Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by TiO2-Cu thin films: Theoretical and experimental study

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Corrosion protection of fluorzirconate glasses coated by a layer of surface modified tin oxide nanoparticles

The protection efficiency against water corrosion of fluorozirconate glass, ZBLAN, dip-coated by nanocrystalline tin oxide film containing the organic molecule Tiron�� was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The chemical bonding structure of the surface region and morphology were studied before and after two water exposure periods of 5 and 30 min. The results of the analysis for the as-grown sample revealed a SnO1.6 phase containing carbon and sulfur, related to Tiron��, and traces of elements related to ZBLAN (Zr, F, Ba). This fact and the clear evidence of the presence of tin oxifluoride specie (SnOxF y) indicates a diffusion of the glass components into the porous coating. After water exposure, the increase of the oxygen concentration accompanied by a strong increase of Zr, F, Ba and Na content is interpreted as filling of the nanopores of the film by glass compounds. The formation of a compact protective layer is supported by the morphological changes observed by AFM. �� 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Tribocorrosion behaviour of anodic treated titanium surfaces intended for dental implants

Tribocorrosion plays an important role in the lifetime of metallic implants. Once implanted, biomaterials are subjected to micro-movements in aggressive biological fluids. Titanium is widely used as an implant material because it spontaneously forms a compact and protective nanometric thick oxide layer, mainly TiO2, in ambient air. That layer provides good corrosion resistance, and very low toxicity, but its low wear resistance is a concern. In this work, an anodizing treatment was performed on commercial pure titanium to form a homogeneous thick oxide surface layer in order to provide bioactivity and improve the biological, chemical and mechanical properties. Anodizing was performed in an electrolyte containing ��-glycerophosphate and calcium acetate. The influence of the calcium acetate content on the tribocorrosion behaviour of the anodized material was studied. The concentration of calcium acetate in the electrolyte was found to largely affect the crystallographic structure of the resulting oxide layer. Better tribocorrosion behaviour was noticed on increasing the calcium acetate concentration. �� 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Estudo das condi����es de coagula����o/flogula����o para remo����o do catalisador TiO2 do meio reacional ap��s fotodegrada����o da carga org��nica

P��s-gradua����o em Ci��ncia e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

C��lula solar de SnO2/TiO2 preparada por spray - pir��lise ativada com corante org��nico

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Estrutura eletr��nica e propriedades el��tricas fotoinduzidas em filmes finos de SnO2 com dopagem de Sb, e forma����o de heteroestruturas com TiO2

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Otimiza����o do processo de deposi����o de filmes TiO2:Mn usando RF magnetron sputtering

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Characterization and application of nanostructured films containing Au and TiO2 nanoparticles supported in bacterial cellulose

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Investigation of photoinduced electrical properties in the heterojunction TiO2/SnO2

TiO2/SnO2 thin films heterostructures were grown by the sol-gel dip-coating technique. It was found that the crystalline structure of TiO2 depends on the annealing temperature and the substrate type. TiO2 films deposited on glass substrate, submitted to thermal annealing until 550 degrees C, present anatase structure, whereas films deposited on quartz substrate transform to rutile structure when thermally annealed at 1100 degrees C. When structured as rutile, this oxide semiconductor has very close lattice parameters to those of SnO2, making easier the heterostructure assembling. The electrical properties of TiO2/SnO2 heterostructure were evaluated as function of temperature and excitation with different light sources. The temperature dependence of conductivity is dominated by a deep level with energy coincident with the second ionization level of oxygen vacancies in SnO2, suggesting the dominant role of the most external layer material (SnO2) to the electrical transport properties. The fourth harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser line (4.65 eV) seems to excite the most external layer whereas a InGaN LED (2.75 eV) seems to excite electrons from the ground state of a quantized interfacial channel as well as intrabandgap states of the TiO2 layer.

Wettability behavior of nanotubular TiO2 intended for biomedical applications

Nanotubes have been subject of studies with regard to their ability to promote differentiation of several cells lines. Nanotubes have been used to increase the roughness of the implant surfaces and to improve bone tissue integration on dental implant. In this study TiO2 nanotube layer prepared by anodic oxidation was evaluated. Nanotube formation was carried out using Glycerol-H2O DI(50-50 v/v)+NH4F(0,5 a 1,5% and 10-30V) for 1-3 hours at 37��C. After nanostructure formation the topography of surface was observed using field-emission-scanning-microscope (FE-SEM). Contact angle was evaluated on the anodized and non-anodized surfaces using a water contact angle goniometer in sessile drop mode with 5 ��L drops. In the case of nanotube formation and no treatment surface were presented 39,1�� and 75,9��, respectively. The contact angle describing the wettability of the surface is enhanced, more hydrophilic, on the nanotube surfaces, which can be advantageous for enhancing protein adsorption and cell adhesion.

Photoconduction action spectra of regio-regular poly(3-hexylthiopene):TiO2 diodes

The development of polymer-based photovoltaic devices brings the promise of low-cost and lightweight solar energy conversion systems. This technology requires new materials and device architectures with enhanced efficiency and lifetime, which depends on the understanding of charge-transport mechanisms. Organic films combined with electronegative nanoparticles may form systems with efficient dissociation of the photogenerated excitons, thus increasing the number of carriers to be collected by the electrodes. In this paper we investigate the steady-state photoconductive action spectra of devices formed by a bilayer of regio-regular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (RRP3HT) and TiO2 sandwiched between ITO and aluminum electrodes (ITO/TiO2:RRP3HT/Al). Photocurrents were measured for distinct bias voltages with illumination from either side of the device. Heterojunction structures were prepared by spin coating a RRP3HT film on an already deposited TiO2 layer on ITO. Symbatic and antibatic curves were obtained and a model for photocurrent action spectra was able to fit the symbatic responses. The quantum yield increased with the electric field, indicating that exciton dissociation is a field-assisted process as in an Onsager mechanism. Furthermore, the quantum yield was significantly higher when illumination was carried out through the ITO electrode onto which the TiO2 layer was deposited, as the highly electronegative TiO2 nanoparticles were efficient in exciton dissociation.

Approccio colloidale per la preparazione di fotocatalizzatori nanostrutturati a base di TiO2

Oggigiorno si osserva a livello mondiale un continuo aumento dei consumi di acqua per uso domestico, agricolo ed industriale che dopo l���impiego viene scaricata nei corpi idrici (laghi, fiumi, torrenti, bacini, ecc) con caratteristiche chimico fisiche ed organolettiche completamente alterate, necessitando cos�� di specifici trattamenti di depurazione. Ricerche relative a metodi di controllo della qualit�� dell���acqua e, soprattutto, a sistemi di purificazione rappresentano pertanto un problema di enorme importanza. I trattamenti tradizionali si sono dimostrati efficienti, ma sono metodi che operano normalmente trasferendo l���inquinante dalla fase acquosa contaminata ad un���altra fase, richiedendo perci�� ulteriori processi di depurazione. Recentemente �� stata dimostrata l���efficacia di sistemi nano strutturati come TiO2-Fe3O4 ottenuto via sol-gel, nella foto-catalisi di alcuni sistemi organici. Questo lavoro di tesi �� rivolto alla sintesi e caratterizzazione di un catalizzatore nanostrutturato composito costituito da un core di Fe3O4 rivestito da un guscio di TiO2 separate da un interstrato inerte di SiO2, da utilizzare nella foto-catalisi di sistemi organici per la depurazione delle acque utilizzando un metodo di sintesi alternativo che prevede un ���approccio��� di tipo colloidale. Partendo da sospensioni colloidali dei diversi ossidi, presenti in commercio, si �� condotta la fase di deposizione layer by layer via spray drying, sfruttando le diverse cariche superficiali dei reagenti. Questo nuovo procedimento permette di abbattere i costi, diminuire i tempi di lavoro ed evitare possibili alterazioni delle propriet�� catalitiche della titania, risultando pertanto adatto ad una possibile applicazione su scala industriale. Tale sistema composito consente di coniugare le propriet�� foto-catalitiche dell���ossido di titanio con le propriet�� magnetiche degli ossidi di ferro permettendo il recupero del catalizzatore a fine processo. Il foto-catalizzatore �� stato caratterizzato durante tutte la fasi di preparazione tramite microscopia SEM e TEM, XRF, Acusizer, spettroscopia Raman e misure magnetiche. L���attivit�� foto-calitica �� stata valutata con test preliminari utilizzando una molecola target tipo il rosso di metile in fase acquosa. I risultati ottenuti hanno dimostrato che il sistema core-shell presenta inalterate sia le propriet�� magnetiche che quelle foto-catalitiche tipiche dei reagenti.

Processi di deposizione di blocking layers di TiO2 per Dye - Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)

Le Dye ��� Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) sono attualmente considerate tra le alternative pi�� promettenti al fotovoltaico tradizionale. I ridotti costi di produzione e l���elevata versatilit�� di utilizzo rappresentano i punti di forza di questi dispositivi innovativi. Ad oggi la ricerca �� concentrata prevalentemente sull���incremento delle prestazioni delle DSSC, ottenibile solamente attraverso un miglioramento delle funzioni dei singoli componenti e dell���interazione sinergica tra questi. Tra i componenti, ha recentemente assunto particolare interesse il blocking layer (BL), costituito generalmente da un film sottile di TiO2 depositato sulla superficie dell���anodo (FTO) e in grado di ottimizzare i fenomeni all���interfaccia FTO/TiO2/elettrolita. Nel corso di questo lavoro di tesi si �� rivolta l���attenzione prevalentemente sulle caratteristiche del BLs (ad esempio propriet�� morfologico ��� strutturali) cercando di mettere in correlazione il processo di deposizione con le caratteristiche finali del film ottenuto. A questo scopo �� stato ottimizzato un processo di deposizione dei film via spin coating, a partire da soluzioni acquosa o alcolica di precursore (TiCl4). I film ottenuti sono stati confrontati con quelli depositati tramite un processo di dip coating riportato in letteratura. I BLs sono stati quindi caratterizzati tramite microscopia (SEM ��� AFM), spettrofotometria (UV.- Vis) e misure elettrochimiche (CV ��� EIS). I risultati ottenuti hanno messo in evidenza come i rivestimenti ottenuti da soluzione acquosa di precursore, indipendentemente dalla tecnica di deposizione utilizzata (spin coating o dip coating) diano origine a film disomogenei e scarsamente riproducibili, pertanto non idonei per l���applicazione nelle DSSC. Viceversa, i BLs ottenuti via spin coating dalla soluzione alcolica di TiCl4 sono risultati riproducibili, omogenei, e uniformemente distribuiti sulla superficie di FTO. Infine, l���analisi EIS ha in particolare evidenziato un effettivo aumento della resistenza al trasferimento di carica tra elettrodo FTO ed elettrolita in presenza di questi BLs, fenomeno generalmente associato ad un efficace blocking effect.

Chemistry of particles from the Toba ash layer

Two cores from the southern South China Sea contain discrete ash layers that mainly consist of rhyolithic glass shards. On the basis of the SPECMAP time scale, the ash layers were dated to ca. 74 ka, the age of the youngest Toba eruption in northern Sumatra. This link is supported by the chemical composition of the glass, which is distinct from volcanic glass supplied from the Philippines and the northern South China Sea, but is almost identical with the chemistry of the Toba ash. The youngest Toba ash layers in the South China Sea expand the previously known ash-fall zone over more than 1800 km to the east. The dispersal of ashes from Sumatra in both western and eastern directions indicates two contrasting wind directions and suggests that (1) the Toba eruption probably happened during the Southeast Asian summer monsoon season, and (2) the volume of erupted magma was larger than previously interpreted.

Ash layer characteristics and major element oxide content of glasses from ODP Sites 162-982 and 162-985

The Cenozoic volcanic activity on Iceland has been recorded in North Atlantic sediments drilled during several Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)/Deep Sea Drilling Project legs (Legs 104, 151, 152, 162, and 163). Leg 162 (North Atlantic-Arctic Gateways II) recovered ash layers at Sites 982, 985, and 907 (Jansen, Raymo, Blum, et al., 1996, doi:10.2973/odp.proc.ir.162.1996). The revisited Site 907 was first drilled during Leg 151, and the ash from this site has been described in detail by Lacasse et al. (1996, doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.151.122.1996) and Werner et al. (1996, doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.151.123.1996). Site 982 is located within the Hatton-Rockall Basin on the Rockall Plateau, which is situated west of the British Isles. Site 985 is located northeast of Iceland at the foot of the eastern slope of the Iceland Plateau, adjacent to the Norwegian Basin. Here we report chemical analyses of Neogene tephra layers from Holes 982A, 983B, 982C, 985A, and 985B. The sedimentary sequence at Site 982 spans the lower Miocene-Holocene; Site 985 recovered sediments spanning the upper Oligocene-Holocene. Twenty-two distinct ash layers and ash-bearing sediments were sampled in Holes 982A-982C (Cores 162-982A-16H through 24H, 162-982B-14H through 56X, and 162-982C-15H through 27H), and 59 ash layers were sampled in Holes 985A and 985B (Cores 162-985A-11H through 59X, and 162-985B-11H through 14H). Almost 50% of the sampled ash is strongly altered (predominantly from Site 985). A cluster of altered thin layers in the lower Pliocene of Site 985 (top of Unit III) is remarkable.