Use of cooled bull semen as a strategy to increase the pregnancy rate in fixed-time artificial insemination programs-case report

Semen cryopreservation is still considered suboptimal due to lower fertility when compared to fresh semen. The reasons for the loss of fertility are various and related to irreversible damage caused to the cells during the freeze-thaw process. An alternative to conventional cryopreservation represents the use of chilled bull semen, preventing the damage associated with freezing, thereby guaranteeing greater sperm viability. The aim of this study was to describe the use of cooled bull semen as a strategy to increase the pregnancy for Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI) of Nellore (Bos indicus) cows. One ejaculate of a select Nellore bull obtained by electroejaculation was used; the semen sample was fractioned into two aliquots: one diluted in Botu-Bov® extender containing 6.4% glycerol for cryopreservation (BB-F, frozen group) and one diluted in the same extender, free from cryoprotectants and used for cooling (BB-C, cooled semen group). The samples in the BB-C group were chilled to 5°C using an isothermic box and maintained for 24 h prior to use. A total of 349 lactating Nellore cows (70-90 days after birth) were synchronized by the insertion of a progesterone releasing device (1.0 g) and estradiol benzoate (2.0 mg i.m.) on a random day of the estrous cycle (Day 0); FTAI was performed 44-48 h after the removal of the device. The pregnancy rates were 45.71 and 61.49% (P<0.05), respectively, for the cryopreserved or chilled bovine semen groups. In conclusion, the use of bull semen cooled for 24 h represents an alternative to conventionally cryopreserved semen, as determined by the increase the pregnancy per artificial insemination in bovine herds. © 2012 Science Publication.

Crioconservação de embriões de peixes neotropicais

Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

Avaliação das características seminais e criopreservação do sêmen de Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Siluriforme pimelodidae)

Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

Utilização de diferentes tipos de amidas como agentes crioprotetores para espermatozóides de garanhões

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Viabilidade de embriões de piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus) submetidos a diferentes protocolos de resfriamento

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Viabilidade e fertilidade de sêmen ovino criopreservado com glicerol e dimetilacetamida acrescido de trealose EDTA

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação de diferentes diluentes na criopreservação de sêmen ovino (Ovis aries)

Durante a criopreservação são inúmeras as alterações sofridas pelas células espermáticas, o que conduz à queda na motilidade e perda da sua viabilidade pós-descongelação. Por este motivo, surge a necessidade de aperfeiçoar os processos de tecnologia do sêmen, principalmente quanto ao uso de diluentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade de espermatozóides ovinos, submetidos ao processo de diluição e criopreservação, utilizando-se 3 diluentes (TES, TRIS e PBS) e 3 tempos de equilíbrio (4h, 8h e 12h), sendo o estudo dividido em 9 grupos: TES-4h, TES-8h, TES-12h, TRIS-4h, TRIS-8h, TRIS-12h, PBS-4h, PBS-8h e PBS-12h. Após a colheita, o sêmen foi avaliado macro e microscopicamente, e prédiluído nas soluções TES, TRIS e PBS, no entanto sem a adição dos crioprotetores (Solução A), onde permaneceram por 1h. Posteriormente, o sêmen foi diluído com as soluções TES, TRIS e PBS, já contendo os crioprotetores, novamente avaliado, para então ser envasado, sendo submetido aos diferentes tempos de equilíbrio, e em seguida, congelado. Após a descongelação, foi avaliado a motilidade e o vigor, e após o TTR, a motilidade, o vigor e o desprendimento do acrossoma. Na criopreservação com TRIS, a motilidade e o vigor foram estatisticamente similares (p>0,05) no sêmen congelado com equilíbrio de 4h (17,2% e 1,6), 8h (22,4% e 2,1) e 12h (14,8% e 1,6) (p>0,05). Após o TTR não foi observado diferença estatística (p>0,05) para a motilidade e o vigor em 4h (10,4% e 1,1) e em 12h (10,0% e 1,2) de equilíbrio, porém houve um aumento em 8h (15,6% e 1,6) (p<0,05). Não houve diferença estatística (p>0,05) no índice de desprendimento do acrossoma entre 4h (35,1) e 12h (37,6) de equilíbrio, havendo uma redução nestes índices em 8h (30,4) (p<0,05). Na criopreservação com TES, a motilidade do sêmen congelado com equilíbrio de 4h (24,8%) e 12h (27,6%) foram estatisticamente similares (p>0,05), sendo que o tempo de 8h (40,4%) diferiu estatisticamente dos demais. O vigor foi estatisticamente similar (p>0,05) para o sêmen descongelado com equilíbrio de 4h (2,0), 8h (2,6) e 12h (2,3), não diferindo estatisticamente (p>0,05). Após o TTR não foi observado diferença estatística (p>0,05) para a motilidade em 4h (18,8%) e em 12h (17,4%) de equilíbrio, porém houve um aumento em 8h (29,6%) (p<0,05). Em relação ao vigor e ao desprendimento do acrossoma não houve diferença estatística (p>0,05) em 4h (2,0 e 35,8), 8h (2,1 e 33,4) e 12h (1,8 e 42,2) de equilíbrio. Na criopreservação com o PBS, não foram observados motilidade e vigor após a descongelação. Esses resultados indicam que o diluente à base de TES e o tempo de equilíbrio de 8h mostraram-se mais adequados para a diluição e congelação de sêmen ovino.

Vitrificação de ovócitos e embriões bovinos utilizando-se etilenoglicol, dimetilsulfóxido e dimetilformamida como agentes crioprotetores

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da eficácia de crioprotetores permeantes e não permeantes no descongelamento rápido e lento do sêmen canino

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between cryoprotectants little studied in Brazil such as dimethylformamide and trehalose amid thinner, using protocols of fast and slow defrosting. Three adult Labrador Retrievier male, healthy dogs, weekly submitted to one semen collection during five-weeks period, were used. The base diluent medium used in this study was tris-citrate added with 3% of dimethylformamide + 3% glycerol (D1), 3% dimethylformamide and trehalose (D2) and 4% glycerol (D3). At defrosting, half of the semen samples from each diluent medium was defrosted by rapid method in water-bath at 75 °C for seven minutes, followed by a new immersion at 37 °C for 1 minute. The other half of the samples was defrosted by slow method, in water-bath at 37 °C for 1 minute. The semen was evaluated for sperm progressive motility and vigor, besides membrane integrity. For this, the semen samples were submitted to either hyposmotic and membrane integrity tests of the plasmatic membrane and acrosome (fluorescence). The results indicated that the use of glycerol as cryoprotector in TRIS diluter provides greater efficacy in cryopreserving spermatozoa of the canine species, when compared to dimethylformamide associated with trehalose or glycerol.

Avanços na criopreservação do sêmen ovino I: diluidores e crioprotetores

The effectiveness of using frozen sheep semen in artificial insemination programs requires the development of extenders and freezing protocols that will increase pregnancy rate of inseminated females. This work aimed to survey the main extenders, additives and external and internal cryoprotectants that have been employed to improve the maintenance levels of sperm parameters after the freezing-thawing process. Better rates of post-thawing sheep sperm viability may be obtained with changes in the freezing extender composition, whether by the adjustment of its components or by introducing additives that inhibit the occurrence of sperm changes during the cryopreservation process. Thus, the possible changes proposed must take into consideration the intrinsic characteristics of ram semen and the individual variability among animals. It is important to emphasize that the sperm cryopreservation effectiveness requires that all process steps are conducted in an integrated manner, to maximize the fertility rate of frozen ram semen.

Improved sperm cryosurvival in diluents containing amides versus glycerol in the Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii)

Two studies were conducted to understand sperm cryosensitivity in an endangered equid, the Przewalski's horse (Equus ferns przewalski), while testing the cryoprotectant ability of formamides. The first assessed the toxicity of permeating cryoprotectants (glycerol, methylformamide IMF] and dimethylformamide [DMF]) to Przewalski's horse spermatozoa during liquid storage at 4 C. The second examined the comparative influence of three diluents (with or without formamides) on cryosurvival of sperm from the Przewalski's versus domestic horse. When Przewalski's horse spermatozoa were incubated at 4 C in INRA 96 with differing concentrations of glycerol, MF or DMF or a combination of these amides, cells tolerated all but the highest concentration (10% v/v) of MF alone or in combination with DMF, both of which decreased (P < 0.05) motility traits. There was no effect of cryoprotectants on sperm acrosomal integrity. In the cryosurvival study, average sperm motility and proportion of cells with intact acrosomes in fresh ejaculates were similar (P> 0.05) between the Przewalski's (67%, 84%, respectively) and domestic (66%, 76%) horse donors. Sperm from both species were diluted in lactose-EDTA-glycerol (EQ), Botu-Crio (BOTU; a proprietary product containing glycerol and MF) or SM (INRA 96 plus 2% [v/v] egg yolk and 2.5% [v/v] MF and DMF) and then frozen over liquid nitrogen vapor. After thawing, the highest values recovered for total and progressive sperm motility, acrosomal integrity and mitochondria] membrane potential were 42.4%, 21.8%, 88.7% and 25.4 CN (CN = mean JC-1 fluorescence intensity/cell on a channel number scale), respectively, in the Przewalski's and 49.3%, 24.6%, 88.9% and 25.8 CN, respectively, in the domestic horse. Although sperm progressive motility and acrosome integrity did not differ (P> 0.05) among treatments across species, mitochondrial membrane potential was higher (P< 0.05) in both species using EQ compared to BOTU or SM media. Additionally, Przewalski's stallion sperm expressed higher (P < 0.05) post-thaw total motility in BOTU and SM compared to EQ whereas there were no differences among freezing diluents in the domestic horse. In summary, Przewalski's stallion sperm benefit from exposure to either MF or DMF as an alternative cryoprotectant to glycerol. Overt sperm quality appears similar between the Przewalski's and domestic horse, although the total motility of cells from the former appears more sensitive to certain freezing diluents. Nonetheless, post-thaw motility and acrosomal integrity values for Przewalski's horse spermatozoa mimic findings in the domestic horse in the presence of INRA 96 supplemented with 2% (v/v) egg yolk and a combined 2.5% concentration of MF and DMF. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Indução a espermiação e criopreservação espermática de Brycon cephalus (Gunther, 1869) (teleostei: characidae)

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

Hatching, survival and deformities of piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus) embryos subjected to different cooling protocols

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Transplante de medula óssea para suporte de células tronco hematopoiéticas em cães acometidos por linfoma

Lymphoma represents the most prevalent hematopoietic malignancy in small animal medicine. It is highly responsible to chemotherapy and therefore several protocols are used as therapeutic tools. For that reason, the bone marrow transplantation, enshrined in human medicine through initial trial in canine patients, has increasingly become the focus of studies in order to make it a reality also in veterinary medicine. First, the treatment with the chosen chemotherapy protocol is made. As complete remission of lymphoma is observed, it must be initiated the bone marrow harvesting. The obtained material is subjected to the processes of erythrocyte depletion, plasma depletion, cryoprotectants addition, total nuclear cells counting, hematopoietic progenitor quantification, analysis of cell viability and freezing. Following that, with radiotherapy or application of cyclophosphamide, the conditioning phase of the patient who is receiving the transplantation is carried out. The bags containing hematopoietic stem cells are then thawed and transplanted into the receptor organism. Support with hematopoietic stem cells allows the use of lethal doses of chemotherapy or radiotherapy and has been shown to considerably raise the disease remission time and survival rate of the canine patients

Avaliação da viabilidade e desenvolvimento in vitro de oócitos de gatas domésticas após vitrificação em meio suplementado com vitamina E

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV