Análise comparativa de alguns sistemas dinâmicos clássicos e quânticos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Densidade de energia e força de radiação sobre fronteiras em movimento para estados arbitrários do campo: aplicação ao estado coerente

No presente trabalho foi considerado um campo escalar real não massivo em um espaço-tempo bidimensional, satisfazendo à condição de fronteira Dirichlet ou Neumann na posição instantânea de uma fronteira em movimento. Para uma lei de movimento relativística, foi mostrado que as condiçõoes de fronteira Dirichlet e Neumann produzem a mesma força de radiação sobre um espelho em movimento quando o estado inicial do campo é invariante sobre translações temporais. Obtemos as fórmulas exatas para a densidade de energia do campo e da força de radiação na fronteira para os estados de vácuo, coerente e comprimido. No limite não-relativistico, os resultados obtidos coincidem com os encontrados na literatura. Também foi investigado o campo dentro de uma cavidade oscilante. Considerando as condiçõoes de fronteira Neumann e Dirichlet, escreveu-se a fórmulas exata para a densidade de energia dentro de uma cavidade não-estática, para um estado inicial arbitrário do campo. Tomando como base a equação de Moore, nós calculamos recursivamente a densidade de energia e investigamos a evolução temporal da densidade de energia para o estado coerente do campo.

Densidade de energia e força de radiação sobre fronteiras em movimento num espaço-tempo bidimensional

No presente trabalho, nós investigamos a densidade de energia e a força de reação a radiação quântica sobre uma fronteira em movimento que impõem ao campo escalar, sem massa, condições de contorno de Dirichlet ou Neumann. Apesar de assumirmos um particular movimento para fronteira, introduzido por Walker e Davies muitos anos atrás (J. Phys. A, 15 L477, 1982), consideramos novas possibilidades para o estado inicial do campo, entre as quais, estados térmicos e coerentes. Nós investigamos, também, o problema de uma cavidade com uma das fronteiras no particular movimento proposto por Walker e Davies, levando em conta o estado de vácuo, térmico e coerente como estados iniciais do campo. Finalmente, investigamos o caso de uma fronteira não estática que impõem condições de contorno de Robin ao campo.

Spin coherence generation in negatively charged self-assembled (In,Ga)As quantum dots by pumping excited trion states

Spin coherence generation in an ensemble of negatively charged (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots was investigated by picosecond time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy measuring ellipticity. Robust coherence of the ground-state electron spins is generated by pumping excited charged exciton (trion) states. The phase of the coherent state, as evidenced by the spin ensemble precession about an external magnetic field, varies relative to spin coherence generation resonant with the ground state. The phase variation depends on the pump photon energy. It is determined by (a) pumping dominantly either singlet or triplet excited states, leading to a phase inversion, and (b) the subsequent carrier relaxation into the ground states. From the dependence of the precession phase and the measured g factors, information about the quantum dot shell splitting and the exchange energy splitting between triplet and singlet states can be extracted in the ensemble.

Exciton beats in GaAs quantum wells: bosonic representation and collective effects

We discuss light–heavy hole beats observed in transient optical experiments in GaAs quantum wells in terms of a free-boson coherent state model. This approach is compared with descriptions based on few-level representations. Results lead to an interpretation of the beats as due to classical electromagnetic interference. The boson picture correctly describes photon excitation of extended states and accounts for experiments involving coherent control of the exciton density and Rayleigh scattering beating.

Creation of maximally entangled photon-number states using optical fiber multiports

We theoretically demonstrate a method for producing the maximally path-entangled state (1/root2)(\N,0>+exp[iNphi]\0,N>) using intensity-symmetric multiport beam splitters, single photon inputs, and either photon-counting postselection or conditional measurement. The use of postselection enables successful implementation with non-unit efficiency detectors. We also demonstrate how to make the same state more conveniently by replacing one of the single photon inputs by a coherent state.

Quantum cryptography without switching

We propose a new coherent state quantum key distribution protocol that eliminates the need to randomly switch between measurement bases. This protocol provides significantly higher secret key rates with increased bandwidths than previous schemes that only make single quadrature measurements. It also offers the further advantage of simplicity compared to all previous protocols which, to date, have relied on switching.

Hybrid squeezing of solitonic resonant radiation in photonic crystal fibers

We report the existence of a kind of squeezing in photonic crystal fibers which is conceptually intermediate between four-wave-mixing-induced squeezing in which all the participant waves are monochromatic waves, and self-phase-modulation-induced squeezing for a single pulse in a coherent state. This hybrid squeezing occurs when an arbitrary short soliton emits quasimonochromatic resonant radiation near a zero-group-velocity-dispersion point of the fiber. Photons around the resonant frequency become strongly correlated due to the presence of the classical soliton, and a reduction of the quantum noise below the shot-noise level is predicted. © 2011 American Physical Society.

Tomographic readout of an opto-mechanical interferometer

The quantum state of light changes its nature when being reflected off a mechanical oscillator due to the latter's susceptibility to radiation pressure. As a result, a coherent state can transform into a squeezed state and can get entangled with the motion of the oscillator. Full information of the state of light can only be gathered by a tomographic measurement. Here we demonstrate a tomographic interferometer readout by measuring arbitrary quadratures of the light field exiting a Michelson-Sagnac interferometer that contains a thermally excited high-quality silicon nitride membrane. A readout noise of 1.9 x 10(-16) mHz(-1/2) around the membrane's fundamental oscillation mode at 133 kHz has been achieved, going below the peak value of the standard quantum limit by a factor of 8.2 (9 dB). The readout noise was entirely dominated by shot noise in a rather broad frequency range around the mechanical resonance.

Highly coherent solid-state quantum bit from a pair of quantum dots

In this letter, we propose a scheme to buildup a highly coherent solid-state quantum bit (qubit) from two coupled quantum dots. Quantum information is stored in the state of the electron-hole pair with the electron and hole located in different dots, and universal quantum gates involving any pair of qubits are realized by effective coupling interaction via virtually exchanging cavity photons. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.