Characterization of Recombinant Rhamnogalacturonan α-l-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1,4)-α-d-Galactopyranosyluronide Lyase from Aspergillus aculeatus1 : An Enzyme That Fragments Rhamnogalacturonan I Regions of Pectin

The four major oligomeric reaction products from saponified modified hairy regions (MHR-S) from apple, produced by recombinant rhamnogalacturonan (RG) α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1,4)-α-d-galactopyranosyluronide lyase (rRG-lyase) from Aspergillus aculeatus, were isolated and characterized by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. They contain an alternating RG backbone with a degree of polymerization of 4, 6, 8, and 10 and with an α-Δ-(4,5)-unsaturated d-galactopyranosyluronic acid at the nonreducing end and an l-rhamnopyranose at the reducing end. l-Rhamnopyranose units are substituted at C-4 with β-galactose. The maximum reaction rate of rRG-lyase toward MHR-S at pH 6.0 and 31°C was 28 units mg−1. rRG-lyase and RG-hydrolase cleave the same alternating RG I subunit in MHR. Both of these enzymes fragment MHR by a multiple attack mechanism. The catalytic efficiency of rRG-lyase for MHR increases with decreasing degree of acetylation. Removal of arabinose side chains improves the action of rRG-lyase toward MHR-S. In contrast, removal of galactose side chains decreased the catalytic efficiency of rRG-lyase. Native RG-lyase was purified from A. aculeatus, characterized, and found to be similar to the rRG-lyase expressed in Aspergillus oryzae.

La Région Méditerranéenne en 2020 et son Rôle dans le Réseau Energétjgue Européen, Vol. I: Analyse de la demande d'energie dans les PSEM (Horizons 2000-2010-2020)= The Mediterranean region in 2020 and its Role in the European Energy Network, Vol. I: Analysis of the energy demand in the SEMC (Horizons 2000-2010-2020).

None.

Test facility inventory for the U.S. Department of Transportation. Final report. Volume III of VI. D-I.

National Highway Safety Bureau, Washington, D.C.

D. Pedro I e o grito da independencia.

I. Cartas de Pedro I á amante.--II. Cartas de Pedro I ao pae.--III. Cartas ao povo (proclamações).--IV. Decretos.--V. Representacões.--VI. O grito do Ipiranga.

1815 la première restauration, le retour de l'île d'Elbe, les cent jour.

Mode of access: Internet.

The history of Rome,

[I] The first eight books, literally translated, with notes and illustrations by D. Spillan. 1854.--[II] Books nine to twenty-six, literally translated, with notes and illustrations, by D. Spillan and Cyrus Edmonds. 1856.--[III] Books twenty-seven to thirty-six, literally translated, with notes and illustrations, by Cyrus Edmonds. 1850.--[IV] Books thirty-seven to the end, with the epitomes and fragments of the lost books, literally translated by William A. M'Devitte. 1850.

The life of Marguerite d'Angouleme, Queen of Navarre, Duchesse d'Alencon and de Berry, sister of Francis I., King of France : From numerous unpublished sources, including MS. documents in the Bibliotheque Imperiale, and the Archives du Royaume de France, and also the private correspondence of Queen Marguerite with Francis I., & c.

Mode of access: Internet.

Observations ... sur le grand événement du mariage de s.m. l'empereur des François, avec s.a.i. madame l'archiduchesse Marie Louise d'Autriche.

Translated from Archiv für Geographie, Historie, Staats- und Kriegskunst, Vienna, 1810.

Itinéraire de Buonaparte de l'île d'Elbe à l'île Sainte-Hélène, ou, Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des événemens de 1815 : avec le recueil des principales pièces officielles de cette époque /

Mode of access: Internet.

The romance of the Emperor Octavian; now first published from MSS. at Lincoln and Cambridge.

Mode of access: Internet.

In morte di s.m.i.r.a.Francesco Primo, imperatore d'Austria, re di Ungheria, Boemia, Lombardia e Venezia, arciduca d'Austria ecc.; orazione letta all'Ateneo di Treviso.

Mode of access: Internet.

Orazione funebre per le solenni esequie di S.M. Francesco I. imperadore di Austria, detta in Vienna il d�� 28 marzo 1835 nella chiesa nazionale italiana.

Mode of access: Internet.