Spectroscopic properties and electronic structures of 17-electron half-sandwich ruthenium acetylide complexes, [Ru(CCAr)(L2)Cp′]+ (Ar=phenyl, p-tolyl, 1-naphthyl, 9-anthryl; L2=(PPh3)2, Cp′=Cp; L2=dppe; Cp′=Cp∗)

A series of half-sandwich bis(phosphine) ruthenium acetylide complexes [Ru(C CAr)(L-2)Cp'] (Ar = phenyl, p-tolyl, 1-naphthyl, 9-anthryl; L2 = (PPh3)(2), Cp' = Cp; L-2 = dppe; Cp' = Cp*) have been examined using electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. One-electron oxidation of these complexes gave the corresponding radical cations [Ru(C CAr)(L2)Cp'](+). Those cations based on Ru(dppe)Cp*, or which feature a para-tolyl acetylide substituent, are more chemically robust than examples featuring the Ru(PPh3)(2)Cp moiety, permitting good quality UV-Vis-NIR and IR spectroscopic data to be obtained using spectroelectrochemical methods. On the basis of TD DFT calculations, the low energy (NIR) absorption bands in the experimental electronic spectra for most of these radical cations are assigned to transitions between the beta-HOSO and beta-LUSO, both of which have appreciable metal d and ethynyl pi character. However, the large contribution from the anthryl moiety to the frontier orbitals of [Ru(C CC14H9)(L2)CP'](+) suggests compounds containing this moiety should be described as metal-stabilised anthryl radical cations.

O olhar da criança sobre a brincadeira nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

Avaliação da desadaptação das selas de próteses parciais removíveis após 1 a 5 anos de uso

The non-adaptation of the removable partial prosthesis (RPP) base to fibromucosal tissue is caused by resorption of residual ridges (RRR). The onset of bone resorption, which occurs after tooth extraction and continues throughout life, is accelerated by local or systemic factors. Aim: Assess the degree of non-adaptation of removable partial prosthesis saddles and the factors that influence it. Methodology: A sectional study was conducted with 81 patients using RPP who had their prostheses installed between 2003 and 2007 (1 to 5 years of use) at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). After anamnese and clinical examination, a cast was made with polyether-based material, using the base of the prosthesis to make the impression. The base of the saddle was loaded with the casting material and positioned in the mouth, applying pressure on the supports. After polymerization, the material was removed from the saddle and measurements were taken at 3 different points using a pachymeter. Results: The non-adaptation of the saddle increased significantly with years of use (p = 0.005). The tooth-tissue supported prostheses obtained higher mean non-adaptation values than those of tooth supported prostheses (p < 0.001). Flaccid mucosa showed the worst non-adaptation results, which were statistically different from resilient mucosa (p < 0.001). The greater the extension of the saddle, the greater the non-adaptation (p < 0.001). The natural tooth antagonistic arch yielded better results than did RPP and total prosthesis (p < 0.001). Saddle non-adaptation at the free end was less near the pillar tooth and greater in the more posterior region (p < 0.001). When adaptation of the supports to the niches was poor, greater saddle non-adaptation occurred than when it was good or fair (p < 0.001). Saddles located in the posterior region of the arch had greater non-adaptation than those in the anterior region (p = 0.023). Conclusion: The mean non-adaptation of the saddle to the residual ridges was 0.27 mm. It can be concluded that, even with the use of RPP, bone height reduction was slight within the 1-5-year period of use. The following are factors that influence adaptation of the RPP saddle base: years of use, age, force transmission path to the alveolar bone, location of the toothless area, antagonistic arch, type of mucosa, adaptation of supports to the niche and extension of the saddle

Ensino Fundamental de 9 anos: estamos preparados para implantá-lo?

A revisão da história do desenvolvimento da educação brasileira ao longo do séc. XX permite-nos observar que grande parte das alternativas implantadas com o intuito de resolver os problemas de democratização, acesso e permanência do aluno em uma escola de qualidade foram suplantadas por políticas de caráter econômico e financeiro que acabavam preterindo os aspectos pedagógicos. Com base nesta constatação, entendemos que a atual proposição de ampliação do Ensino Fundamental de 8 para 9 anos representa uma nova oportunidade para a revisão deste procedimento histórico no âmbito da sociedade brasileira. Tendo em vista que o prazo proposto para adequação de todas as escolas à lei é 2010, realizou-se uma investigação junto a 2 (dois) Núcleos Regionais de Ensino, 8 (oito) Secretarias Municipais de Educação e 12 (doze) escolas vinculadas a estes órgãos, localizadas em diferentes cidades e regiões do estado do Paraná-Brasil, com o objetivo de investigar como a referida proposta chegou às escolas, bem como de que forma as mesmas estão se preparando para este processo. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas junto a representantes dos núcleos e secretarias e também, junto aos diretores e professores das escolas. Pode-se constatar que muito pouco se sabe acerca da proposta de Implantação do Ensino Fundamental de 9 anos e que pairam muitas dúvidas e preocupações sobre se a proposta não consiste somente em mais uma mudança política e estrutural, se não significa, apenas, uma antecipação da alfabetização que poderá prejudicar as crianças. Assim sendo, parece ficar evidente a precocidade da implantação de forma ampla e generalizada, antes que sejam garantidas as condições de preparação das respectivas escolas e professores.

The expression of aquaporins 1 and 9 in adult rat epididymis is perturbed by chronic exposure to ethanol

Aquaporins (AQPs), notably AQP-1 and AQP-9, may contribute to reabsorption of fluid and solute across the epididymis. Ethanol is related to be a toxicant affecting directly or indirectly the epididymis and the sperm motility. This study examined the expression of AQP-1 and AQP-9 in adult epididymis of the UChA and UChB 10% (v/v) ethanol-preferring rats, focusing the ethanol-induced hormonal disturbances upon the regulation of these AQPs. Chronic ethanol intake significantly decreased body weight, while UChA and UChB rats displayed a marked loss of epididymal weights. Both ethanol-consuming animals had a severe reduction of testosterone levels, whereas LH and 17β-estradiol were unchanged. Throughout the epididymis, a strong reaction to AQP-1 was observed in myoid and endothelial cells of the UChB ethanol-preferring rats, differently from a moderate intensity in the initial segment of the UChA rats. In addition, AQP-9 showed a strong immunoreaction in the apical membrane of principal cells at initial segment. In cauda epididymis, the level of AQP-9 was reduced along the microvillus projections in both UChA and UChB rats compared to controls. We conclude that chronic ethanol consumption modulates the androgen levels, thereby modifying the expression pattern of AQP-1 and 9 in the epididymis. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Deciphering the synergism of endogenous glycoside hydrolase families 1 and 9 from Coptotermes gestroi

Termites can degrade up to 90% of the lignocellulose they ingest using a repertoire of endogenous and symbiotic degrading enzymes. Termites have been shown to secrete two main glycoside hydrolases, which are GH1 (EC 3.2.1.21) and GH9 (EC 3.2.1.4) members. However, the molecular mechanism for lignocellulose degradation by these enzymes remains poorly understood. The present study was conducted to understand the synergistic relationship between GH9 (CgEG1) and GH1 (CgBG1) from Coptotermes gestroi, which is considered the major urban pest of São Paulo State in Brazil. The goal of this work was to decipher the mode of operation of CgEG1 and CgBG1 through a comprehensive biochemical analysis and molecular docking studies. There was outstanding degree of synergy in degrading glucose polymers for the production of glucose as a result of the endo-β-1,4-glucosidase and exo-β-1,4-glucosidase degradation capability of CgEG1 in concert with the high catalytic performance of CgBG1, which rapidly converts the oligomers into glucose. Our data not only provide an increased comprehension regarding the synergistic mechanism of these two enzymes for cellulose saccharification but also give insight about the role of these two enzymes in termite biology, which can provide the foundation for the development of a number of important applied research topics, such as the control of termites as pests as well as the development of technologies for lignocellulose-to-bioproduct applications. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Política Educacional e o Ensino Fundamental de 9 Anos: da proposição implantação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A educação infantil no contexto da creche: um estudo sobre a educação, o cuidado da criança de zero a três anos e a formação de professores no município de Marília,SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As perspectivas dos alunos de 8º e 9º anos em relação à educação física escolar em uma escola pública

A problemática desta pesquisa gira em torno do fenômeno do crescente desinteresse e desmotivação dos alunos, em relação às aulas de Educação Física, já constatado em muitos estudos. Desse modo, o objetivo desta pesquisa é buscar compreender as perspectivas dos alunos dos 8º e 9º anos do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública, em relação à educação física escolar, nos seguintes aspectos: como avaliam as suas aulas; quais seus (des) interesses e (des) motivações diante delas; que importância atribuem à educação física; que expectativas possuem em relação a ela. Foi utilizado um questionário com questões abertas e fechadas, respondido por 81 alunos escolhidos aleatoriamente. Os resultados indicam que os alunos gostam das aulas de educação física, mas lhe atribuem menor importância diante de outras disciplinas. Também apontam para a pouca diversidade de conteúdos nas aulas de educação física e pouca atenção do professor para as estratégias de ensino que poderiam motivar mais os alunos, o que contribui para o desinteresse. Conclui-se que a motivação intrínseca às atividades da educação física não vem sendo bem aproveitada, diminuindo a contribuição da disciplina para a formação educativa dos alunos, embora o professor não possa, sozinho, ser responsabilizado por esta situação

Immunolocalization of aquaporins 1 and 9 in the ram efferent ducts and epididymis

Aquaporins (AQPs) are essential membrane protein channels for the transport of water across membranes. Fluid movement in the epididymis is important for modulation of the luminal environment, in which sperm mature and reside. This study was designed to understand the morphology and localization of AQPs in ram efferent ducts (ED) and epididymis. For this purpose, the epididymis of seven animals were removed for histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. AQP1 immunoreactivity was observed in the apex of the ED, and AQP9 was found adjacent to the nuclei of the epithelial cells of the ED. The epithelial lining of ram epididymis is pseudostratified columnar and presents principal, basal, apical and narrow cells. In the initial segment (IS), a moderate reaction for AQP1 was observed in the apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells. An intense reactivity for AQP1 was noted over the microvilli of principal cells and in spermatozoa in the caput. In the corpus and cauda, AQP1 was noted only over the endothelial cells of vascular channels located in intertubular spaces. A weak-to-moderate reaction for AQP9 was observed in the nuclei of epithelial cells in the IS, caput and corpus of the epididymis. In the cauda, an intense reaction to AQP9 was observed in the epithelial border. In the IS, caput and corpus, the reactivity for AQP9 differed from those observed in domestic animals. The cauda showed a pattern similar to that previously described. These results indicate that AQPs 1 and 9 have reversed locations and roles in rams, suggesting activity variations related with fluid and solute absorption throughout the epididymis.

Estudo clínico retrospectivo de restaurações cerâmicas do tipo laminado sobre dentes com ou sem preparo dentário: 1 a 5 anos de acompanhamento

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA