Estudo de pré-tratamentos de bagaço de cana para produção de etanol celulósico por hidrólise enzimática

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ocorrência de aminas aromáticas como subprodutos da degradação dos corantes sudan III e disperso amarelo 9

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aplicação de β-glicosidases produzidas pelos microorganismos Aureobasidium pullulans e Thermoascus aurantiacus ao processo fermentativo da aguardente de cana com foco na produção de terpenos

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Investigação do processo de fixação biológica de N2 atmosférico na fermentação de fécula de mandioca

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Enzimas exógenas em dietas para frangos de corte

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Citrus pulp and enzyme complex for growing and finishing pigs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Papel das espécies reativas de oxigênio na hiporreatividade de aortas à fenilefrina observada no final da prenhez de Ratas Espontaneamente Hipertensas (SHR)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Transcrição cooperativa de genes ribossomais em Escherichia coli usando um modelo estocástico e dependente de sequência

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo do exossomo de Archaea e de sua interação com a proteína reguladora PaNip7

O exossomo é um complexo multiproteico conservado evolutivamente de archaea a eucariotos superiores que desempenha funções celulares essenciais tais como: atividade exoribonucleolítica 3\'→5\', regulação dos níveis de mRNA, maturação de RNAs estruturais e controle de qualidade de RNAs durante os vários estágios do mecanismo de expressão gênica. Em Archaea, o exossomo é composto por até quatro subunidades diferentes, duas com domínios de RNase PH, aRrp41 e aRrp42, e duas com domínios de ligação a RNAs, aCsl4 e aRrp4. Três cópias das proteínas aRrp4 e/ou aCsl4 se associam com o núcleo hexamérico catalítico do anel de RNase PH e completam a formação do complexo. A proteína PaNip7 é um cofator de regulação do exossomo da archaea Pyrococcus abyssi e atua na inibição do complexo enzimático ligando-se simultaneamente ao exossomo e a RNAs. Neste projeto, a reconstituição in vitro do exossomo da archaea Pyrococcus abyssi formado pela proteína de topo PaCsl4 foi obtida. Para tanto foram realizadas análises de interação proteica usando as técnicas de cromatografia de afinidade, gel filtração e SDS-PAGE. Em adição à formação da isoforma PaCsl4-exossomo, um fragmento peptídico correspondente à região C-terminal da PaNip7 foi sintetizado pelo método da fase sólida, purificado por RP-HPLC e o purificado foi caracterizado por LC/ESI-MS almejando realizar futuros experimentos de interação com o exossomo.

Caracterização físico-química e ações farmacológicas hepatoprotetora, antiinflamatória, pró-angiogênica, antioxidante e anticoagulante da fração rica em fucana 0,8FRF 0,8 da alga marrom Lobophora variegata

This study examines the physical and chemical composition and the pharmacological effects of brown seaweed FRF 0.8 Lobophora variegata. Fractionation of the crude extract was done with the concentration of 0.8 volumes of acetone, obtaining the FRF 0.8. The physicochemical characterization showed that it was a fucana sulfated. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by paw edema model by the high rates of inhibition of the edema and the best results were in the fourth hour after induction (100 ± 1.4% at the dose of 75 mg / kg) and by the strong inhibitory activity of the enzyme myeloperoxidase (91.45% at the dose of 25 mg / kg). The hepataproteção was demonstrated by measurements of enzymatic and metabolic parameters indicative of liver damage, such as bilirubin (reduction in 68.81%, 70.68% and 68.21% for bilirubin total, direct and indirect, respectively at a dose of 75 mg / kg), ALT, AST and γ-GT (decrease of 76.93%, 44.58% and 50% respectively at a dose of 75 mg / kg) by analysis of histological slides of liver tissue, confirming that hepatoprotective effect the polymers of carbohydrates, showing a reduction in tissue damage caused by CCl4 and the inhibition of the enzyme complex of cytochrome P 450 (increasing sleep time in 54.6% and reducing the latency time in 71.43%). The effectiveness of the FRF 0.8 angiogenesis was examined in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized eggs, with the density of capillaries evaluated and scored, showing an effect proangigênico at all concentrations tested FRF (10 mg- 1000 mg). The FRF showed antioxidant activity on free radicals (by inhibiting Superoxide Radical in 55.62 ± 2.10%, Lipid Peroxidation in 100.15 ± 0.01%, Hydroxyl Radical in 41.84 ± 0.001% and 71.47 Peroxide in ± 2.69% at concentration of 0.62 mg / mL). The anticoagulant activity was observed with prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) at 50 mg (> 240 s), showing that its action occurs in the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. Thus, our results indicate that these sulfated polysaccharides are an important pharmacological target

Análises Estruturais e atividades biológicas de exopolissacarídeo extraído do fungo comestível pleurotus Sajor-Caju e de seu derivado sulfatado quimicamente.

The exopolysaccharides are extracellular compounds produced by some species of fungi and bacteria. It is suggested that these molecules, even when in the form of complex polysaccharide-peptide, are the main bioactive molecules of many fungus. Some of the biological activities displayed by these compounds can be accentuated and others may arise when you add chemically polar or nonpolar groups to polysaccharides. The fruiting body of Pleurotus sajor-caju produces a heteropolysaccharide with antineoplastic and antimicrobial activity, but other biological activities of this polymer have not been evaluated. In this work the exopolysaccharide of Pleurotus sajor-caju was sulfated chemically and structurally characterized. We also evaluated the antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticoagulant activities from native exopolysaccharide (PN) and its sulfated derivated (PS). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C) proved successful in sulfation of PN to obtain PS. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy showed that PN and PS are composed of mannose, galactose, 3-O-methyl-galactose and glucose in proportion percentage of 44,9:16,3:19,8:19 and 49, 7:14,4:17,7:18,2, respectively. The percentage of sulfate found in PS was 22.5%. Antioxidants assays revealed that the sulfation procedure affects differently the activities of exopolysaccharides, while the total antioxidant capacity, the scavenging activity of superoxide radical and ferric chelating were not affected by sulfation, on the other hand the chemical modification of PN enhanced the scavenging activity of hydroxyl radical and reducing power. PS also showed anticoagulant activity in a dose-dependent manner and clotting time was 3.0 times higher than the baseline value in APTT at 2 mg/mL. The exopolysaccharide not presented antiproliferative activity against HeLa tumor cells, but PS affects the cellular proliferation in a time-dependent manner. After 72 h, the inhibition rate of PS (2.0 mg/mL) on HeLa cells was about 60%. The results showed that PN sulfation increase some of their activities.

Efeito da suplementação com retinol palmitato em codornas (Coturnix coturnx japonica) nos níveis de retinol na gema dos ovos

Vitamin A deficiency is a serious public health problem in developing countries, and it causes death and blindness among children in the developing countries. The fortification of food could be an important source of vitamins to control deficiency. 60 Coturnix coturnix japonica quails were used in a randomized design with duration of seven weeks. The birds were assigned into five treatments with four repetitions. The objective was to evaluate the influence of the supplementation with different levels of retinyl palmitate (2,000 IU, 4,000 IU, 8,000IU and 16,000 IU) in quails under the levels of retinyl in egg yolks. The method used to dose retinyl in yolks of quail eggs was High Performance Liquid Chromatography and the enzymatic method to quantify the cholesterol concentration. The weight and production of eggs was significantly modified by the supplementation with retinyl in the birds. The results showed a gradual increase in the incorporation of retinyl in the egg yolk as a response to the supplementation, reaching values 384% higher than the control values. By the end of the supplementations a significant reduction in the concentrations of retinyl in the eggs yolk was observed. The most lasting supplementations were with 8,000 IU and 16,000 IU which lasted for three weeks. The cholesterol content in eggs was not significantly modified. The consumption of one egg enriched with 16000UI of retinol palmitate in the present study, by day, would probably reach 10 and 7,3% of the daily recommendations of this micronutrient for children of 1 to 3 years of age, and for 4 to 8 years, respectively. The nutritional value of eggs, related to the vitamin A, can be improved by supplementation of quails

Avaliação de características de desempenho e de carcaça de codornas de corte por meio da análise de componentes principais

Foram utilizados dados de 288 codornas de corte (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) para avaliar a possibilidade de resumir a informação contida no complexo de variáveis originais, eliminando-se variáveis inexpressivas por meio da técnica de componentes principais. Foram registrados o peso vivo (PVIVO) e pesos do peito (PPEITO), das coxas (PCOXA), da gordura abdominal (GA), das vísceras comestíveis (fígado, moela e coração) (FIG, MOELA e CORA) e da carcaça eviscerada (PCEVIS). As carcaças foram secas e trituradas para a avaliação do teor matéria seca (MS), gordura (GORD) e proteína bruta (PB). Dos 11 componentes principais, sete (63,6%) apresentaram variância menor que 0,7 (autovalor inferior a 0,7), sendo sugeridas para descarte, respectivamente, em ordem de menor importância, para explicar a variação total das seguintes variáveis: PCEVIS, PPEITO, PCOXA, CORA, FIG MOELA e GORD. Com base nos resultados, recomenda-se manter as seguintes variáveis em experimentos futuros: PVIVO, MS, PB e GA.

Estudo das interações polifenol-proteína e das reações de escurecimento não-enzimático para o processamento de cajuína

The cashew, a fruit from Brazilian Northeast is used to produce juice due to its flavor and vitamin C richness. However, its acceptance is limited due to its astringency. Cajuína is a derivate product appreciated by its characteristic flavor, freshness and lack of astringency, due to tannin removal. Cajuína is a light yellow beverage made from clarified cashew juice and sterilized after bottling. It differs from the integral and concentrated juice by the clarification and thermal treatment steps. Many problems such as haze and excessive browning could appear if these steps are not controlled. The objective of this work was divided into two stages with the aim to supply process information in order to obtain a good quality product with uniform characteristics (sensory and nutritional). Polyphenol-protein interaction was studied at the clarification step, which is an empirical process, to provide values on the amount of clarifying solution (gelatin) that must be added to achieve a complete juice clarification. Clarification essays were performed with juice dilutions of 1:2 and 1:10 and the effect of metabissulfite and tannic acid addition was evaluated. It was not possible to establish a clarification point. Metabissulfite did not influenced the clarification process however tannic acid addition displaced the clarification point, showing the difficulty visual monitoring of the process. Thermal treatment of clarified juice was studied at 88, 100, 111 e 121 °C. To evaluate the non-enzymatic browning, vitamin C, 5-hidroximetilfurfural (5-HMF) and sugar variation were correlated with color parameters (reflectance spectra, color difference and CIELAB). Kinetic models were obtained for reflectance spectra, ascorbic acid and 5-HMF. It was observed that 5-HMF introduction followed a first order kinetic rate at the beginning of the thermal treatment and a zero order kinetic at later process stages. An inverse correlation was observed between absorbance at 420 nm and ascorbic acid degradation, which indicates that ascorbic acid might be the principal factor on cajuína non-enzymatic browning. Constant sugar concentration showed that this parameter did not contribute directly to the nonenzymatic browning. Optimization techniques showed showed that to obtain a high vitamin C and a low 5-HMF content, the process must be done at 120 ºC. With the water-bath thermal treatment, the 90 °C temperature promoted a lower ascorbic acid degradation at the expense of a higher 5-HMF level

Hidrólise de resíduos lignocelulósicos utilizando extrato enzimático celulolítico produzido por Trichoderma reesei atcc 2768

Cellulolytic enzymatic broth by Trichoderma reesei ATCC 2768 cultived in shaker using cashew apple bagasse and coconut shell bagasse, as substrate for fermentation, was used to investigate the enzymatic hydrolysis of these substrates after pre-treatment with 1 M NaOH, wet-oxidation as well as a combination of these treatments. Hydrolysis runs were carried at 125 rpm, 50ºC and initial pH of 4.8 for 108 hours. Enzymatic broth produced using cashew apple bagasse treated with 1M NaOH (1.337 UI/mL CMCase and 0.074 UI/mL FPase), showed after the hydrolysis an initial of 0.094 g of reducing sugar/g of substrate.h with 96% yield of total reducing sugars while for the coconut shell bagasse treated using the alkaline process (0.640 UI/mL CMCase and 0.070 UI/mL FPase) exhibited an initial hydrolysis velocity of 0.025 g of reducing sugar/g of substrate.h with 48% yield of total reducing sugars. For the treatment with wet-oxidation using cashew apple bagasse as substrate enzymatic broth (0.547 UI/mL CMCase) exhibited an initial hydrolysis velocity of 0.014 g of reducing sugars/g of substrate.h with a lower yield about 89% of total reducing sugars compared to the alkaline treatment. Enzymatic broth produced using coconut shell treated by wet-oxidation showed an initial hydrolysis velocity of 0.029 g of reducing sugar/g of substrate.h with 91% yield. However, when the combination of these two treatments were used it was obtained an enzymatic broth of 1.154 UI/mL CMCase and 0.107 FPase for the cashew apple bagasse as well as 0.538 UI/mL CMCase and 0,013 UI/mL de FPase for the coconut shell bagasse. After hydrolysis, initial velocity was 0.029 g of reducing sugar/g of substrate.h. with 94% yield for the cashew apple bagasse and 0.018 g de reducing sugar/g of substrate.h with 69% yield for coconut shell bagasse. Preliminary treatment improves residues digestibility showing good yields after hydrolysis. In this case, cellulose from the residue can be converted into glucose by cellulolytic enzymes that can be used for ethanol production