Addition to ETSAM, Madrid (1989)

Proyecto de ampliación de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Madrid

Competition between a sterol biosynthetic enzyme and tRNA modification in addition to changes in the protein synthesis machinery causes altered nonsense suppression

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mod5 protein catalyzes isopentenylation of A to i6A on tRNAs in the nucleus, cytosol, and mitochondria. The substrate for Mod5p, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, is also a substrate for Erg20p that catalyzes an essential step in sterol biosynthesis. Changing the distribution of Mod5p so that less Mod5p is present in the cytosol decreases i6A on cytosolic tRNAs and alters tRNA-mediated nonsense suppression. We devised a colony color/growth assay to assess tRNA-mediated nonsense suppression and used it to search for genes, which, when overexpressed, affect nonsense suppression. We identified SAL6, TEF4, and YDL219w, all of which likely affect nonsense suppression via alteration of the protein synthesis machinery. We also identified ARC1, whose product interacts with aminoacyl synthetases. Interestingly, we identified ERG20. Midwestern analysis showed that yeast cells overproducing Erg20p have reduced levels of i6A on tRNAs. Thus, Erg20p appears to affect nonsense suppression by competing with Mod5p for substrate. Identification of ERG20 reveals that yeast have a limited pool of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate. It also demonstrates that disrupting the balance between enzymes that use dimethylallyl pyrophosphate as substrate affects translation.

Trans-spliced leader addition to mRNAs in a cnidarian

A search of databases with the sequence from the 5′ untranslated region of a Hydra cDNA clone encoding a receptor protein-tyrosine kinase revealed that a number of Hydra cDNAs contain one of two different sequences at their 5′ ends. This finding suggested the possibility that mRNAs in Hydra receive leader sequences by trans-splicing. This hypothesis was confirmed by the finding that the leader sequences are transcribed as parts of small RNAs encoded by genes located in the 5S rRNA clusters of Hydra. The two spliced leader (SL) RNAs (SL-A and -B) contain splice donor dinucleotides at the predicted positions, and genes that receive SLs contain splice acceptor dinucleotides at the predicted positions. Both of the SL RNAs are bound by antibody against trimethylguanosine, suggesting that they contain a trimethylguanosine cap. The predicted secondary structures of the Hydra SL RNAs show significant differences from the structures predicted for the SLs of other organisms. Messenger RNAs have been identified that can receive either SL-A or -B, although the impact of the two different SLs on the function of the mRNA is unknown. The presence and features of SL addition in the phylum Cnidaria raise interesting questions regarding the evolution of this process.

Recruitment and replacement of hippocampal neurons in young and adult chickadees: an addition to the theory of hippocampal learning.

We used [3H]thymidine to document the birth of neurons and their recruitment into the hippocampal complex (HC) of juvenile (4.5 months old) and adult blackcapped chickadees (Parus atricapillus) living in their natural surroundings. Birds received a single dose of [3H]thymidine in August and were recaptured and killed 6 weeks later, in early October. All brains were stained with Cresyl violet, a Nissl stain. The boundaries of the HC were defined by reference to the ventricular wall, the brain surface, or differences in neuronal packing density. The HC of juveniles was as large as or larger than that of adults and packing density of HC neurons was 31% higher in juveniles than in adults. Almost all of the 3H-labeled HC neurons were found in a 350-m-wide layer of tissue adjacent to the lateral ventricle. Within this layer the fraction of 3H-labeled neurons was 50% higher in juveniles than in adults. We conclude that the HC of juvenile chickadees recruits more neurons and has more neurons than that of adults. We speculate that juveniles encounter greater environmental novelty than adults and that the greater number of HC neurons found in juveniles allows them to learn more than adults. At a more general level, we suggest that (i) long-term learning alters HC neurons irreversibly; (ii) sustained hippocampal learning requires the periodic replacement of HC neurons; (iii) memories coded by hippocampal neurons are transferred elsewhere before the neurons are replaced.

[Map of Brown & Fullers addition to Ann Arbor, Michigan surveyed by J.F. Stratton, 1832

Oriented with north to the upper left; sheet 42 x 51 cm.

Church melodist: a collection of sacred music, comprising, in addition to most of the old standard tunes, a great variety of new and original tunes, sentences, chants, anthems, &c. Adapted to social and religious worship, societies, singing schools, &c.

For chorus (SATB), principally with figured bass.

A sequel to the Common school grammar; containing, in addition to other materials and illustrations, notes and critical remarks on the philosophy of the English language; and explaining some of its most difficult idiomatic phrases. Designed for the use of the first class in common schools.

Mode of access: Internet.

Notes on cement testing in addition to those submitted May 24, 1900. Also answering report of the commissioners of accounts to one made March 5, 1901, by the engineer of the Department of highways, borough of Brooklyn, on violation of specifications for concrete street foundations. Report to the Hon. Robert A. Van Wyck, mayor,

Mode of access: Internet.

The miscellaneous works of the Rev. Matthew Henry : containing in addition to those heretofore published, numerous sermons now first printed from the original mss. : an appendix on what Christ is made to believers,in forty real benefits,by Philip Henry... : funeral sermons for Mr. and Mrs. Henry, by the Rev. Matthew Henry : funeral sermons on Mr. Matthew Henry, by W. Tong, John Reynolds, and Dr. Williams.

Includes the author's Life of the Rev. Philip Henry: p. [xii]-163.

The miscellaneous works of the Rev. Matthew Henry; containing, in addition to those heretofore published, numberous sermons, now first printed from the original manuscript; an appendix, on What Christ is made to believers, in forty real benefits,

Mode of access: Internet.

An examination of the message of his excellency the governor to the Senate : returning the bill, in addition to an act for regulating, governing and training the militia of this commonwealth, March 28, 1833 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Message of His Excellency the governor to the Senate, returning the bill In addition to an Act for regulating, governing and training the militia of this commonwealth, with his objections to its becoming a law, together with the documents which accompanied said message. March 28, 1833.

Mode of access: Internet.

Studying Castle Nugent Farms for potential addition to the national park system : report (to accompany H.R. 318).

"April 20, 2006."

Topographical survey of lots 3 and 4 in the subdivision of lot 121 South Highland addition to Highland Park in sec. 36 T. 43 N. R. 12 E. of the 3rd P. M. [at bottom] Survey for Harold Florsheim

Blueprint; topo lines, elevations; survey by "Windes and Marsh, Engineers and Surveyors, Winnetka, Illinois"; note on reverse, "H. M. Florsheim, 541 W. Adams St., Chicago, Illinois"; unsigned. [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]