Social media in emergency management:Twitter as a tool for communicating risks to the public

One of the main challenges of emergency management lies in communicating risks to the public. On some occasions, risk communicators might seek to increase awareness over emerging risks, while on others the aim might be to avoid escalation of public reactions. Social media accounts offer an opportunity to rapidly distribute critical information and in doing so to mitigate the impact of emergencies by influencing public reactions. This article draws on theories of risk and emergency communication in order to consider the impact of Twitter as a tool for communicating risks to the public. We analyse 10,020 Twitter messages posted by the official accounts of UK local government authorities (councils) in the context of two major emergencies: the heavy snow of December 2010 and the riots of August 2011. Twitter was used in a variety of ways to communicate and manage associated risks including messages to provide official updates, encourage protective behaviour, increase awareness and guide public attention to mitigating actions. We discuss the importance of social media as means of increasing confidence in emergency management institutions.

The Impact of Senate File 169 on Meth Abuse in Iowa A Report to the Legislature by Drug Policy, January 17, 2006

This report is respectfully submitted in satisfaction of the following Senate File 169 requirement, as approved by the 2005 Iowa Legislature: “The Drug Policy Coordinator shall report, in a joint meeting, to the Committee on Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on Public Safety of the House of Representatives in January 2006 and in January 2007, the effects of this Act on methamphetamine abuse and related criminal activity.” (*Please note that all data contained in this document are preliminary, based on the most recent information available to the Governor’s Office of Drug Control Policy.)

The Congo Slave State : a protest against the new African slavery ; and an appeal to the public of Great Britain, of the United States, and of the Continent of Europe

by Edmund D. Morel

The emancipation of India. A reply to the article by the Right Hon. Viscount Morley, O.M., on "British democracy and Indian government" in the "Nineteenth century and after" for February, 1911.

Portrait on cover.

Communication to the Joint Standing Committee on the Harbor. /

In printed paper wrapper.

Report to the President by the Emergency Board appointed June 15, 1950, pursuant to section 10 of the Railway Labor Act, to investigate an unadjusted dispute between the Boston & Albany Railroad Company and certain of its employees represented by the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. NMB Case No. A-3392. Boston, Mass., July 6, 1950. No. 86.

Mode of access: Internet.

Report to the President by the Emergency Board appointed February 4, 1950, by Executive order 10105, pursuant to Section 10 of the Railway Labor Act, as amended : to investigate and report in respect to a dispute between the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Company, a carrier, and certain of its employees represented by the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen (NMB case A-3065), Denver, Colorado, February 28, 1950.

Signed: Robert G. Simmons, chairman, Robert O. Boyd, member, Harold R. Korey, member.

Report to the President by the Emergency Board ... to investigate and report in respect to the dispute between the Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway Co., Chicago & North Western Railway, Great Northern Railway, Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway, and certain of their employees as represented by the Brotherhood of Railway and Steamship Clerks, Freight Handlers, Express, and Station Employees.

Cover title.

Report to the President by the Emergency Board created June 23, 1948 by Executive order 9971 pursuant to Section 10 of the Railway Labor Act : to investigate and report upon a dispute between the Grand Trunk Western Railroad Co., Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Co., Wabash Railroad and the Ann Arbor Railroad Co. and certain of its employees represented by the National Maritime Union of America, N.M.B. cases A-2801, A-2802, A-2803, A-2804, Detroit, Michigan, July 20, 1948.

Signed: Robert G. Simmons, chairman, Thomas F. Gallagher, member, Joseph L. Miller, member.

Report to the President by the Emergency Board appointed September 15, 1949, by Executive order 10078, pursuant to Section 10 of the Railway Labor Act, as amended : to investigate an unadjusted dispute between the Monongahela Connecting Railroad Company and certain of its employees represented by the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, a labor organization (N.M.B. no. A-3220), Pittsburgh, Pa., October 7, 1949.

Signed: Harry H. Schwartz, chairman, Francis J. Robertson, member, Andrew Jackson, member.

L'Arlésienne. [music] : incidental music to the melodrama by Alphonse Daudet /

Mode of access: Internet.

An appeal to the public, stating and considering the objections to the Quebec bill.

Errata--p.[59].

Highway safety grant program achieves limited success. Supplement to the report by the Comptroller General of the United States.

Mode of access: Internet.

Report to the President by the Emergency Board appointed February 8, 1945 under the provisions of the Railway Labor Act : to investigate and report in respect to the dispute between the Central of Georgia Railway Company and certain of its employees represented by the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. February 24, 1945.

Signed: H. Nathan Swaim, chairman, Ridgley P. Melvin, Russell Wolfe.