滩海过渡带地震资料拼接处理方法研究

The technology of seismic acquirement has been more and more intact in both land area and marine area, however, since the acquirement equipment can not handle the tasks in this both two kinds of prospects at the same time, it is very hard to acquire in the prospect of seashore area, and also the quality of the raw data is poor, the related work in seashore area has been a tough task. With the development of the level of exploration, acquired equipment and technology, a certain series of processing methods has been built up, which enhanced the resolving power, the ratio of signal to noise and the quality of imaging, these methods could meet most of the requirements of exploration and the development. What is more, more and more nowadays prospects are composed by two or more 3D sub-prospect, the differences between frequencies, energy levels and the ratios of signal to noise are definitely obvious, we can not perform finely construct analysis and interpretation of reservoir without solving these problems in matching different raw data. As for the prospect that composed by both seashore and marine ones, through the analysis on the characteristics on frequency, amplitude, polarity and multiples of land prospect and marine prospect, the methods on how to eliminate those differences mentioned above were researched, and this paper gives a series of methods includes the computing of matching factor, recognizing of time difference, recognizing of phase difference, matching frequency, collapsing of abnormal energy, frequency compensating and so on, to fulfill the attenuations of energy difference, frequency difference, time difference and phase difference, and what is more, improve the innovative methods: includes the quantities method to synthetically and automatically recognize time difference and phase difference on the basis of signal match technology and according to statistic rule. And distinct the differences on phase and frequency characteristics of received raw data between velocity seismometer and piezoelectricity seismometer, and deduces that there are 90 degrees gap between data from these two seismometers, thirdly, synthetically apply zone abnormal frequency processing, surface consistent abnormal frequency compensate, residual abnormal frequency compensate, stack time equilibrium and optimize the processing seis-flow, deal with the would-be problems, such as low signal and noise rate, low resolution, poor imaging and poor state of consistent. Gain excellent effect in Da-gang oil field.

奇异性分析方法及其在储层预测中的应用研究

In research field of oil geophysical prospecting, reservoir prediction is refers to forecasting physical properties of petroleum reservoir by using data of seismic and well logging, it is a research which can guide oil field development. Singularities of seismic and logging data are caused by the heterogeneity of reservoir physical property. It's one of important methods that using singularity characteristics of seismic and logging data to study the reservoir physical property in recently. Among them, realization of reservoir quantitative prediction by analyzing singularity of the data and enhancing transition description of data is difficulty in method research. Based on wavelet transform and the fractal theory, the paper studied the singularity judgment criterion for seismic and logging data, not only analyzed quantitative relation between singularity data and reservoir physical property, but also applied it in practical reservoir prediction. The main achievements are: 1. A new method which provides singular points and their strength information estimation at only one single scale is proposed by Herrmann (1999). Based on that, the dissertation proposed modified algorithm which realized singularity polarity detection. 2. The dissertation introduced onset function to generalize the traditional geologic boundaries variations model which used singularity characteristics to represent the abruptness of the lithologic velocity transition. We show that singularity analysis reveals generic singularity information conducted from velocity or acoustic impedance to seismogram based on the convolution seismic-model theory. Theory and applications indicated that singularity information calculated from seismic data was a natural attribute for delineating stratigraphy boundaries due to its excellent ability in detecting detailed geologic features. We demonstrated that singularity analysis was a powerful tool to delineate stratigraphy boundaries and inverse acoustic impedance and velocity. 3. The geologic significances of logging data singularity information were also presented. According to our analysis, the positions of singularities indicate the sequence stratigraphic boundary, and there is subtle relationship between the singularity strength and sedimentary environment, meanwhile the singularity polarity used to recognize stratigraphic base-level cycle. Based on all those above, a new method which provided sedimentary cycle analysis based on the singularity information of logging data in multiple scales was proposed in this dissertation. This method provided a quantitative tool for judging interface of stratum sequence and achieved good results in the actual application.

陕北桥镇油田延长组长2、长1油层组沉积相及储层研究

The Ordos Basin is a large-scale craton superimposed basin locating on the west of the North China platform, which was the hotspot of interior basin exploration and development. Qiaozhen oil field located in the Ganquan region of south-central of Ordos Basin. The paper is based on the existing research data, combined with the new theory and progress of the sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, reservoir sedimentology, petroleum geology, etc, and analyzes systematically the sedimentary and reservoir characteristics in the chang2 and chang1 oil-bearing strata group of Yanchang formation On the basis of stratigraphic classification and comparison study, the strata chang2 and chang1 were divided into five intervals. Appling the method of cartography with single factor and dominance aspect, we have drawn contour line map of sand thickness, contour line map of ratio between sand thickness and stratum thickness. We discussed distribution characteristics of reservoir sand body and evolution of sedimentary facies and microfacies. And combining the field type section , lithologic characteristics, sedimentary structures, the sedimentary facies of single oil well and particle size analysis and according to the features of different sequence, the study area was divided into one sedimentary facies、three parfacies and ten microfacies. The author chew over the characteristics of every facies, parfacies and microfacies and spatial and temporal distribution. Comprehensive research on petrologic characteristics of reservoir , diagenesis types, pore types, distribution of sand bodies, physical properties, oiliness, reservoir heterogeneities, characteristics of interlayer, eventually research on synthetic classifying evaluation of reservoir.The reservoir is classified four types: Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ and pore type, fracture-porosity type. Take reservoir's average thickness, porosity, permeability, oil saturation and shale content as parameters, by using clustering analysis and discriminant analysis, the reservoir is classified three groups. Based on the evaluation, synthetizing the reservoir quality, the sealing ability of cap rock, trap types, reservoir-forming model ,in order to analyze the disciplinarian of accumulation oil&gas. Ultimately, many favorable zones were examined for chang23，chang223，chang222，chang221，chang212，chang12，chang11 intervals. There are twenty two favorable zones in the research area. Meanwhile deploy the next disposition scheme.

复杂断块油气藏成藏机理和剩余油预测

Complex fault block reservoir is very important type in chinese oilfield.The reservoir have for many years and it has been the important issue of oil-gas exploration and development in china that how to increase reserves and production. Therefore,taking the Pucheng-oil field as an example, the article intensive study the geologic feature of oil pool, correctly recognize the rule of oil-gas accumulation and based on the fine representation of the characteristic of reservoir, research the remaining oil in high developed area,which is important for progressive exploratioon and development and taping the remaining oil. The article multipurpose uses the data of geology,drilling,wellloging, analysis and assay and so on, under the guidance multi-disciplinary theory, intensify the comprehension of the geologic feature of oil pool in high developed oil field. Based on the high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework ,the article points out that Es_2 upper 2+3 reservoir in the south area of Pucheng oilfield is in the depositional environment of Terminal Fan, which has constant supply of sedimentary source ,and build the sedimentation model. Studies have shown that the major reservoir in work area is the distributary channel sandbody in central Sub-facies of Terminal Fan，secondary is both lateral accretion sandbodies of channel sands，nearby and far away from the channel overflowing sandbodies in front of the fan. The article analyze the effect of depth of burial of the reservoir, sandstone structure, strata pressure and bioturbate structure on control action of physical property for reservoir and indicate that deposition and diagenesis are major controlling factors.By building the model of reservoir heterogeneity, the article show the magnitude of reservoir heterogeneity ,the genesis and identification mark of Interlayer and build the the model of interlayer. in this area the vertical distribution of interlayer is complicated,but the intraed interlayer distribute steady. Thick interlayer is steady and the thin is relatively spreaded. By building models of fault sealing,stress field and fluid potential field of the south of the pucheng oil field, the regular pattern of fluid migration and accumulation runs out. By researching the elements of oil accumulation, migration pathway and accumulation period with quantification and semiquantitative methods,we bulit the oil-gas reservoir-forming mode of the south of the pucheng oil field,which will be the foundation of the rolling exploratory development in the future. We promulgated the master control element and the rule of distribution of the remaining oil with the upside 2+3 oil layer in shaer in the south of the pucheng oil field as an example.In this area, the formation and the distribution of the remaining oil is controled by the sedimentary microfacies, reservoir heterogeneity,fault and reservoir engineering. The remaining oil is concentrated in the vicinity of the gas cap, updip of the fault block and the area with incomplete flooding. Remaining oil saturation in some area can get 50%, so there are many places in which we can enhance oil recovery.

井间地震速度层析成像方法与软件系统

Crosshole Seismic tomography has been broadly studied and applied in the fields of resource exploration and engineering exploration because of its special observing manner and better resolution than normal seismic exploration. This thesis will state the theory and method of Crosshole Seismic tomography. Basing on the previous studies，the thesis studied the initial velocity model，ray-tracing method, and developed the three-dimension tomography software. All the cells that a ray passes through are of the same velocities if the paths from transmitters to receivers are straight. The cells that the each ray passes through are recorded, and rays that pass through each cell are calculated. The ray average velocity which passes through a cell is set as the cell velocity. Analogously we can make a initial node velocity model because the velocity sum is calculated on the all cells which own to a certain node, and the cell number is summed about each nodes，the ratio of the velocity sum to the all cells number is set as the node velocity. The inversion result from the initial node velocity model is better than that of the average velocity model. Ray-bending and Shortest Path for Rays (SPR) have shortcomings and limitations respectively. Using crooked rays obtained from SPR rather than straight lines as the starting point can not only avoid ray bending converging to the local minimum travel time path, but also settle the no smooth ray problem obtained by SPR. The hybrid method costs much computation time, which is roughly equal to the time that SPR expends. The Delphi development tool based on the Object Pascal language standard has an advantage of object-oriented. TDTOM (Three Dimensions Tomography) was developed by using Delphi from the DOS version. Improvement on the part of inversion was made, which bring faster convergence velocity. TDTOM can be used to do velocity tomography from the first arrival travel time of the seismic wave, and it has the good qualities of friendly user interface and convenient operation. TDTOM is used to reconstruct the velocity image for a set of crosshole data from Karamay Oil Field. The geological explanation is then given by comparing the inversion effects of different ray-tracing methods. High velocity zones mean the cover of oil reservoir, and low velocity zones correspond to the reservoir or the steam flooding layer.

叠前地震多角度三参数同步反演方法

Pre-stack seismic inversion has become the emphasis and hotspot owing to the exploration & exploitation of oil field and the development of seismic technology. Pre-stack seismic inversion has the strongpoint of making the most of amplitude versus offset compared with the post-stack method. In this dissertation, the three parameters were discussed from multi-angle reflectance of P-wave data based on Zoeppritz’s and Aki & Richard’s equation, include P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, and density. The three parameters are inversed synchronously from the pre-stack multi-angle P-wave data, based on rockphysics model and aimed at the least remnant difference between model simulation and practical data. In order to improve the stability of inversion and resolution to thin bed, several techniques were employed, such as the wavelet transform with multi-scale function, adding the Bayesian soft constraint and hard constraints (the horizon, structure and so on) to the inversion process. Being the result, the uncertainty of the resolution is reduced, the reliability and precision are improved, the significance of parameters becomes clearer. Meeting to the fundamental requirement of pre-stack inversion, some research in rockphysics are carried out which covered the simulation and inversion of S-wave velocity, the influence of pore fluids to geophysical parameters, and the slecting and analyzing of sensitive parameters. The difference between elastic wave equation modeling and Zoeppritz equation method is also compared. A series of key techniques of pre-stack seismic inversion and description were developed, such as attributes optimization, fluid factors, etc. All the techniques mentioned above are assembled to form a technique sets and process of synchronous pre-stack seismic inversion method of the three parameters based on rock physics and model simulation. The new method and technology were applied in many areas with various reservoirs, obtained both geological and economic significance, which proved to be valid and rational. This study will promote the pre-stack inversion technology and it’s application in hidden reservoirs exploration, face good prospects for development and application.

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区延长组储层综合评价

Sedimentary provenance direction，sedimentary facies，reservoir geological characteristic，pore structure； physical property characteristic，reservoir classification and evaluation ，forthermore，favorable area area are forecasted of Yanchang formation in ZhiDan region， by mainly study on the data of field section observation ，core observation, well logging explaination and routine microscope slice identification，scanning Electron Microscope and reservoir analysis of lithology and physical property , Under the guidance of such advanced theories and methods as sedimentology，reservoir sedimentology，lithological oil pool and so on，in the thesis. The following fruits are mainly achieved in this paper： Yanchang formation stratum is divided and correlated in this entire region， and the characteristic of oil layer unit is detailed discussed , respectively. According to main marker bed and supplementary ones.and research result shows that the source of provenance direction during Yanchang Formation mianly is north-east. Delta and lake are mainly developed in study area ，sub-facies and micro-facies are divided，distribution of sedimentary micro-facies in plane and palaeogeographic evolution are described，and gentle slope type- shallow water delta depositional model is established. Fine-grain arkose sandstone is the main reservoir，and which have experienced such different degree diagenesis as compaction, cementation, replacement and dissolution, and in which compaction and cementation are mainly factors to reduce sandstone physical property and dissolution effectively improved physical property during burial diagenesis procedure. All reservoirs of Yanchang Formation have entered A period of late diagenetic stage according to scheme of diagenesis period division . Intergranular porosity，dissolution porosity，fissure porosity are main pore types. And porosity structure are analyse by mercury penetration capillary pressure parameter，fine-shortness type and fine- length throat type are mainly developed. as a whole，the reservoir， with the characteristic of porosity and permeability altering apparently，strong inhomogeneity ， is a medium- porosity and medium permeability one. In plane，higher- porosity and higher-permeability are corresponded well with distributary channel area， physical property and inhomogeneity are affected by both deposition and diagenesis，and distributary channel and underwater distributary channel are favorable facies . According to such characteristic as lithology，physical property，pore structure ，diagenesis and sandstone distribution, the sandy reservoir can be classified 4 types, and the main sandy in every oil layer unit are evaluated according to the standard. The analysis result of petroleum concentration rule shows that Yanchang Formation are with not only favourable oil source rock，reservoir，covering combination ，but also good entrapment condition in study area. Lithology and structure-lithology oil pool are mainly developed ，based on condition of favorable reservoir developments，accounting for deliverability and sandstone superface elevation，zone of profitabilitis are forecasted.

安塞油田三叠系延长组长10油层组沉积相研究

Ordos basin is a large-scale craton overlapping basin, which locates in western North China platform and possesses abundant hydrocarbon resources. Ansai area in 2007 to extend the head of Chang10 of Yangchang Formation has made breakthrough progress in the region, long a high of Gao52 was Chang10 industrial oil flow, for oil exploration Ansai Oil Field opened a new chapter. in 2008, high of Gao52, Wang519, Gao34 producing wells area of building and found the existence of Chang10 great potential for the discovery of Chang10 Reservoir, Ansai Oil Field for a new direction, showing a good exploration development prospects.The study of occurrence and distribution features of hydrocarbon should be made by new theories and evolutions of sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, reservoir sedimentology and petroleum geology form different angles on the base of regional geology background. Ansai Oil Field is in mid Shanbei Slope, which is a considerable producing zone of Ordos basin. Chang10 of Yangchang Formation is an important oil-bearing series, which sedimentary formation was formed in Indosinian orogeny, Late Triassic, sedimentary background is a momentary uplifting in Ordos basin, and exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbon in this area is very important. To further descripte disciplinarian of accumulation hydrocarbon, carefully study on sedimentary facies, reservoir type and disciplinarian of accumulation hydrocarbon of Chang10 of Yangchang Formation in study area is needed. By collecting date of field profile, outcrop, core and many other geological, through sedimentary and oil geological analysis, sedimentary facies types were identified, distributing of sedimentary facies and extension of sand body were analyzed too. Finally, the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon and the favorable areas were found out by deeply studying sedimentary system and disciplinarian of accumulation oil&gas in Chang10 of Yangchang Formation, Late Triassic in Ansai Oil Field. Chang10 of Yangchang Formation is main study formation, which is divided into three members (Chang101, Chang102 and Chang103), Chang101 is subdivided into three (Chang1011, Chang1012and Chang1013) reservoirs. By defining Layered borderline between every member and detailed describing rock and electro characteristic, member zonation become more reasonable and accurate also sedimentary facies and disciplinarian of accumulation oil&gas in study area are confirmed Through researching sedimentary facies, reservoir sand and hydrocarbon migration, accumulation, distribution, hydrocarbon accumulation models of Chang10 of Yangchang Formation in study area is pointed out, which is lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir and tectonic-lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir. Different play is formed by different processes and factors. Through analysis of reservoir property, trap type and accumulation model, several favorable exploration areas can be found out in Chang 10 reservoirs （Chang1011, Chang1012and Chang1013） of the Ansai Oil Field.

二氧化碳在孔隙咸水层中多相流动数值模拟研究

There has been a growing concern about the use of fossil fuels and its adverse effects on the atmospheric greenhouse and ecological environment. A reduction in the release rate of CO2 into the atmosphere poses a major challenge to the land ecology of China. The most promising way of achieving CO2 reduction is to dispose of CO2 in deep saline aquifers. Deep aquifers have a large potential for CO2 sequestration in geological medium in terms of volume and duration. Through the numerical simulation of multiphase flow in a porous media, the transformation and motion of CO2 in saline aquifers has been implemented under various temperature and hydrostatic pressure conditions, which plays an important role to the assessment of the reliability and safety of CO2 geological storage. As expected, the calculated results can provide meaningful and scientific information for management purposes. The key problem to the numerical simulation of multiphase flow in a porous media is to accurately capture the mass interface and to deal with the geological heterogeneity. In this study, the updated CE/SE (Space and time conservation element and solution element) method has been proposed, and the Hybrid Particle Level Set method (HPLS) has extended for multiphase flows in porous medium, which can accurately trace the transformation of the mass interface. The benchmark problems have been applied to evaluate and validate the proposed method. In this study, the reliability of CO2 storage in saline aquifers in Daqingzi oil field in Sunlong basin has been discussed. The simulation code developed in this study takes into account the state for CO2 covering the triple point temperature and pressure to the supercritical region. The geological heterogeneity has been implemented, using the well known geostatistical model (GSLIB) on the base of the hard data. The 2D and 3D model have been set up to simulate the CO2 multiphase flow in the porous saline aquifer, applying the CE/SE method and the HPLS method .The main contents and results are summarized as followings. (1) The 2D CE/SE method with first and second –order accuracy has been extended to simulate the multiphase flow in porous medium, which takes into account the contribution of source and sink in the momentum equation. The 3D CE/SE method with the first accuracy has been deduced. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed CE/SE method have been investigated, using the benchmark problems. (2) The hybrid particle level set method has been made appropriate and extended for capturing the mass interface of multiphase flows in porous media, and the numerical method for level set function calculated has been formulated. (3) The closed equations for multiphase flow in porous medium has been developed, adept to both the Darcy flow and non-Darcy flow, getting over the limitation of Reynolds number to the calculation. It is found that Darcy number has a decisive influence on pressure as well as velocity given the Darcy number. (4) The new Euler scheme for numerical simulations of multiphase flows in porous medium has been proposed, which is efficient and can accurately capture the mass interface. The artificial compressibility method has been used to couple the velocities and pressure. It is found that the Darcy number has determinant effects on the numerical convergence and stability. In terms of the different Darcy numbers, the coefficient of artificial compressibility and the time step have been obtained. (5) The time scale of the critical instability for critical CO2 in the saline aquifer has been found, which is comparable with that of completely CO2 dissolved saline aquifer. (6) The concept model for CO2 multiphase flows in the saline aquifer has been configured, based on the temperature, pressure, porosity as well as permeability of the field site .Numerical simulation of CO2 hydrodynamic trapping in saline aquifers has been performed, applying the proposed CE/SE method. The state for CO2 has been employed to take into account realistic reservoir conditions for CO2 geological sequestration. The geological heterogeneity has been sufficiently treated , using the geostatistical model. (7) It is found that the Rayleigh-Taylor instability phenomenon, which is associated with the penetration of saline fluid into CO2 fluid in the direction of gravity, has been observed in CO2 multiphase flows in the saline aquifer. Development of a mushroom-type spike is a strong indication of the formation of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability due to the developed short wavelength perturbations present along the interface and parallel to the bulk flow. Additional key findings: the geological heterogeneity can distort the flow convection. The ascending of CO2 can induce the persistent flow cycling effects. The results show that boundary conditions of the field site have determinant effects on the transformation and motion of CO2 in saline aquifers. It is confirmed that the proposed method and numerical model has the reliability to simulate the process of the hydrodynamic trapping, which is the controlling mechanism for the initial period of CO2 storage at time scale of 100 years.

孤东油田馆陶组河流相储层流动单元模型与剩余油分布规律研究

Since C.L. Hearn presented the concept of flow unit in 1984, its generation mechanisms and controlling factors have been studied in many aspects using different methods by researchers. There are some basic methods to do the research, and there are several concepts and classification standards about flow unit. Based on previous achievements and using methodologies from sedimentary geology, geophysics, seismic stratigraphy, and reservoir engineering, the author systemically studies the factors controlling flow unit, puts forward a series of methods for recognition, classification and evaluation of flow unit. The results obtained in this paper have important significance not only for understanding the flow unit, but also for revealing the distribution of remaining oil. As a case, this paper deals with the reservoir rocks in Guantao Group of Gudong Oilfield. Zhanhua Sag, Jiyang Depression in Bohaiwan Basin. Based on the study of stratigraphic, depositional and structural characteristics, the author establishes reservoir geological models, reveals the geological characteristics of oil-bearing reservoir of fluvial facies, points out the factors controlling flow unit and geological parameters for classification of flow unit. and summarizes methods and technologies for flow unit study when geological, well-logging and mathematical methods are used. It is the first attempt in literatures to evaluate reservoir by well-logging data constrained by geological conditions, then a well-logging evaluation model can be built. This kind of model is more precise than ever for calculating physical parameters in flow unit. In a well bore, there are six methods to recognize a flow unit. Among them, the activity function and intra-layer difference methods are the most effective. Along a section, the composition type of flow unit can be located according amplitude and impedance on seismic section. Slice method and other methods are used to distinguish flow unit. In order to reveal the distribution laws of flow unit in space, the author create a new method, named combination and composition of flow unit. Based on microscopic pore structure research, the classification methods of flow unit are developed. There are three types of flow unit in the reservoir of fluvial facies. They have their own lithology, petrophysics and pore structure character. Using judgement method, standard functions are built to determine the class of flow unit of fluvial facies. Combining reservoir engineering methods, the distribution laws of remaining oil in different types, or in different part of a flow unit are studied. It is evident that the remaining oil is controlled by the type of flow unit. The author reveals the relationship between flow unit and remaining oil distribution, builds the flowing models, predicts the variation of reservoir parameters in space, put forward different methods developing remaining oil in different flow unit. Especially, based on the results obtained in this paper, some suggestions for the adjustment of the developing flow units have been applied in Districts No.4 and No.7, and good results have been yielded. So, the results of this paper can guide oil field development. They are useful and significant for developing the remaining oil and enhancing the oil recovery efficiency.

三角洲储层孔隙结构模型与剩余油分布研究——以临南油田沙河街组储层为例

The study of pore structure in reservoir was paid attention to in the early reservoir research and now a systematic research methodology is set up. On the limits of tools and conditions, methodologies and technologies on formation condition and distribution laws of pore structure and the relationship between remaining oil distribution and pore structure are uncertain and some knownage about it is also uncertain. As the development of petroleum industry, the characterization of pore structure and the prediction of remaining oil are the hot spot and difficult point in the research of oil development. The author pays a close attention to this subject and has done much research on it. In a case study in Linnan oilfield Huimin sag Jiyang Depression Bohai Bay basin by using a new method, named varied scale comprehensive modeling of pore structure, the author builds pore structure models for delta reservoir, reveals the remaining oil distribution laws in delta facies, and predicts the distribution of remaining oil in Linnan oilfield. By the application of stratigraphy, sedimentology and structure geology. the author reveals the genetic types of sandbody and its distribution laws, builds the reservoir geological models for delta sandstone reservoir in Shahejie group in Linnan oilfield and points out the geological Factors that control the development of pores and throats. Combining petrology and the reservoir sensitive analysis, the author builds the rock matrix models. It is the first time to state that rocks in different sentimental micro facies have different sensitive .response to fluid pressed into the rocks. Normally. the reservoirs in the delta front have weaker sensitivity to fluid than the reservoirs in delta plain, In same subfacies, the microfacies that have fine grain, such as bank and crevasse splay, have stronger reservoir sensitivity than the microfacies that have coarse grains, such as under-water branched channel and debauch bar. By the application of advanced testing, such as imagine analysis, scan electronic microscope, and morphology method, the author classifies the pore structure and set up the distribution models of pore, throat and pore structure. By the application of advanced theory in well-logging geology, the author finds the relationship between microscope pore structure and macroscopic percolation characteristics, and then builds the well-logging interpretation formulae for calculating pore structure parameters. By using the geostatistics methods, the author reveals the spatial correlative characteristics of pore structure. By application of conditional stochastic simulation methods, the author builds the 3D models of pore structure in delta reservoir. It is the base of predicting remaining oil distribution. By a great deal of experiments and theoretical deduction, The author expounds the laws of percolation flow in different pore structures, and the laws by which the pore structure controls the micro distribution of remaining oil, and then, states the micro mechanism of remaining oil distribution. There are two types of remaining oil. They are by-pass flow caused by micro-fingering and truncation caused by non-piston movement. By new method, the author states the different pore structure has different replacement efficiency, reveals the formation condition and distribution laws of remaining oil. predicts the remaining oil distribution in Linnan oil field, and put forward some idea about how to adjust the oil production. The study yielded good results in the production in Linnan oilfield.

小波域地震资料的处理方法（WSSP）研究

The modeling formula based on seismic wavelet can well simulate zero - phase wavelet and hybrid-phase wavelet, and approximate maximal - phase and minimal - phase wavelet in a certain sense. The modeling wavelet can be used as wavelet function after suitable modification item added to meet some conditions. On the basis of the modified Morlet wavelet, the derivative wavelet function has been derived. As a basic wavelet, it can be sued for high resolution frequency - division processing and instantaneous feature extraction, in acoordance with the signal expanding characters in time and scale domains by each wavelet structured. Finally, an application example proves the effectiveness and reasonability of the method. Based on the analysis of SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) filter, by taking wavelet as basic wavelet and combining SVD filter and wavelet transform, a new de - noising method, which is Based on multi - dimension and multi-space de - noising method, is proposed. The implementation of this method is discussed the detail. Theoretical analysis and modeling show that the method has strong capacity of de - noising and keeping attributes of effective wave. It is a good tool for de - noising when the S/N ratio is poor. To give prominence to high frequency information of reflection event of important layer and to take account of other frequency information under processing seismic data, it is difficult for deconvolution filter to realize this goal. A filter from Fourier Transform has some problems for realizing the goal. In this paper, a new method is put forward, that is a method of processing seismic data in frequency division from wavelet transform and reconstruction. In ordinary seismic processing methods for resolution improvement, deconvolution operator has poor part characteristics, thus influencing the operator frequency. In wavelet transform, wavelet function has very good part characteristics. Frequency - division data processing in wavelet transform also brings quite good high resolution data, but it needs more time than deconvolution method does. On the basis of frequency - division processing method in wavelet domain, a new technique is put forward, which involves 1) designing filter operators equivalent to deconvolution operator in time and frequency domains in wavelet transform, 2) obtaining derivative wavelet function that is suitable to high - resolution seismic data processing, and 3) processing high resolution seismic data by deconvolution method in time domain. In the method of producing some instantaneous characteristic signals by using Hilbert transform, Hilbert transform is very sensitive to high - frequency random noise. As a result, even though there exist weak high - frequency noises in seismic signals, the obtained instantaneous characteristics of seismic signals may be still submerged by the noises. One method for having instantaneous characteristics of seismic signals in wavelet domain is put forward, which obtains directly the instantaneous characteristics of seismic signals by taking the characteristics of both the real part (real signals, namely seismic signals) and the imaginary part (the Hilbert transfom of real signals) of wavelet transform. The method has the functions of frequency division and noise removal. What is more, the weak wave whose frequency is lower than that of high - frequency random noise is retained in the obtained instantaneous characteristics of seismic signals, and the weak wave may be seen in instantaneous characteristic sections (such as instantaneous frequency, instantaneous phase and instantaneous amplitude). Impedance inversion is one of tools in the description of oil reservoir. one of methods in impedance inversion is Generalized Linear Inversion. This method has higher precision of inversion. But, this method is sensitive to noise of seismic data, so that error results are got. The description of oil reservoir in researching important geological layer, in order to give prominence to geological characteristics of the important layer, not only high frequency impedance to research thin sand layer, but other frequency impedance are needed. It is difficult for some impedance inversion method to realize the goal. Wavelet transform is very good in denoising and processing in frequency division. Therefore, in the paper, a method of impedance inversion is put forward based on wavelet transform, that is impedance inversion in frequency division from wavelet transform and reconstruction. in this paper, based on wavelet transform, methods of time - frequency analysis is given. Fanally, methods above are in application on real oil field - Sansan oil field.

河道砂油藏产能预测系统研究

Productivity prediction is a serious factor to oil reservoir management and working out economic plans so that it is paid great attention to all the time. Gudao Oil Field, which has been yielding more than 100 million tons of crude oil accumulatively since it was put into developing in 1970's as a complete set of oil field, now entering double extra high water-bearing period after productivity construction, stable production and depletion stage. It's main layer series of development is thought to be type of channel sand reservoir in east China. Form channel sand reservoir in upper Guantao Group of Shengli Oil Field, there are several large oil fields such as Gudao, Gudong and Chengdao etc. with almost one-third reserves of whole Shengli Oil Field. It is considered the common characteristics in this area would be that the layer is less developed, the sand distribution is sporadic, the connectivity is weak, the heterogeneity is strong in plane, the oil layer is unconsolidated with big porosity, high permeability and serious sanding, and the oil is heavy. Because of the restricted factors to productivity of this kind of reservoir, it is very significant to study the productivity prediction this kind of reservoir. By selecting the upstream fluvial reservoir in Guantao Group of Neogene system as researching object, the author studied the forecasting technology with heterogeneous reservoir. Firstly, the author constructed the 3D subtle geological model quantificationally through researching exploitation geology in the way of combination of dynamic and static methods. Secondly, by the aid of dynamic material obtained while producing, the author analyzed the oil distribution law and influencing factors, then finished dynamic oil reservoir description on the basis of static oil reservoir description. Thirdly, via comparing and analyzing all the forecasting methods of productivity existed, the author developed a set of method to forecast productivity of single well and oil field which fit to channel sand reservoir. At last, under the support of ORACLE database, with the advanced computer technology, the author programmed the software called 'Channel Sand Reservoir Prediction System'. Up to now, this system has been putting into use in Gudao Oil Field and very successful.

波动方程叠前深度偏移辛算法及速度建模

On 70~(th) SEG Annual meeting, many author have announced their result on the wave equation prestack depth migration. The methods of the wave-field imaging base on wave equation becomes mature and the main direction of seismic imaging. The direction of imaging the complex media has been the main one of the projects that the national "85" and "95" reservoir geophysics key projects and "Knowledge innovation key project of Chinese Academy of Science" have been supported. Furthermore, we began the study for special oil field situation of our nation with the international research groups. Under the background, the author combined the thoughts of symplectic with wave equation pre-stack depth migration, and develops and efficient wave equation pre-stack depth migration method. The purpose of this work is to find out a way to imaging the complex geological goals of Chinese oilfields and form a procedure of seismic data processing. The paper gives the approximation of one way wave equation operator, and shows the numerical results. The comparisons have been made between split-step phase method, Kirchhoff and Ray+FD methods on the pulse response, simple model and Marmousi model. The results shows that the method in this paper has an higher accuracy. Four field data examples have also be given in this paper. The results of field data demonstrate that the method can be usable. The velocity estimation is an important part of the wave equation pre-stack depth migration. A parallel velocity estimation program has been written and tested on the Beowulf clusters. The program can establish a velocity profile automatically. An example on Marmousi model has shown in the third part of the paper to demonstrate the method. Another field data was also given in the paper. Beowulf cluster is the converge of the high performance computer architecture. Today, Beowulf Cluster is a good choice for institutes and small companies to finish their task. The paper gives some comparison results the computation of the wave equation pre-stack migration on Beowulf cluster, IBM-SP2 (24 nodes) in Daqing and Shuguang 3000, and the comparison of their prize. The results show that the Beowulf cluster is an efficient way to finish the large amount computation of the wave equation pre-stack depth migration, especially for 3D.

辛格式波动方程叠前深度偏移及速度建模

On 70~(th) SEG Annual meeting, many author have announced their result on the wave equation pre-stack depth migration. The methods of the wave-field imaging base on wave equation becomes mature and the main direction of seismic imaging. The direction of imaging the complex media has been the main one of the projects that the national "85" and "95" reservoir geophysics key projects and "Knowledge innovation key project of Chinese Academy of Science" have been supported. Furthermore, we began the study for special oil field situation of our nation with the international research groups. Under the background, the author combined the thoughts of symplectic with wave equation pre-stack depth migration, and develops and efficient wave equation pre-stack depth migration method. The purpose of this work is to find out a way to imaging the complex geological goals of Chinese oilfields and form a procedure of seismic data processing. The paper gives the approximation of one way wave equation operator, and shows the numerical results. The comparisons have been made between split-step phase method, Kirchhoff and Ray+FD methods on the pulse response, simple model and Marmousi model. The result shows that the method in this paper has an higher accuracy. Four field data examples have also be given in this paper. The results of field data demonstrate that the method can be usable. The velocity estimation is an important part of the wave equation pre-stack depth migration. A. parallel velocity estimation program has been written and tested on the Beowulf clusters. The program can establish a velocity profile automatically. An example on Marmousi model has shown in the third part of the paper to demonstrate the method. Another field data was also given in the paper. Beowulf cluster is the converge of the high performance computer architecture. Today, Beowulf Cluster is a good choice for institutes and small companies to finish their task. The paper gives some comparison results the computation of the wave equation pre-stack migration on Beowulf cluster, IBM-SP2 (24 nodes) in Daqing and Shuguang3000, and the comparison of their prize. The results show that the Beowulf cluster is an efficient way to finish the large amount computation of the wave equation pre-stack depth migration, especially for 3D.