Factores asociados a la conducta alimentaria en preadolescentes

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n. Resumen tambi??n en ingl??s

Life histories of music service histories, the past in inductees' present

This article discusses inductee music service teachers (to 25 years of age). It explores how their lives, as perceived, shape current identities in teaching and result in several career problems. Respondents were drawn from a comprehensive life history study of 28 Local Education Authority employees. Of this larger cohort, four were age 25 years and below, and the remaining 24 teachers made retrospective comments. Data were collected and analysed between October 2002 and March 2004. Principal findings suggest that schooling failed to address these educators' needs as musical learners; key childhood experiences were external of schools. This often resulted in an idealistic trajectory, in teenage years, towards an occupation as a performer. An occupation in music education was entirely disregarded. Consequently, inductees now consider training experiences an inappropriate platform for their professional lives. Managing group teaching and children's behaviour engenders considerable anxiety. Music service work is also deemed a transient state of affairs. There are implications for training, retention and professional development.

The impact of obesity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms on appetite and energy intake: a pilot study

An increasing number of studies have reported a heritable component for the regulation of energy intake and eating behaviour, although the individual polymorphisms and their ‘effect size’ are not fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between specific SNP and appetite responses and energy intake in overweight men. In a randomised cross-over trial, forty overweight men (age 32 (sd 09) years; BMI 27 (sd 2) kg/m2) attended four sessions 1 week apart and received three isoenergetic and isovolumetric servings of dairy snacks or water (control) in random order. Appetite ratings were determined using visual analogue scales and energy intake at an ad libitum lunch was assessed 90 min after the dairy snacks. Individuals were genotyped for SNP in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR) genes and a variant near the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) locus. The postprandial fullness rating over the full experiment following intake of the different snacks was 17·2 % (P= 0·026) lower in A carriers compared with TT homozygotes for rs9939609 (FTO, dominant) and 18·6 % (P= 0·020) lower in G carriers compared with AA homozygotes for rs7799039 (LEP, dominant). These observations indicate that FTO and LEP polymorphisms are related to the variation in the feeling of fullness and may play a role in the regulation of food intake. Further studies are required to confirm these initial observations and investigate the ‘penetrance’ of these genotypes in additional population subgroups.

SUFENTANIL INTRANASAL COME MEDICACAO PRE-ANESTESICA EM CRIANCAS

Background and objectives: Among the different routes used for the administration of preoperative medication, the intranasal route offers the advantage of a rapid systemic absorption as well as the avoidance of painful intramuscular and intravenous injections. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of sufentanil as a preoperative medication for the reduction of anxiety in pediatric patients in addition to its effects on the children's behaviour during the induction of anesthesia. Methods - Thirty patients whose ages ranged from 1 to 9 years old, physical status ASA 1, submitted to elective surgeries participated in the study and received sufentanil (2 μg.kg-1) by the intranasal route as preoperative medication. Using the modified Doughty index, the anxiety level was evaluated at 3 moments: To upon arrival of the child with parents: T5 and T10, five and ten minutes after the administration of the drug respectively. Behaviour during the induction of anesthesia was also evaluated. Induction of anesthesia was performed thiopental or ketamine. Results - The level of anxiety was not lower ten minutes after the administration of sufentanil and no improvement in the quality of the anesthetic induction was observed. Conclusions - Intranasal sufentanil in the doses used in this study did not prove to be efficient in the reduction of the anxiety level nor did it improve the quality of the induction of anesthesia when the period between the drug administration and separation from the parents was only ten minutes.

Uma proposta de inovação no cardápio escolar baseada na avaliação do programa de alimentação escolar de Piracicaba-SP

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Comportamento alimentar, estado nutricional e imagem corporal de estudantes de Nutrição: aspectos psicossociais e percurso pedagógico

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Effect of the Various Degrees of Stress on Childrens Art Expression Through Drawings

One of the aims of this project was to understand the way in which external environment or situation affects children's behaviour. Emotional experiences are developed and acquired under the influence of the environment, and a good family relationship is necessary for young people to grow, develop and socialise at all ages. Stress causes specific negative emotions, including concern, anxiety, sorrow and hostility. A pathologic environment in childhood forces the development of special abilities, both creative and destructive, It supports the development of an abnormal state of mind in which the usual relations between body and mind, reality and imagination, knowledge and memory are changed. Here the environment considered was that of the war and aggression in Bosnia & Herzegovina, where children, particularly those from Podrinje, witnessed arrests, killing, deforming and slaughtering of adults and children, in many cases members of their immediate families. Sehovic analysed the content of drawings by children exposed to various degrees of stress, to discover how these indicate various degrees of stress with the aim of using these as a projective technique in diagnostic work with children. The sample included around 600 children expelled from their homes, of both sexes aged between 6 and 12.

The Influence of the Social and Cultural Environment on a Child's Playing in the First Three Years of Life

The research focused on children's behaviour in playing with objects both independently and in interaction with adults. It was based on studies of 40 Slovene children in 4 age groups (6,12,18 and 24 months) and of 23 Croatian children in 2 age groups (18 and 24 months). All the children were sampled proportionally by their gender and the educational level of their parents (middle and higher). Several coding check lists with satisfactory internal consistency were constructed during the study and used to analyse the video-recorded playing sessions with each child. The basic conclusion reached was that even in early childhood playing behaviour differs significantly between the infants from the two Central European countries. The difference lies not so much in the structure or the content of the playing actions, but in the way in which the infants deal playfully with the objects. This difference appears regardless of the type of object the infants are playing with and even regardless of the playing condition. It can best be described as the difference between the first significant discriminant function activity versus passivity. The Slovene infants were found to be on the active pole and the Croatians on the passive one. Social and gender differences were much less significant than cultural ones in determining the structure, the content and the way of playing. Significant age differences appeared in all three aspects, which was consistent with general trends in infants' psychological development. The group define the Slovene interactive playing style as object oriented, while the Croatian one was largely communicated oriented. Within the experimenter-infant dyads, children of both cultures played at a developmentally more advanced level than they did with their mothers, showing that the mothers were not as successful at reaching the ZPD as were the trained experimenters. In addition, the children of mothers who attributed more cognitive benefit to play played on a more advanced level than those whose mothers attributed more emotional benefit to play. The quality of the object the children were playing with was also significantly related to the structure, content and partly the way of dealing with the objects. Highly-structured objects stimulated complex play and low-structured ones stimulated simple play, regardless of playing conditions. The group concluded that both culture and the quality of the available object have an important impact on young children's play. Through the playing interaction, the infants internalise culturally specific patterns of behaviour and culturally specific meanings. These internalisations become apparent very early in their lives, even in non-social situations. On the other hand, the objects themselves have an impact on the level of infants' play. When they do not provide sufficient perceptive and functional support for a representational action, the infants' play will lag behind their actual developmental capacities.

Fatores determinantes do comportamento infantil na consulta de Medicina Dentária da Unidade de Saúde da Ilha Terceira

O medo e a ansiedade dentária são importantes fatores condicionantes do tratamento dentário. Ao interferirem na condição psicológica do paciente, condicionam o seu comportamento na consulta e a atitude que apresentam em relação aos cuidados de saúde oral. Os pacientes ansiosos, medrosos ou fóbicos adiam a consulta de medicina dentária, evitam os tratamentos e só recorrem ao médico dentista quando surgem os sintomas dolorosos. Este adiar dos procedimentos dentários resultará num agravamento dos problemas de saúde oral, e em maiores necessidades de tratamento, tratamento esse que será mais intensivo, mais invasivo e potencialmente mais traumático, levando a um reforço do medo e da ansiedade dentária já existente. As crianças, pela menor maturidade psico-emocional têm menor capacidade de lidar com as suas emoções perante diversos acontecimentos, nomeadamente, em contexto médico-dentário. Tornam-se assim mais suscetíveis ao desenvolvimento de medo e ansiedade dentária, e exibindo, com alguma frequência, comportamentos negativos na consulta, que dificultam a adequada prestação de cuidados de saúde oral. Existem ainda outros fatores etiológicos predisponentes e desencadeantes de ansiedade dentária na criança e que condicionam o seu comportamento na consulta (idade, género, faixa etária, número de consultas anteriores, entre outros). Objetivo: Neste trabalho pretendeu-se avaliar os fatores determinantes do comportamento infantil na consulta de medicina dentária da Unidade de Saúde da Ilha Terceira, em crianças com idades entre os 4 e os 16 anos. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo observacional transversal onde se pretendeu avaliar a ansiedade dentária da criança antes da consulta dentária através da Facial Image Scale (FIS); avaliar a ansiedade dentária dos acompanhantes através da. Corah Dental Anxiety Scale, Revised (DAS-R). e o comportamento das crianças durante o tratamento dentário usando a Escala de Frankl. O estudo decorreu de 30 de Abril a 8 de Maio na Unidade de Saúde da Ilha Terceira, Região Autónoma dos Açores, tendo sido observadas 53 crianças de idades compreendidas entre os 4 e os 16 anos. Resultados: Numa amostra de 53 crianças, verificou-se que 11,3% das crianças apresentavam ansiedade dentária antes da consulta dentária, que os pais eram mais ansiosos que as crianças, 49,1% apresentavam ansiedade dentária e que a percentagem de crianças com um comportamento negativo durante a consulta médico-dentária foi muito baixa, correspondendo a 1,9%. Verificou-se que a ansiedade dentária parental não interfere com a ansiedade dentária da criança, quando comparadas, ao contrário do que alguns estudos sugerem. Não houve relação entre a ansiedade dentária da criança e o género, idade, número de vezes que veio ao médico dentista ou estatuto social. Conclusão: Neste estudo pôde-se concluir que as crianças que frequentaram a consulta de medicina dentária da Unidade de Saúde da Ilha Terceira entre 30 de Abril a 8 de Maio apresentaram baixa prevalência de ansiedade dentária e elevada prevalência de comportamento positivo na consulta. Já os seus pais ou acompanhantes apresentaram uma prevalência de ansiedade dentária parental elevada. Conhecer os fatores que condicionam o comportamento infantil na consulta dentária como a ansiedade dentária da criança e a ansiedade dentária parental e medi-los antes da consulta poderá ajudar a equipa dentária na abordagem comportamental da criança durante os tratamentos dentários. Envolver a comunidade escolar e a população infantil em ações de promoção da saúde oral, promovendo rastreios dos problemas orais nas escolas, e consultas dentárias de acompanhamento logo desde muito jovens, poderá ter um efeito benéfico na diminuição da ansiedade dentária nas crianças e no desenvolvimento de comportamentos positivos nas consultas.

Différences liées à la récompense alimentaire, au statut pondéral et aux comportements alimentaires chez la femme

Ce mémoire présente mon projet de maîtrise dont l’objectif était d’étudier les associations entre la récompense alimentaire à l’égard des aliments riches en gras et en sucres, le statut pondéral et les comportements alimentaires. Cent cinquante femmes de poids normal ou obèses ont été invitées à compléter deux questionnaires : un sur la récompense alimentaire (plaisir explicite, motivation explicite et motivation implicite) et l’autre sur les comportements alimentaires [restriction cognitive (totale, flexible et rigide), désinhibition (totale, habituelle, émotionnelle et situationnelle) et susceptibilité à la faim (totale, interne et externe)]. Aucune association n’a été observée entre la récompense alimentaire et le statut pondéral. Toutefois, un plaisir et une motivation explicites plus importants pour les aliments en général ont été notés chez les femmes avec un score plus élevé de restriction flexible. De plus, une motivation implicite plus importante pour les aliments riches en gras tendait à être associée avec un score plus élevé de susceptibilité émotionnelle à la désinhibition et a été associée significativement avec un score plus élevé de faim externe. Ces résultats suggèrent que les comportements alimentaires ont une plus grande influence sur la récompense alimentaire que le statut pondéral.

The impact of event sponsorship on children’s brand image and purchase intentions: The mediator effects of product involvement and brand familiarity

Field lab in marketing: Children consumer behaviour

Nutritional guide for a modern woman: a strategy for health education

"In the present article, we introduce a Health Education instrument that stems from a refection on the lay knowledge, salutogenic habits and daily nutritional practices of modern women in our current society. We developed a guide aimed at modern women, where the different food groups and food hygiene and safety measures are addressed. The guide includes eleven original pictograms that help the reader to locate and look up specific issues. The guide employs the label reading and interpretation principles, following the nutrition traffic-light internationally instituted, for it renders scientific information on nutrition clear and accessible to the general population. We believe that using this guide as a central strategy in health promotion will lead its users to adopt essential changes in their eating patterns and, in so doing, contribute to prevent diseases associated to bad eating habits. We also emphasize the role of mass media in spreading the conveyed information."

A description of adaptive and maladaptive behaviour in children and adolescents with Cri-du-chat syndrome

Background Psychological tests can be useful to record adaptive and maladaptive behaviours of children with intellectual disability. The objective of this study was to describe the adaptive and maladaptive behaviour of children and adolescents with Cri-du-chat syndrome. Methods The sample consisted of 10 children and adolescents with Cri-du-chat syndrome (mean chronological age = 11.3 years, mean mental age = 18 months). The developmental quotient was calculated through the Psychoeducational Profile - Revised. An observational protocol was used to record adaptive and maladaptive behaviours. Results The number of maladaptive behaviours observed was different among participants. However, all of them had high rates of adaptive behaviours, such as rule-following. Conclusions These results, though preliminary, justify that we continue to think about the need for psychoeducational interventions aimed at stimulating the repertoire of adaptive behaviours, in people with Cri-du-chat syndrome.

How to promote healthy eating habits in children

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics