Mercados laborales en entornos de conflictos armados: un análisis empírico para Colombia

Históricamente se ha reconocido que los conflictos internos afectan de manera directa variables a nivel individual como la salud de las personas, los niveles de escolaridad y el desplazamiento forzoso de los afectados. Sin embargo, solo hasta la última década las investigaciones académicas se han inclinado en documentar y cuantificar rigurosamente los efectos colaterales de la violencia sobre las condiciones de vida de los individuos. La presente investigación estudia cómo la exposición al conflicto en Colombia ha afectado las decisiones en términos de mercado laboral de las personas. La estrategia de identificación internaliza los reconocidos problemas de endogeneidad del conflicto con variables de actividad y desarrollo económico y presenta resultados robustos a fenómenos de migración interna y desplazamiento. En términos de participación laboral y desempleo, se encuentran efectos heterogéneos a nivel de género como respuestas a la violencia experimentada. En particular, la probabilidad de participación laboral de las mujeres se incremente como consecuencia de la exposición al conflicto, mientras que la de desempleo disminuye. Para los hombres, los resultados muestran una menor probabilidad de participación, efecto contrario al de las mujeres, y un efecto análogo en términos de desempleo. La investigación no encuentra efectos diferenciales en términos de informalidad laboral.

The representation of fathers by children of depressed mothers: refining the meaning of parentification in high-risk samples

Background: Children’s representations of mothers in doll-play are associated with child adjustment. Despite the importance of fathers for children’s adjustment, especially in the context of maternal psychopathology, few studies have considered children’s representations of their fathers. Method: We examined the portrayal of fathers by 5-year-old children of depressed (N = 55) and non-depressed (N = 39) mothers in a doll-play procedure concerning family experience. Results: Children gave equal prominence in their play to mothers and fathers. Representations of fathers were unrelated to maternal mood, but were associated with parental conflict. Representations of child care for the father that was unreciprocated predicted poor child adjustment in school, but only in children exposed to maternal postnatal depression. Conclusions: It may be clinically useful to consider children’s distinctive representations of their mother and father; but the concept of parentification in relation to risk and resilience effects requires refinement.

Art, pain, children: utopian and dystopian discourses in picture books

It is often assumed that picture books are intended for young children and that they are therefore mainly concerned with safe and reassuring stories, say, about home and family, friends and starting school. There are many picture books which fit within this category, but the form itself, a 32-page format which developed during the 1960s from illustrated books, has always been peculiarly open to experimentation and has enlarged its audience to include older children and adults. Unlike the novel, the picture book is not weighed down by the practices and conventions of the past; and the combination of verbal and visual texts makes for a particularly complex genre as it constructs ideas through dialogical relations between words and pictures.

Metacarpophalangeal pattern profile in Marfan syndrome and Marfan-like patients

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant trait due to mutations in the fibrillin gene (FBN1). The MFS expressivity is variable, and its diagnosis relies completely on clinical criteria. Atypical cases and Marfan- like (marfanoid) clinical presentations are commonly found. The metacarpophalangeal pattern profile (MCPP), a radiological method in which the 19 tubular hand bones are assessed, has been used in the diagnosis of various syndromes. To investigate whether the MCPP was adequate to discriminate between MFS and Marfan-like subjects, we studied 38 patients who were referred to our service because they had an MFS diagnosis, diagnostic hypothesis, or differential diagnosis or had arachnodactyly with dolichostenomelia. Two groups were formed: 1) MFS: 21 patients with a mean age of 18.3 (10.8 S.D.) years and 2) Marfan-like syndromes: 16 patients who did not meet the current criteria, with a mean age of 14.6 (4.6 S.D.) years. The MCPP was performed in each case following the classical technique, and a characteristic mean profile was obtained for group I (MFS), with Z scores ranging from 0.69 to 2.73 (1.80 ± 0.50; mean ± S.D.). In group I, three cases had no correlation with the typical MFS pattern. In group II, three cases had an MFS pattern. The correlation with the mean MCPP of MFS permitted the differential diagnosis of MFS and marfanoid syndromes with 86% sensitivity, 81% specificity, and 86% positive and 81% negative predictive values. The results suggest that MCPP can be used effectively as an auxiliary tool in the nosology of these conditions and, because there is no change in MCPP with age, can be helpful in early diagnosis.

Edema agudo de pulmão de pressão negativa como complicação grave de síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono em crianças. Relatos de casos

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is related to cardiopulmonary complications in children. It is important to know its patophysiology and possible complications to help reduce risks in this group. Aims: To report three cases of severe cardiorespiratory complications of obstructive sleep apnea managed in the intensive care unit (ICU). Case report: Two children with no previous diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome suffered acute congestive heart failure and acute lung oedema with need of ICU and improved after adenotonsillectomy. In a third case, the patient had acute lung oedema as a complication after adenotonsillectomy. Conclusions: Paediatricians and otolaryngologists must be aware of the clinical manifestations of severe sleep apnea. Early referring to treatment and special attention at pre and post surgical periods are essentials to avoid serious complications.

Nucleotide and phylogenetic analysis of human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 isolated from recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in Brazil

There are few studies about the distribution of natural molecular variants of low-risk HPVs. Our aim was to evaluate the E6 early gene variability among HPV-6 and HPV-11 isolates detected in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) samples obtained in a cohort of Brazilian patients. We also performed a phylogenetic analysis in order to compare nucleotide sequences identified in our study with previously reported isolates from different anatomic sites (laryngeal papillomas, genital warts, cervical cancer and anal swabs) obtained from other parts of the world to determine the phylogenetic relationships of variants detected in Brazil. The complete coding region of the E6 gene of 25 samples was cloned and sequenced: 18 isolates of HPV-6 (72%) and 7 isolates of HPV-11 (28%). A total of four different HPV-6 genomic variants and two HPV-11 genomic variants was identified. It was not possible to correlate specific variants with disease severity. Phylogenetic trees for both HPV types were constructed enclosing both E6 sequences detected in our study and formerly published sequences. In both phylogenetic trees, the sequences from Brazil did not group together. We could not establish a geographical association between HPV-6 or HPV-11 variants, unlike HPV-16 and HPV-18. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Contribuições da psicologia histórico-cultural para a educação escolar de crianças de 0 a 6 anos: desenvolvimento infantil e ensino em Vigotski, Leontiev e Elkonin

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O processo de pontuação e estruturação do gênero narrativo escrito por crianças de 1.º e 2.º anos do ensino fundamental

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Orientação e mobilidade: estudo sobre equilíbrio e estratégias de locomoção utilizadas pelo professor

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

A inclusão escolar de crianças com paralisia cerebral: a relação das características dos cuidadores familiares implicadas neste processo

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Memórias (in)visíveis: narrativas de velhos sobre suas infâncias em Belém do Pará (1900 - 1950)

Esta pesquisa investiga a infância na cidade de Belém do Pará, na primeira metade do século passado (1900 1950). A intenção é entender a realidade de crianças que viveram em uma época marcada por grandes transformações em nível econômico, político, social e cultural. A cidade de Belém vive, à época, um dos momentos mais prósperos de sua história, devido à grande produção da borracha que representava, até o final do século XIX, um dos maiores produtos de comercialização e exportação do país.Desta forma, o estudo procurou entender o contexto histórico, especialmente, na primeira metade do século XX. O apogeu da borracha levou a cidade a um surpreendente desenvolvimento, chegando a ser comparada às grandes cidades da Europa. Porém, todo o projeto modernizador executado na cidade traz conseqüências e contradições, que agravados pelo declínio da economia da borracha favoreceu, consideravelmente, as diferenças entre a elite emergente, que usufrui de todas as regalias oferecidas na cidade, e a classe menos favorecida que é colocada à margem de todo o processo. Dentro de todo esse cenário, encontra-se a criança que começa a ser vista como sujeito de direitos, no entanto, pouco se faz para que seus direitos sejam garantidos. Para entender a infância nesse período foram utilizadas narrativas de velhos que foram selecionados de acordo com os seguintes critérios: ter idade a partir de 80 anos; ter vivido a infância na cidade de Belém; ter condições físicas e psicológicas para lembrar e narrar sua infância. As narrativas foram determinantes para entender, por exemplo, aspectos da composição familiar que, naquele momento, eram marcados pelo respeito, pela obediência e, sobretudo, pela imposição; a relação da criança com o espaço público; a chegada da criança à escola para estudar, mesmo com todas as dificuldades impostas por um sistema que se encontrava em formação; as alternativas de lazer encontradas pelas crianças; as políticas de assistência à criança desamparada; entre outros. Além de autores que discutem e realizam pesquisa no âmbito da história oral como: Thompson, Alberti, Bosi, Vidal, dialogamos com outros da área da infância como: Kramer, Tozoni-Reis, Demartini, Rizzini, Ariès, e, também na área da historiografia e história da Amazônia como: Sarges, Figueiredo, Salles, Mendes, entre outros. Finalmente, a pesquisa privilegiou as narrativas que, em constante diálogo com os referenciais teóricos, foram o fio condutor da construção da história da infância na cidade de Belém.

Relações na escola da infância: perspectivas teóricas e didático-pedagógicas

This article portrays pathways and studies, arising from research already completed on relationships that constitute the process of appropriation-objectification of the world of human culture by the child at the School for Children, under the gaze of Historical-Cultural Approach. The studies had been configured in accord with a theoretical look that understands the relations as propeller of the humanization process and the child as capable to learn since very small. Initially, there is deepening of theoretical issues concerning the regularities of human development between three and six years old, based on the propositions of the Historical-Cultural Approach. Subsequently, it presents results of the routes methodological that integrated observation sessions of educational practice in schools in early childhood education, involving the relationship between children, adults and objects, as well as sessions of designs and semi-structured interviews with the children. These results show the resulting analysis of the pedagogical implications of the propositions of the HistoricalCultural Approach about the humanization process, mediation and activity.

Infância, família e escola: análise dos significados da Infância e dos Direitos da Criança

This study aimed at analyzing the meanings of Children and Child Rights awarded by the kindergarten children and their educators, parents and teacher. Interest in the subject arose from the participation of the University Extension Project, conducted at the Department of Education, UNESP, Bauru, called The Rights of the Child: ECA in school. Since then, the question arose: to what extent we have visibility of meanings that educators and the child has on the Rights of the Child relating to the specifics of childhood? The research followed the tenets of qualitative research, methodological procedures and adopting the observation in a classroom from kindergarten (K II), semi-structured interview through leisure moments, with the class of aged five years and a questionnaire for family and teacher. The research adopted as reference material, studies of the area of Sociology of Childhood, History of Childhood, Public Policy, Legislation Related to the theme, and an overview of psychogenic to talk about the morality of children. The results showed that parents and caregivers understand childhood as a stage of child development, marked by jokes and fancies, in which the family and the school has an important role in this process. In what concerns the children's rights, there are contradictions in the legal aspects and the situation of children today. The results showed that children's childhood is characterized by recreational activities, and adults are responsible for caring for them. And it comes on the Rights of the Child noted that there is a confusion between rights and duties because they are in a phase of moral heteronomy. The findings indicate the need for wide dissemination on the Statute of Children and Adolescents, especially in preschools in line with families to practice it a new look at childhood, conceiving children as subjects... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

As relações interpessoais e a ludicidade no contexto do 1º ano do ensino fundamental

The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of playfulness and interpersonal relationships at school. The methodology of the study was divided into three phases: the first phase was a survey and analysis of studies in the field of childhood playfulness and interpersonal relationships, from a reference from a multidisciplinary reference, supported in the areas of Educational Psychology and history and sociology of childhood and the second was the realization of an empirical study in a classroom of 1st year of elementary school, in which we use as instruments the use of participant observation, semistructured interviews with six selected students and collected school records and the third phase focused on analysis of data from a qualitative perspective with dialogues between literature in the area and data analysis. Among the main directions of study have the following problematizations: school world not adapted in order to enroll in elementary school, lack of playfulness, interpersonal relations in this context. By analyzing this information and the main results we have the advancement of education in the new environment where playfulness, as the jokes were not taken during the year by the teacher, but remained present in the actions of children, highlighting also the symbolism and sets of rules. Interpersonal relationships were present at all times, between being a friend, share and discuss, through the interactions. Therefore, we consider that there are still challenges to deal with this new child who enters school as it relates to your mood, the play, study or friendship

A corporeidade infantil edificada por tempos e espaços escolares

This paper has as its theme the relationship between child corporeity and school culture. The purpose is thus to discuss the school culture, in its dimensions to school times and spaces and to reflect on the influence of these dimensions in the construction of children corporeity who attending primary and the first grade of nine year elementary school.