635 resultados para Cairo
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El objetivo principal de este artículo es examinar los avances que se han producido en los países de América Latina en la captación de información sobre las personas con discapacidad mediante los censos efectuados durante las dos décadas acordadas originalmente como plazo para el cumplimiento del Programa de Acción de la Conferencia Internacional sobre la Población y el Desarrollo, aprobado en 1994, en que se dedicó un apartado a este grupo poblacional. Para esto se realiza un análisis de las boletas utilizadas en las tres últimas rondas censales, considerando la inclusión del tema en los cuestionarios, el paradigma que subyace a esa incorporación, y la observancia de las recomendaciones internacionales al respecto. También se describen y analizan algunos indicadores elaborados a partir de microdatos censales de los países de la región correspondientes a las rondas de 2000 y 2010, con el propósito de ilustrar, por una parte, las materias pendientes respecto a la captación de información censal sobre discapacidad, y por otra, las potencialidades de esta información para la elaboración de un perfi sociodemográfico de las personas con discapacidad en América Latina. Palabras clave: personas con discapacidad, censos, América Latina, CIPD, modelo social de la discapacidad.
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Participation appeared in development discourses for the first time in the 1970s, as a generic call for the involvement of the poor in development initiatives. Over the last three decades, the initial perspectives on participation intended as a project method for poverty reduction have evolved into a coherent and articulated theoretical elaboration, in which participation figures among the paraphernalia of good governance promotion: participation has acquired the status of “new orthodoxy”. Nevertheless, the experience of the implementation of participatory approaches in development projects seemed to be in the majority of cases rather disappointing, since the transformative potential of ‘participation in development’ depends on a series of factors in which every project can actually differ from others: the ultimate aim of the approach promoted, its forms and contents and, last but not least, the socio-political context in which the participatory initiative is embedded. In Egypt, the signature of a project agreement between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Federal Republic of Germany, in 1998, inaugurated a Participatory Urban Management Programme (PUMP) to be implemented in Greater Cairo by the German Technical Cooperation (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit, GTZ) and the Ministry of Planning (now Ministry of Local Development) and the Governorates of Giza and Cairo as the main counterparts. Now, ten years after the beginning of the PUMP/PDP and close to its end (December 2010), it is possible to draw some conclusions about the scope, the significance and the effects of the participatory approach adopted by GTZ and appropriated by the Egyptian counterparts in dealing with the issue of informal areas and, more generally, of urban development. Our analysis follows three sets of questions: the first set regards the way ‘participation’ has been interpreted and concretised by PUMP and PDP. The second is about the emancipating potential of the ‘participatory approach’ and its ability to ‘empower’ the ‘marginalised’. The third focuses on one hand on the efficacy of GTZ strategy to lead to an improvement of the delivery service in informal areas (especially in terms of planning and policies), and on the other hand on the potential of GTZ development intervention to trigger an incremental process of ‘democratisation’ from below.
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The main objective of this study is to reveal the housing patterns in Cairo as one of the most rapidly urbanizing city in the developing world. The study outlines the evolution of the housing problem and its influencing factors in Egypt generally and in Cairo specifically. The study takes into account the political transition from the national state economy to the open door policy, the neo-liberal period and finally to the housing situation after the January 2011 Revolution. The resulting housing patterns in Cairo Governorate were identified as (1) squatter settlements, (2) semi-informal settlements, (3) deteriorated inner pockets, and (4) formal settlements. rnThe study concluded that the housing patterns in Cairo are reflecting a multifaceted problem resulting in: (1) the imbalance between the high demand for affordable housing units for low-income families and the oversupply of upper-income housing, (2) the vast expansion of informal areas both on agricultural and desert lands, (3) the deterioration of the old parts of Cairo without upgrading or appropriate replacement of the housing structure, and (4) the high vacancy rate of newly constructed apartmentsrnThe evolution and development of the current housing problem were attributed to a number of factors. These factors are demographic factors represented in the rapid growth of the population associated with urbanization under the dictates of poverty, and the progressive increase of the prices of both buildable land and building materials. The study underlined that the current pattern of population density in Cairo Governorate is a direct result of the current housing problems. Around the depopulation core of the city, a ring of relatively stable areas in terms of population density has developed. Population densification, at the expense of the depopulation core, is characterizing the peripheries of the city. The population density in relation to the built-up area was examined using Landsat-7 ETM+ image (176/039). The image was acquired on 24 August 2006 and considered as an ideal source for land cover classification in Cairo since it is compatible with the population census 2006.rnConsidering that the socio-economic setting is a driving force of change of housing demand and that it is an outcome of the accumulated housing problems, the socio-economic deprivations of the inhabitants of Cairo Governorate are analyzed. Small administrative units in Cairo are categorized into four classes based on the Socio-Economic Opportunity Index (SEOI). This index is developed by using multiple domains focusing on the economic, educational and health situation of the residential population. The results show four levels of deprivation which are consistent with the existing housing patterns. Informal areas on state owned land are included in the first category, namely, the “severely deprived” level. Ex-formal areas or deteriorated inner pockets are characterized as “deprived” urban quarters. Semi-informal areas on agricultural land concentrate in the third category of “medium deprived” settlements. Formal or planned areas are included mostly in the fourth category of the “less deprived” parts of Cairo Governorate. rnFor a better understanding of the differences and similarities among the various housing patterns, four areas based on the smallest administrative units of shiakhat were selected for a detailed study. These areas are: (1) El-Ma’desa is representing a severely deprived squatter settlement, (2) Ain el-Sira is an example for an ex-formal deprived area, (3) El-Marg el-Qibliya was selected as a typical semi-informal and medium deprived settlement, and (4) El-Nozha is representing a formal and less deprived area.rnThe analysis at shiakhat level reveals how the socio-economic characteristics and the unregulated urban growth are greatly reflected in the morphological characteristics of the housing patterns in terms of street network and types of residential buildings as well as types of housing tenure. It is also reflected in the functional characteristics in terms of land use mix and its degree of compatibility. It is concluded that the provision and accessibility to public services represents a performance measure of the dysfunctional structure dominating squatter and semi-informal settlements on one hand and ample public services and accessibility in formal areas on the other hand.rn
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ed. by Richard Gottheil ...
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by Ewart S. Grogan and Arthur H. Sharp
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Mientras la comunidad internacional se prepara a evaluar el cumplimiento de los acuerdos de la Conferencia Internacional sobre la Población y el Desarrollo en el próximo 2014, en Nicaragua SI Mujer nuevamente publica el monitoreo del Programa de Acción elaborado con información de los años 1994 al 2012, cuidadosamente recopilada a partir de la legislación, las políticas públicas, los programas, las normas y protocolos así como de investigaciones independientes y reportes de fuentes alternativas del movimiento feminista de la región Latinoamericana y del Caribe. Tal como decíamos en el Diagnóstico de Cairo+10, el Programa de Acción estableció una histórica transformación de las tradicionales concepciones demográficas -pro o antinatalistas- con que se forjaban las políticas de población mundial para centrar el desarrollo humano en las personas y de manera particular en las mujeres. Cairo ha obligado a la redefinición de legislaciones, estrategias y políticas en todos los países de la comunidad internacional y les ha obligado a cambiar la consideración social sobre las mujeres. En Nicaragua han pasado cuatro gobiernos que bajo signo conservador, liberal o revolucionario han coincidido sucesivamente en ignorar, postergar o minimizar los derechos de las poblaciones y específicamente de las mujeres, las adolescentes y las niñas. Es más vigente que nunca la demanda de las mujeres hecha diez años atrás de superar la indefinición de las políticas de población en la esfera de la salud, que ha impedido que el país cuente con una estrategia capaz de comenzar a reducir el riesgo, la morbilidad y la mortalidad de las mujeres -en fin-, el sufrimiento humano que se perpetúa entre generaciones.
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Disponible la versión en español y la versión en inglés de la publicación.
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Presentación en la 4ta. Conferencia Regional del CLACAI. Reafirmando el legado de Cairo: Aborto legal y seguro. Lima, 21 y 22 de Agosto de 2014
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El presente escrito hace parte de una línea de investigación desarrollada desde hace varios años por La Mesa por la Vida y la Salud de las Mujeres en Colombia, orientada a identificar y analizar los avances a favor de los derechos de las mujeres que solicitan la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo o aborto, en especial a través del seguimiento de decisiones judiciales. El texto aborda cuatro cuestiones fundamentales. En primer lugar, identifica los compromisos emanados del Programa de Acción de la Conferencia Internacional sobre Población y Desarrollo de El Cairo, relacionados con el acceso al aborto y la protección de la salud reproductiva. En segundo lugar, se presenta un corto estudio sobre las leyes sobre aborto y causal salud en América Latina y El Caribe. En tercer lugar, contextualiza el aborto en Colombia y discute los avances de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional de Colombia sobre aborto, en relación con el derecho a la salud y otros derechos fundamentales relacionados. En cuarto lugar, propone un conjunto de estándares fijados por la Corte Constitucional en relación con el aborto y otros derechos fundamentales para ser aplicados en la región de América Latina.
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Presentación en la 3ra Conferencia Subregional Andina. Lima, Perú, 5 de Noviembre de 2015