Semblanzas Ictiológicas Iberoamericanas: Fredy Iván Nugra Salazar.

A través de esta nueva serie tratamos de conocer diferentes aspectos personales de los integrantes de la comunidad ictiológica iberoamericana. Esta iniciativa, comparte el espíritu y objetivo de las semblanzas nacionales buscando informalmente otro punto de unión en la “comunidad de ictiólogos iberoamericanos”. Quizás esté equivocado en mi apreciación, pero creo que vale la pena este intento, ya que, con la colaboración generosa e insoslayable de los integrantes de este “universo”, señalaremos un registro en el tiempo de la Ictiología Neotropical.

'Cloak Without Dagger': How the Information Research Department Fought Britain's Cold War in the Middle East, 1948-1956

Vaughn, James, ''Cloak Without Dagger': How the Information Research Department Fought Britain's Cold War in the Middle East, 1948-1956', Cold War History (2004) 4(3) pp.56-84 RAE2008

Erich Lessing: Arresting Time. Reportage Photography 1948-1973

Crawford, Alistair, Erich Lessing: Arresting Time. Reportage Photography 1948-1973 (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2005) RAE2008

Radiowe audycje umuzykalniające Marii Wieman jako forma wychowania muzycznego w przedszkolu. Analiza audycji z lat 1948-1976

Wydział Studiów Edukacyjnych: Zakład Edukacji Artystycznej

Cambios en el índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada (IVN) asociados a la proporción de leñosas y herbáceas en pastizales de la provincia de Entre Ríos

En la provincia de Entre Ríos la ganadería es una de las actividades económicas principales y la vegetación natural aporta más de la mitad del forraje consumido por el ganado. Para llevar a cabo un manejo eficiente de los recursos forrajeros es necesario conocer la productividad forrajera. Sin embargo, dada su gran variación espacial y temporal, los productores ganaderos rara vez cuentan con dicha información. Actualmente, es posible estimar la Productividad Primaria Neta Aérea (PPNA) de la vegetación a partir del IVN provisto por sensores satelitales. Sin embargo, en sitios con presencia de vegetación no forrajera, conocer la productividad no es suficiente, sino que es necesario separar la PPNA de los componentes forrajeros y no forrajeros. En algunos casos, diferencias fenológicas entre ambos componentes permiten separar el IVN asociado a cada componente de la vegetación. Sin embargo, esto aún no se ha evaluado en la Provincia de Entre Ríos. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en caracterizar cómo los cambios espaciales en la proporción de leñosas (no forrajeras) y herbáceas (forrajeras) pueden afectar el funcionamiento de la vegetación, mediante el uso del IVN del sensor satelital MODIS en dos áreas de vegetación natural de la provincia de Entre Ríos. En cada lugar se escogieron píxeles con distinta cobertura de leñosas y se evaluó si las diferencias en la cobertura se asociaban a cambios en el IVN promedio, su variación temporal y si existía relación con la precipitación anual. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre la cobertura de leñosas y el IVN en ambas zonas. En cambio, las variaciones inter e intra-anual y la respuesta marginal del IVN a la precipitación presentaron una correlación baja. La evaluación de los patrones de variación del IVN permitió determinar que para la zona de estudio los modelos de separación del IVN leñoso y herbáceo deberían basarse en el IVN promedio y no en su estacionalidad o en su respuesta a la precipitación.

Estimación climática de la evapotraspiración potencial en la Argentina según el método de Penman 1948

p.271-292

The CPR Survey (1948-1997): a gridded database browser of plankton abundance in the North Sea.

The Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey provides a unique multi- decadal dataset on the abundance of plankton in the North Sea and North Atlantic and is one of only a few monitoring programmes operating at a large spatio- temporal scale. The results of all samples analysed from the survey since 1946 are stored on an Access Database at the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS) in Plymouth. The database is large, containing more than two million records (~80 million data points, if zero results are added) for more than 450 taxonomic entities. An open data policy is operated by SAHFOS. However, the data are not on-line and so access by scientists and others wishing to use the results is not interactive. Requests for data are dealt with by the Database Manager. To facilitate access to the data from the North Sea, which is an area of high research interest, a selected set of data for key phytoplankton and zooplankton species has been processed in a form that makes them readily available on CD for research and other applications. A set of MATLAB tools has been developed to provide an interpolated spatio-temporal description of plankton sampled by the CPR in the North Sea, as well as easy and fast access to users in the form of a browser. Using geostatistical techniques, plankton abundance values have been interpolated on a regular grid covering the North Sea. The grid is established on centres of 1 degree longitude x 0.5 degree latitude (~32 x 30 nautical miles). Based on a monthly temporal resolution over a fifty-year period (1948-1997), 600 distribution maps have been produced for 54 zooplankton species, and 480 distribution maps for 57 phytoplankton species over the shorter period 1958-1997. The gridded database has been developed in a user-friendly form and incorporates, as a package on a CD, a set of options for visualisation and interpretation, including the facility to plot maps for selected species by month, year, groups of months or years, long-term means or as time series and contour plots. This study constitutes the first application of an easily accessed and interactive gridded database of plankton abundance in the North Sea. As a further development the MATLAB browser is being converted to a user- friendly Windows-compatible format (WinCPR) for release on CD and via the Web in 2003.

Phaeocystis colony distribution in the North Atlantic Ocean since 1948, and interpretation of long-term changes in the Phaeocystis hotspot in the North Sea

Monitoring of Phaeocystis since 1948 during the Continuous Plankton Recorder survey indicates that over the last 5.5 decades the distribution of its colonies in the North Atlantic Ocean was not restricted to neritic waters: occurrence was also recorded in the open Atlantic regions sampled, most frequently in the spring. Apparently, environmental conditions in open ocean waters, also those far oVshore, are suitable for complete lifecycle development of colonies (the only stage recorded in the survey). In the North Sea the frequency of occurrence was also highest in spring. Its southeastern part was the Phaeocystis abundance hotspot of the whole area covered by the survey. Frequency was especially high before the 1960s and after the 1980s, i.e., in the periods when anthropogenic nutrient enrichment was relatively low. Changes in eutrophication have obviously not been a major cause of long-term Phaeocystis variation in the southeastern North Sea, where total phytoplankton biomass was related signiWcantly to river discharge. Evidence is presented for the suggestion that Phaeocystis abundance in the southern North Sea is to a large extent determined by the amount of Atlantic Ocean water Xushed in through the Dover Strait. Since Phaeocystis plays a key role in element Xuxes relevant to climate the results presented here have implications for biogeochemical models of cycling of carbon and sulphur. Sea-to-air exchange of CO2 and dimethyl sulphide (DMS) has been calculated on the basis of measurements during single-year cruises. The considerable annual variation in phytoplankton and in its Phaeocystis component reported here does not warrant extrapolation of such figures.