Culturas alimentares en proceso de cambio

[Excerto] Introdução: O ato alimentar é uma necessidade vital porque, sem nutrientes o organismo não sobrevive. Mas é essencialmente um ato social e simbólico dado que, envolve uma multiplicidade de condicionantes unidas por complexas interações e inter-relações entre o meio ambiente e homem que condicionam as diferentes fases do sistema alimentar. Decidir pelo paradigma científico ecosofico-ecológico é adotar uma perspetiva do estudo da alimentação no tempo, o que sugere uma visão holística e ecossistémica das interações, retroações e inter-relações dinâmicas entre a alimentação, a ecologia e a sociedade, que remetem para o método multidimensional e diferentes níveis de análise. (...)

Competencias genéricas en las culturas institucionales de la escuela media: su potencial significación para la educación superior universitaria

El proyecto tematiza la identificación de competencias genéricas (no disciplinarias) originadas en las culturas institucionales de la escuela media con potencial significación para la educación superior universitaria. La necesidad de identificar competencias genéricas en las culturas institucionales de la escuela media encuentra sus antecedentes en algunas investigaciones que, si bien analizan la problemática desde la perspectiva de la articulación Escuela Media – Universidad, focalizan su interés en explorar cuestiones vinculadas al ámbito epistemológico de las disciplinas es decir, al ámbito de las competencias específicas. En este sentido, estos estudios resaltan el déficit en la adquisición por parte de los alumnos de la escuela media de competencias académico-curriculares, particularmente en los conocimientos vinculados con las disciplinas escolares (matemática, lengua, química, física, biología; entre las más atendidas). El estudio posibilitará identificar competencias genéricas construidas en las culturas institucionales de la escuela media con potencial significación para la educación superior universitaria. En otra etapa –no prevista en esta investigación - permitirá el diseño e implementación de un plan de formación para equipos directivos de escuela media y responsables de gestión de educación superior universitaria.

Aproveitamento de um fosfato natural parcialmente solubilizado pelas culturas do arroz, milho e soja: I. Resultados preliminares

Em solos pouco ácidos, pobres em P disponível, dois dos quais anteriormente com vegetação de cerrado, foram conduzidos ensaios destinados a comparar a eficiência de um fosfato natural parcialmente acidulado com ácido sulfúrico (FAPS) com a do super simples (SS) e a do fosfato de Araxá original. Usaram-se as culturas de arroz de sequeiro, milho e soja. Verificou-se que: (1) o FAPS deu produções que não diferiram estatísticamente das obtidas com o SS sendo maiores que as conseguidas com o FA; (2) os resultados das análises de solos e da diagnose foliar indicam que o FAPS funcionou como fonte de P, Ca e S.

Pesquizas sobre a acção physiologica das toxinas bacterianas: I. sobre a actividade physiologica dos filtrados de culturas do bacillo coli. Reacções do intestino isolado e perfundido

The writers report experiments performed with filtrates of old cultures od colon bacilli upon the isolated and perfused rabbit gut. According to the experiments the writers suppose to exist one or more substances in the filtrates of old cultures of colon bacilli with physiological activity upon the isolated and perfused rabbit gut. Such activity is essentially characterised by a rapid increase of the intestine tonus. When the Ringer-Tyrode solution containing the filtrate is removed and replaced by a fresh one, the increase of the tonus disappears. Liver-broth medium causes a somewhat increase of the tonus of the gut but much less in intensity.

Pesquizas sobre a acção physiologica das toxinas bacterianas: II - sobre os efeitos dos filtrados de culturas antigas de bacillo coli administrados por via digestiva a coelhos

This paper deals with experiments of propination of small doses of filtrates of old cultures of colon bacilli to normal rabbits by stomach tube. The experiments have demonstrate that the propination of the filtrates produces a decrease of weight in the animals in experience. The loss of weight just after the first propination of the filtrate to the rabbit and continues progressively leading to emaciation and death if new doses are given. If the propination was too much prolonged the animals goes to death, notwithstanding the propination of the filtrates being discontinued.

Poderá o carrapato transmitir a lepra?: mais quatro amostras de culturas de bacilos acido-alcool resistentes obtidas de carrapatos (2 de "Amblyomma cajennense"e 2 de "Boophilus microplus") infectados em leprosos do Paraná: 3ª nota

The AA. carried out experiments in the leprosarium São Roque, State of Paraná, South Brazil, to verify if the cattle tick Boophilus microplus could be experimentally infected in lepers, which was true. The AA. Tried also to be ascertained if Boophilus microplus and Amblyomma cajennense could change of hosts during their feedings which was true, both ticks continue feeding, the last species for many days, after being transferred from one to another leper. The junior A. describes in full their experiments and also a dermatites caused by tick bites. The senior A. brought to Rio de Janeiro most of the infected ticks for examination, which revealed a very high positivity. He smeared the sediments of lots of both species of ticks in Loewenstein medium and after a variable periode of incubation at 37° C. he obtained four new samples of cultures of acid-fast organisms, two from Amblyomma cajennense and two from Boophilus microplus. These cultures are being studied and will be inoculated into laboratory animals. The senior A. inoculated new batches of white rats with sediments of many ticks infected in lepers. Various hypotheses of both previous notes upon the subject now are verified facts. The A. is accumulating facts to draw the conclusions in the future. He also suggested the leprosy workers in the interior of the country to cooperate with him in such important studies, specially in the habitat of lepers in the rural zones of various States.

Preparo de antígenos (Leprolinas Souza-Araujo) de culturas de bacilos ácido-álcool resistentes isolados de leprosos: seu emprêgo intradérmico, comparativamente com o da Lepromina, e subcutâneo ou intravenoso como tentativa terapêutica

The A. prepared five antigens from his leprosy cultures which by analogy with ROST's product he called Leprolins. The methods of its preparation and use are given. After a few tests to prove its innocuity for man the A. in cooperation with Dr. JOSÉ MARIANO, injected all five antigens intracutaneously in 120 patients. Now the products are being tested in 17 Leper Colonies of Brazil, in Argentina by Dr. SALOMON SCHUJMAN and in two leprosaria of Colombia. As antigen for skin tests the first results obtained are more or less identical with the results with Lepromin. Its use in serology for leprosy diagnosis will be made by Dr. T. PINTO of Rio, and Prof. LUIZ PRADO BARRIENTOS, of La Paz, Bolivia. As curative means the Leprolins are being injected into resistent lesions of leprosy and also by intraven injections, whose results Dr. José Mariano will publish soon. The Leprolins Souza-Araujo are put at disposal of all leprologists interested in its use.

Culturas de bacilos ácido-álcool resistentes isolados de hematófagos infectados em leprosos: evidências de se tratar do bacilo de Hansen

The A. summarises the history of his first culture of acidfast bacillus isolated directly from leprosy lesions (Sample José) and refers about two samples recovered from guinea pig and white rat inoculated with said culture. Then the A. completes his previous descriptions of four cultures of acidfast bacilli isolated by him from ticks (Amblyomma cajaennense and Boophilus microplus, two cultures from each species) infected experimentally in lepers. The A. having found specimens of two species of Triatomidae (Triatoma infestans and Panstrongylus megistus) naturally infected with HANSEN bacillus in huts habited by lepers in the State of Minas Gerais (Dec. 1942), started a series of experiments, using larvae and nymphs of T. infestans bred in laboratory at the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, to infect in active cases of leprosy, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, could obtain two new samples of cultures of acid-fast bacilli (Ns. 6 and 7 of his set). In this papaer the A. studies the biological properties of said cultures, proving that Penicilin has not effect upon them, like other substances. The sulphuric and acetic acids were used to purify some of the cultures, with good results, the cultures becoming more rich and growing faster. Potassium hydroxide Sodium (10% solution) was also used with success to isolate and to purify the cultures, but it seems that it affects the bacilli in some way. In flud glycerinated media the majority of such cultures produce velum suitable for the preparation of antigens for skin tests and for therapeutical use. At last the A. says that he is becoming convinced that the HANSEN bacillus is in cause, especially after thee evidences of culturing the bacillus from one patient, in different opportunities.

Acarianos infestadores de culturas de cogumelos: Biologia - Classificação - Métodos de combate

São resumidas as referências encontradas na literatura sôbre infestações de acarianos em culturas de cogumelos e as dificuldades encontradas para exterminá-los. Descrevem-se com detalhes as características das culturas infestadas que permitem a suspeita e mesmo certeza de infestação pela simples observação da cultura. É feito um estudo sôbre a morfologia, evolução e hábitos dos acarianos que infestaram a micoteca do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, provávelmente Tyroglyphus longior e Tarsonemus floricolus. São descritas as experiências feitas com várias drogas no sentido de combater os acarianos. Finalmente os autores aconselham o uso do querosene em larga escala não só para matar os acarianos como também para evitar novas infestações. O querosene deverá ser pingado externamente nas rõlhas de algodão dos tubos de cultura e aplicado largamente sôbre suportes, armários, etc.; as placas de petri deverão ser colocadas sôbre papel de filtro embebido em querosene.