatment are: lack of recreational activities in the evenings and on the weekends within the hospital environment; absence of family members, especially brothers and sisters; and lack of explanation on the part of health professionals regarding some procedures as these are being carried out. Our conclusion is that children perceive illness and the hospital environment as something that changes the rhythm of their lives bringing on them perturbations, fears and anxieties. Hence, we suggest that professionals working with in-patient children should be especially prepared to deal with these children and their parents, aiming at bringing down fears and anguishes, clear their doubts and, in addition, advise the parents in respect of their children s treatment while in hospital and after hospital discharge. The hospital environment should also be cheerful and colorful and have a toy room under the coordination of persons especially prepared for that purpose
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Study of qualitative approach using the oral history methodology, in modality oral history of life, which aimed to: tell the stories of lives of users of psychotropic drugs for prolonged period of time, in Family Health Unit Santarém (FHU Santarém), Natal-RN-Brazil; identify possible causes which influence and trigger, respectively, use of psychotropic for prolonged period of time; search for greater knowledge about this problem of public health; contribute with the planning and development of nursing cares, to users of psychotropic drugs for prolonged period of time, as well as in Mental Health Care, integrally, in perspective of Family Health Strategy (FHS). It was used as a baseline survey, the coverage area of family health team, from FHU Santarém, which belongs to Health District North II, from Municipal Health Secretariat, in Natal-RN-BR. Eight employees who use psychotropic drugs for prolonged period of time were interviewed. They volunteered to narrate their life stories, which were analyzed by using the thematic modality, since the study is focused on the question of the use of psychotropic drugs for prolonged period of time. The thematic axis crisis, prejudice and care, defined by the categorization of common elements, found through successive and careful readings of narratives, were used to analyze these stories of lives. The study found that users of psychotropic drugs for prolonged period of time are affected by mental health crisis, feeling need to be heard, as well as the existence of social prejudice towards people with mental disorders, and non-completion of development of managed care, by the family health team, and particularly, the nursing care to people suffering from mental disorders and users of psychotropic drugs for prolonged period of time. It is proposed that, in the search of development and planning of nursing care to users of psychotropic drugs for prolonged period of time, and in mental health care, integrally, in FHS, the nurse can think and make a drawing about manners of performing nursing care to this clientele through the use of consultation of nursing, conducting home visits, collective construction of spaces for listening and socialization, which can be used as possible paths for the construction of such care
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
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This research deals with children and teenagers who are in childish work situation like juridical and institutional conquests connected with public politics in order to effects rights and social support about childish work eradication program (PETI) in terms of evaluation context under social work. The analysis of this research records the PETI implantation process at social nucleus in Cidade Nova (Natal/RN) to absorb children and teenagers who come from lixão . It does this based on the two thousands (2005) and presents the program importance linking users and their families such as the investigation of PETI actions, intending to give a contribution in the childish work combat and how they have been developed social-education protection for children and teenagers (seven to fifteens). About quality and quantity it was make a survey of social-economical characterization of the people benefits (to families) through interviews with users. This study (make us) sure brings new subventions which can cooperate to the childish work eradication by others public politics articulations
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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This research deals with children and teenagers who are in childish work situation like juridical and institutional conquests connected with public politics in order to effects rights and social support about childish work eradication program (PETI) in terms of evaluation context under social work. The analysis of this research records the PETI implantation process at social nucleus in Cidade Nova (Natal/RN) to absorb children and teenagers who come from lixão . It does this based on the two thousands (2005) and presents the program importance linking users and their families such as the investigation of PETI actions, intending to give a contribution in the childish work combat and how they have been developed social-education protection for children and teenagers (seven to fifteens). About quality and quantity it was make a survey of social-economical characterization of the people benefits (to families) through interviews with users. This study (make us) sure brings new subventions which can cooperate to the childish work eradication by others public politics articulations
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Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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This study's aim was to verify coping strategies among children aged between 7 and 12 years old who will be experiencing surgery and the potential relationship of coping strategies with sociodemographic variables, stress in children and in companions, and the child's prior experience with surgery. A total of 58 children hospitalized and waiting for elective surgeries responded to the Assessment Instrument of Coping to Hospitalization and an instrument to assess stress. The companion received a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Lipp Stress Symptom Inventory. Problem-solving strategies and distraction were the most frequent strategies used, while social withdrawal and opposition were the least frequent. Girls and children of stressful parents used emotion regulation strategies with significantly more frequency. Likewise, greater cognitive restructuring was observed in older children and those with prior experience with surgeries. The results show the need to consider the studied variables when developing pre-operative preparation programs.
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Objective. To asses fairy tales reading as a humanization strategy of hospitalized children care. Methodology. Qualitative study in which data was collected from: fairy tales reading: individual interview, questionnaire, drawings and stories created by the children. Results. During reading sessions, improvement in the children’s reactions was seen: They were more focused, participative, enthusiastic and happy; those accompanying the children liked and accepted this intervention. Data analysis collected from Interviews, questionnaires, narratives and drawings, showed results in favor of the tales reading practice. Conclusion. The humanization strategy of care supported by fairy tales reading, had a positive impact in the children’s admission to the hospital.
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OBJECTIVE: To understand the perception of nurses from the Family Health Strategy in relation to palliative care in the home. METHODS: A descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach conducted with nine nurses from the Family Health Strategy of the municipality of Lavras - MG. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and data were subjected to content analysis. RESULTS: The various dimensions of care in the home context were identified, along with the performance and limitations of nurses in the care of the patient and his family at end of life. The capacity to establish a bond, by the proximity to people who receive their care, is a remarkable point of the action of these nurses with patients and families in end of life situations. CONCLUSION: The nurses consider the patient and his family as the unit of care, they have the opportunity to share solidarity, experiences and learning, not only from a professional standpoint, but above all, from a human one.
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Introdução - O abuso sexual de crianças constitui um problema de saúde pública, com aproximadamente 73 milhões de casos de meninos e 150 milhões de meninas registrados anualmente no mundo. O abuso sexual gera consequências negativas e condutas de risco que contribuem com algumas das principais causas de morte, doença e deficiência nas vítimas do abuso. Pais ou cuidadores primários são fundamentais no processo de orientação e de cuidado das crianças abusadas, no sentido de prevenir as consequências cognitivas, comportamentais e emocionais evidenciadas no futuro dessas crianças. Entretanto, as habilidades das famílias de cuidadores para lidar com a problemática ainda são insuficientes. Objetivo - Descrever os processos e significados da experiência vivida pelos pais ou cuidadores primários de crianças abusadas sexualmente. Método - Os dados empíricos foram tratados utilizando-se o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, que viabiliza a emergência das representações sociais por meio da construção dos discursos coletivos obtidos de depoimentos de um grupo específico. Foram avaliados 60 pais ou cuidadores primários não estupradores, que responderam à cinco situações-problema, cada uma com questões correspondentes, residentes nos municípios de Cajicá e Tabio de Bogotá, Colômbia. O processamento e a análise dos dados foram realizados no sofware Qualiquantisoft, associado à metodologia do DSC. Resultados - Na primeira situação-problema, que aborda o porquê do silêncio do filho sobre o abuso, os entrevistados enfatizaram que é fundamental o relacionamento pais e filhos (45,7 por cento , n = 43), bem como melhorar o papel de pais por meio da escuta, do diálogo e do confiar, dedicando mais tempo às crianças; também acham que o silêncio se deve ao medo por parte das crianças e a ameaças e intimidação por parte do abusador, Na situação-problema 2, relativa à identificação do abuso sexual como problema real, o significado atribuído configura cadeias que se repetem por transmissão intergeracional (26,9 por cento , n = 21). Na situação-problema 3, o que fazer no futuro, 53,3 por cento dos entrevistados (n = 32) acham que a criança está comprometida comportamentalmente e enfatizam a homossexualidade com perda da identidade como consequência da violência sexual. Na situação-problema 4, que enfatiza o papel da rede social quanto ao cuidado da criança, os entrevistados acreditam que a solução é dar proteção (29,1 por cento ; n = 32), com ações que visem a afastar a criança do ambiente agressor, dar orientação, apoio e segurança à criança e à família. A quinta situação-problema que diz respeito ao cuidado das crianças abusadas; 34,26 por cento dos entrevistados (n = 37) enfatizam o apoio e a ajuda com a interveniência da rede de apoio social e afetivo. Conclusão - Para os pais ou cuidadores primários de crianças abusadas sexualmente, os significados se expressam como afetivo, coragem, superação, não ter medo e saber reconhecer as falhas dos pais. Em função dos resultados, que identificam posturas tradicionais dos respondentes, recomenda-se programas inovadores com um alto componente educativo, onde se contextualize o abuso sexual por meio de situações reais em escolas, delegacias, nas famílias e na comunidade, com interveniência das redes de apoio social; enfatiza-se igualmente a necessidade de formação mais humanizada dos profissionais de apoio social.
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O presente estudo teve como objectivo, partindo de uma análise comparativa entre dois hospitais, descrever e identificar aspectos que pudessem comprovar que as actividades escolares desenvolvidas no contexto hospitalar podem contribuir para amenizar o sofrimento de crianças hospitalizadas assim como contribuem para o seu desenvolvimento integral. As bases de assistência à criança hospitalizada têm vindo a modificar-se nas últimas décadas derivado aos resultados de pesquisas nas áreas das ciências médicas, humanas e sociais. Tendo estas concepções como base, criam-se então, perspectivas de como apoiar melhor a criança no processo de hospitalização que tem de enfrentar, esclarecendo e auxiliando também os profissionais que têm como objectivo primordial o bem-estar da criança, a todos os níveis: físico, pedagógico, social, afectivo e psicológico. A inserção da escola nos hospitais, adequada às necessidades e situação de cada criança, recupera a socialização desta por um processo de inclusão, dando continuidade à sua escolarização e valorizando as suas novas aprendizagens. Para a realização desta investigação, muito contaram as participações, tanto do Instituto de Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, como do Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora, EPE, que me deram acesso aos seus respectivos serviços de Pediatria, assim como permitiram o meu contacto com todos os actores envolvidos. Foi realizada uma análise qualitativa tanto da recolha bibliográfica como das comunicações recolhidas através das entrevistas realizadas e das observações efectuadas nos contextos de pesquisa. Obtive consideráveis informações que me permitiram ratificar a considerável importância e eficácia das actividades pedagógicas e educacionais no desenvolvimento da criança em situação de hospitalização, permitindo assim também amenizar esta fase menos boa da vida destas crianças. ABSTRACT; This study aims to, by way of a comparative analysis between two hospitais, describe and identify aspects that are able to prove that the school activities developed in hospitals can help to ease the suffering of hospitalized children as well as contribute to their full development. Over the last decades, the type of support given to hospitalized children has been changing due to the influence of studies conducted in the medical, human and social sciences fields. With these conceptions as a basis, perspectives have been created regarding how to provide better support to children during their stay at the hospital, clarifying and helping the professionals whose fundamental goal is the child's welfare at all levels: physical, pedagogical, social, emotional and psychological. Within the hospital walls, a classroom suited to the needs and situation of each child greatly benefits their socialization recovery through a process of inclusion, thereby permitting a continuation of the learning process. ln carrying out this research, the participation of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology and of the Évora Hospital was essential, wherein I was granted access to their pediatric services and to all the persons involved in this context. A qualitative analysis was conducted using data extracted from bibliographic research as well as from speeches gathered during interviews performed within the research framework. The substantial amount of information allows me to ratify the considerable importance and success of the pedagogic and educational activities in the development of hospitalized children, allowing, as was said before, to ease this difficult stage of children’s.