Formação em contexto, interpares e interciclos, para o ensino experimental das ciências

Este trabalho de projeto tem como objetivo explorar as possibilidades existentes, no agrupamento vertical de escolas da cidade do Entroncamento, para a conceção de um plano de formação em contexto entre professores do 1.º ciclo e docentes de ciências físicas e naturais do 3.º ciclo/secundário, na área do ensino experimental das ciências. Deste modo, a questão de partida foi: Que plano de formação contínua em contexto é possível promover, num agrupamento vertical de escolas, através de trabalho articulado entre professores do 1.º ciclo e 3.º ciclo/secundário, potenciador de um ensino experimental das ciências? Esta investigação consiste num estudo de caso (Bogdan & Biklen, 2010), de natureza essencialmente qualitativa/interpretativa, baseado na análise dos documentos orientadores do Agrupamento de Escolas Cidade do Entroncamento, em particular no que se refere à articulação vertical dos diferentes níveis e ciclos de escolaridade. Recorreu-se, ainda, a outros instrumentos de recolha de dados, como o levantamento de recursos humanos e físicos em escolas de níveis de ensino distintos, de modo a poder racionalizar e gerir eficientemente esses recursos, e também a um questionário aos docentes da escola básica selecionada, com o propósito de aferir as reais necessidades de formação para o ensino experimental das ciências dos professores do 1.º ciclo. Este projeto evidenciou que é possível implementar um trabalho articulado interpares e interciclos, assente na partilha de saberes e de experiências educativas, sendo uma mais valia o investimento em práticas colaborativas, capazes de valorizar o ensino experimental das ciências. Por outro lado, salientou-se a necessidade de reforçar a capacidade pedagógica dos estabelecimentos de ensino que integram o agrupamento de escolas em estudo e o aproveitamento racional dos seus recursos, para que se possa caminhar no sentido de uma formação contínua contextualizada, que contribua para o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores e consequentemente para uma melhoria dos níveis de literacia científica de todos.

Nurses’ and patients’ communication in smoking cessation at nurse-led COPD clinics in primary health care

Background: Smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have high nicotine dependence making it difficult to quit smoking. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a method that is used in stimulating motivation and behavioral changes. Objective: To describe smoking cessation communication between patients and registered nurses trained in MI in COPD nurse-led clinics in Swedish primary health care. Methods: A prospective observational study with structured quantitative content analyses of the communication between six nurses with basic education in MI and 13 patients in non-smoking consultations. Results: Only to a small extent did nurses’ evoke patients’ reasons for change, stimulate collaboration, and support patients’ autonomy. Nurses provided information, asked closed questions, and made simple reflections. Patients’ communicationwasmainly neutral and focusing on reasons for and against smoking. It was uncommon for patients to be committed and take steps toward smoking cessation. Conclusion: The nurses did not adhere to the principles of MI in smoking cessation, and the patients focused to a limited extent on how to quit smoking. Practice implications: To make patients more active, the nurses need more education and continuous training in motivational communication.

Medindo valor em comunidades de prática: caso multicurso

Communities of Practice are groups of people who share a concern, problem or passion about a topic, and who deepen their knowledge and expertise by interacting regularly. It¿s use as a tool for planning and implementation of programs for continuous training of teachers in Brazil is not widespread, but used occasionally. This dissertation seeks to demonstrate the use of the communities of practice theory in continuous teachers training in the Brazilian reality. It presents some models of continuous formation currently in process in Brazil, points to the principles of knowledge management taken by this work, presents the communities of practice theory and the criticism of this in its theoretical part. For the case study was used the methodology described by Robert Yin (2005) of single case study to examine the Multicurso, program to continuously train math teachers in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The community of practice formed in this program was examined on its form, as to the cultivation of communities of practice, as to the development and about the challenges of geographical distribution. Going beyond, this work has as its main objective to propose a methodology for measuring the value of communities of practice from the case studied, without the intention to make generalizations about the measurement of value in projects of various kinds. The model proposed indicators separated into two categories, the outcome and impact, to facilitate the measurement of value and prevent that communities of practice are to be criticized or super estimated by assignment of value to those without the unequivocal proof of unique causality at the same time it searchs to attest that the contribution of communities of practice in improvements in the systems in which the CoP are in.

Desenvolvimento das competências técnicas dos peritos documentoscópio da Polícia Federal

A Documentoscopia é a maior área de perícia da Criminalística da PF, respondendo por 24,49% de toda a produção de laudos do Sistema Nacional de Criminalística. Apesar disso, não possui área de concurso ou graduação específicas, e o desenvolvimento das competências da área depende quase que exclusivamente da capacitação oferecida e executada internamente, dentro da instituição e do ambiente de trabalho. Considerando os planejamentos estratégicos da Direção Geral e da Diretoria Técnico-Científica da PF, que manifestaram a importância da valorização de seus servidores por meio da capacitação contínua e da gestão de competências como estratégia para se alcançar suas missões, vê-se a relevância no adequado estudo e desenvolvimento das competências na área da perícia documentoscópica. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar se as competências técnicas dos peritos documentoscópico da Polícia Federal elencadas na matriz da função técnica da PF estão em consonância com as elencadas pela ONU para os examinadores forenses de documentos, e se essas competências estão sendo desenvolvidas nas ações de capacitação oferecidas pela ANP voltadas para a área. Foram identificadas algumas lacunas, ou seja, recomendações da ONU que encontram correspondência nas elencadas na matriz, mas não são desenvolvidas pelas ações de capacitação, além da discrepância quanto à carga horária dos cursos. Algumas sugestões para a minimização ou eliminação dessas lacunas foram colocadas, e outras considerações foram feitas, principalmente voltadas à maior oferta de capacitação, à especialização profissional, à instituição de testes de proficiência e da mentoria.

Nas asas de Ícaro: uma análise da Pedagogia Freinet do 2º ao 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental na perspectiva da ação docente continuada

Célestin Freinet was one of the most memorable educators of the twentieth century. He presented some educational alternatives that had the objective of stimulating the construction of pedagogic actions to promote the social development of the student based upon a work centered on the free expression as the way to self-structure the knowledge. With a permanent proposal of research based on the enquiry-based learning, Freinet set human capacity (cognitive, social-affective, psychometrical) taking cooperation in consideration on the processes of knowledge construction. Based on this referential, this present work has the objective to show Freinet s pedagogy in a continuous teaching action from 2nd to 5th grade focusing the teacher s discourse and also the educative practice of the students of a city public school in Natal. The observed work revealed the teacher s discourse and educative experience and delineated the students development while immersed into Freinet s educational practice. By virtue of the nature and specificity of the theme that guided our research, we chose a qualitative approach to it, as a way of conducting ourselves during our investigative process. We observed and analyzed the method that was used to conduct the activities in the classroom, as well as the ways of expression that the children used through drawings, words (oral text), or through writing. We highlight, among the written texts, the individual and collective texts, and also letters and notes, which during some moments served as a base to express a diversity of languages. The results, after a analyzing the research data, point towards a teaching practice that favors the construction of a significant learning process through the grasping of the school environment, on which all these factors are based: society, knowledge acquisition, abilities, attitudes and values. This learning process also strengthens human solidarity bonds and mutual tolerance, on which the student s social life is seated.

Narrativa autobiográfica como prática de formação e de atualização de si : os grupos referência e o grupo reflexivo na mediação da constituição identitária docente

The thesis: "autobiographical narrative as practical continuous training and updating of itself: the groups-reference and the reflexive group in the mediation of identity construction of teaching" begins in the founder matter: "What are the implications of groups-reference in the process of identity formation and the teaching role of teachers which is participating of the research? This object of study deals with the continuing education of teachers of Basic Education and the role of the reflective group as space-time of (re) construction of educational knowledge, for the recognition of yourself. The thesis defends that the autobiographical narrative, as a pedagogical tool and research, for the initial and continuous training, is presented as theoretical and methodological foundation necessary for identity formation of the teacher. The research is limited to the qualitative approach with a focus on the autobiographical narrative. The participants are six teachers, three teachers and three students-teachers. The corpus comprises six autobiographical narratives, six reports of successful experiences, two studies on the biographical work, and six individual testimonials about the impact in personal and professional life. The data analysis was to reference Dausien and Alheit (2006), Bruner (1997), Contreras (2002), Delory-Momberger (2007), Freire (2005), Giddens (2002), Josso (2004), new (1988, 2002), Passeggi (2001, 2002), Pineau (2004), Ricoeur (2004), Souza (2006), Tardif (2002) and Vygotsky (2005). The research revealed that the formation of identity as a teachers of the educators occurred in the reference group, involving the formal, non-formal and informal of the processes of knowledge , in a movement of alternation training that includes yourself, the other and the ambient. Also revealed that the pedagogical choices of the teachers studied aimed at minimizing educational gaps that were lived in both field personal and social; that the personal identity is configured as an identity narrative and the methodology of the biographical work, through the mimesis of continuing education, provided the passage from the group reflective to the group of reference

Trilhas da inclusão escolar percorridas por uma aluna com paralisia cerebral na EJA: concepções e práticas

On this qualitative study, it has been discussed the school inclusion paths done by a student with cerebral palsy, who we call Liz, and who was also the reference and indirect subject for this study. For the representation of landscapes found, it follows throughout historical, political and pedagogical paths, getting through the case study method references on the current Brazilian educational context, analyzing, which concepts are attributed to the inclusion and which practices are developed by educational managers and teachers in a regular school of the City of Natal/RN. The theory which based this research is supported on Vygotsky's central ideas (1991, 1997, 2004) and his followers. Furthermore, it was essential to bring to this investigative journey a literature which could dialogue with the most relevant aspects of the cultural-historical approach, emphasizing the assumptions of a progressive education tendency, which promotes the subject involvement of his/her work in the world and for the world. This way, it was necessary to seek for theoretical support on assistive technology and on alternative communication, in order to show the importance of establishing other communications, which is, to break away from the conventional pattern established by the school. On this journey it was used procedures for the data construction, such as: observation, conducting semistructured interviews and questionnaires; and document analysis that supported and legitimized the inclusion, besides the permanent field diaries record. On the access paths to this landscape it entered in the Youth and Adults Education (Educação de Jovens e Adultos - EJA), seeking to establish a dialogue among Youth and Adult Education and Special Education. It was verified that, still, there are large gaps in these policies articulation. Among the results obtained it was raised discussions on new scenery, in which Youth and Adults Education (EJA) emerges as prominent mode of the established relationships throughout the school inclusion process. There were target reflections on: the planning and evaluation systematic, the pedagogical articulation among the Youth and Adults Education (EJA) teachers and the multifunctional resource room teacher's actions and the continuous training importance of the educators involved. It was considered, therefore, that the necessary mediations for school inclusion may be sustained if the walkers are involved in a permanent contact with the nature of a proposal from the Special Education inclusive perspective

Prática do enfermeiro do Programa Saúde da Família PSF na promoção da saúde do adolescente

Attention to the health of adolescents, based on paradigm flexneriano, needs to be overcome. Since the International Conference of Ottawa (1986), the literature is developing a discussion of the promotion of health, based on the paradigm of social production in health, suggests a design to overcome the health care traditional practices. Program Health of the Family PSF has this purpose to transmute the model of existing assistance, where the nurse is an essential element to the work done in the program. Around this context, it is our purpose to analyze the practice of nurse of the PSF for the promotion of health of adolescents, produced by a search of descriptive quantitative approach with the inclusion of qualitative data. Interviews were conducted with 9 nurses 3 units of health of the family USF, Mossoró-RN and applied questionnaires with 74 teenagers aged between 15 and 19 years old, with some nearby public schools where USF operate these nurses. The quantitative descriptions were transformed on tables, pictures and graphics using the program Excel (Microsoft) and the qualitative were worked through the technique of analyzing the content of Bardin (2004). The review was realized using the reference to promote health brought by the study. The results show that the most common problems that happen with teenagers are the drugs (33,8%), pregnancy (27,0%) and political problems-socio-economic-cultural issues (24,3%). Adolescents are spontaneous demand and rarely seek the USF. The actions presented by the nurses as, lectures and groups, are nothing comparing to the macro-problems presented by adolescents, and verticalized irregular. The nurses know the promotion of health generally, not explaining how operate it from its daily practice. Concluded that the practice of nurse of the PSF has not yet reach the promotion of health of the adolescent, being necessary to scheduling modules on the subject to continuous training of teams, professionals from USF, as well as teachers and other staff of schools, giving space to the participation of academic. The discussions should be socialized with the community to discuss possibilities of confrontation of the problems, which also require socio-structural changes. This research can contribute as work-diagnosis, which experienced the reality of care in nursing PSF to a specific group

Inclusão da criança com deficiência na estratégia de saúde da família

The objective of analyze the shift of the working process of the ESF team in care of children with disabilities, from awareness-raising actions. It is a qualitative study, with the action-research method. Thirteen health professionals were involved from two teams of ESF unit area of the Unidade de Saúde da Família Dr. Chico Porto (UBSFCP) in Mossoró, from March to August 2011. Data were analyzed following the direction of freirean s thematic analysis. In the situational diagnosis of the current reality of CwD assistance in that UBSFCP, through participant observation and application of semi-structured interviews with professionals, we realize that despite these actions carry some assistance to the CwD, in practice few are used for inclusion and accessibility. The monitoring of the CwD is done through individual consultations by each team professional, home visits when possible, both ruled on the complaints and problems, with little solving in the used actions. Since the need for a change in the treatment model and training requirements as pointed out by professionals in the interview, then we decided to build the proposed of training suggested by the multidisciplinary team and put together collectively the achievement of this moment in all its phases. In the step of implementation (action), aspects related to the current situation in Brazil and Mossoró (Laws, policies and health care) for the CwD and CwD Assistance and their family in the ESF in the first two moments of the first training (action) were contemplate. On the second day we discussed the specialized care to CwD, contribution of the Handicapped Parents and Friends Association of Mossoró and in a second moment a workshop was held in which awareness for inclusion of CwD and actions of ESF were discussed. All these moments were discussed and collectively constructed. In the evaluation, we found that implementation (action) allowed to the professional the comprehension of new understandings about people with disabilities, on ways to include, guiding, caring, watching, and mainly to have a new vision on health assistance of the CwD, expanding assistance beyond clinical aspects and recognizing the educational aspects of the rights and duties of citizens and the inclusion of these children in the social spaces area. As difficulties, we face the need for some professionals to be absent to attend another job, solve personal problems, and little or no participation. Thus, during this action-research, the subjects were able to realize the importance of carrying out their practice to the quality of life for him and to the one they care

Electric load forecasting using a fuzzy ART&ARTMAP neural network

This work presents a neural network based on the ART architecture ( adaptive resonance theory), named fuzzy ART& ARTMAP neural network, applied to the electric load-forecasting problem. The neural networks based on the ARTarchitecture have two fundamental characteristics that are extremely important for the network performance ( stability and plasticity), which allow the implementation of continuous training. The fuzzy ART& ARTMAP neural network aims to reduce the imprecision of the forecasting results by a mechanism that separate the analog and binary data, processing them separately. Therefore, this represents a reduction on the processing time and improved quality of the results, when compared to the Back-Propagation neural network, and better to the classical forecasting techniques (ARIMA of Box and Jenkins methods). Finished the training, the fuzzy ART& ARTMAP neural network is capable to forecast electrical loads 24 h in advance. To validate the methodology, data from a Brazilian electric company is used. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Saúde do trabalhador na atenção básica: análise a partir de uma experiência municipal

Este texto apresenta um relato da experiência de implantação de ações de saúde do trabalhador nos serviços de atenção básica no município de Amparo, no estado de São Paulo, ocorrida durante a gestão do período 2001 a 2008, visando contribuir na premente necessidade do SUS de implantação das ações de saúde do trabalhador. A análise realizada pelas autoras, protagonistas na gestão do processo, ressalta alguns dos elementos-chave para a efetiva implantação de ações de saúde do trabalhador na rede de atenção básica. Dentre eles, a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), ao lado de outros elementos - como o modelo de matriciamento com ação pedagógica contínua e participação nos colegiados de gestão, a educação permanente e o protagonismo dos trabalhadores da saúde -, mostrou-se um facilitador do processo. Como elementos estruturantes da construção efetivada, apontam-se o modelo de gestão colegiada adotado pela secretaria e a forma de implantação do Centro de Referência de Saúde do Trabalhador no município. Todo esse arranjo promoveu uma interlocução permanente entre as equipes de saúde, da atenção básica e da referência especializada que foi indispensável para a experiência ocorrida.

Effects of 2 or 5 consecutive exercise days on adipocyte area and lipid parameters in Wistar rats

Background: Exercise has been prescribed in the treatment and control of dyslipidemias and cholesterolemia, however, lipid responses to different training frequencies in hypercholesterolemic men have been inconsistent. We sought to verify if different frequencies of continuous moderate exercise (2 or 5 days/week, swimming) can, after 8 weeks, promote adaptations in adipocyte area and lipid parameters, as well as body weight and relative weight of tissues in normo and hypercholesterolemic adult male rats.Methods: Normal cholesterol chow diet or cholesterol-rich diet (1% cholesterol plus 0.25% cholic acid) were freely given during 8 weeks to the rats divided in 6 experimentals groups: sedentary normal cholesterol chow diet (C); sedentary cholesterol-rich diet (H); 5x per week continuous training normal cholesterol chow diet (TC5) and cholesterol-rich diet (TH5); 2x per week continuos traning normal cholesterol chow diet (TC2) and cholesterol-rich diet (TH2).Results: No changes were observed in lipid profile in normal cholesterol chow diet, but both 2 a 5 days/week exercise improved this profile in cholesterol-rich diet. Body weight gain was lower in exercised rats. Decrease in retroperitoneal and epididymal relative weights as well as reductions in adipocyte areas under all diets types were observed only in 5 days/week, while 2 days/week showed improvements mainly in cholesterol-rich diet rats.Conclusion: Our results confirm the importance of exercise protocols to control dyslipidemias and obesity in rats. The effects of 5 days/week exercise were more pronounced compared with those of 2 consecutive days/week training.

Formulação do controle preventivo em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica baseada na lógica fuzzy e redes neurais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Prática pedagógica com alunos surdos: sala de recursos e classe comum

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Necessidades formativas dos professores do ciclo I do Ensino Fundamental de Presidente Prudente - SP

Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT