Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck, en eenige gebeurtenissen van zijnen tijd.

Mode of access: Internet.

Verzameling van placaaten, resolutien en andere authentyke stukken enz. betrekking hebbende tot de gewigtige gebeurtenissen, in de maand september MDCCLXXXVII en vervolgens, in het gemeenebest der Vereenigde Nederlanden voorgevallen ...

Title varies slightly.

Verzameling van placaaten, resolutien en andere authentyke stukken enz. betrekking hebbende tot de gewigtige gebeurtenissen.

Mode of access: Internet.

Rymkronyk van Jan van Heelu betreffende den slag van Woeringen, van het jaer 1288 /

Binder's title: Bataille de Woeringen.

Az EU-USA banánvita és ami mögötte van

Jelen tanulmány apropóját a több mint másfél évtizedig tartó, az USA és az Európai Unió közötti banánvita 2009. december 15-én történő lezárása adja. A rekordhosszúságú, számos szereplőt és érdeket érintő, többszörösen összetett vita méltán került a nemzetközi kereskedelem iránt érdeklődők figyelmének középpontjába. Az ügy –amelyet a GATT, majd a WTO Vitarendezési Mechanizmusának keretében tárgyaltak – nem a szokványos nemzetközi kereskedelmi viták egyike volt. A két szembenálló fél „pozíciója” sem szokványos: miért él kifogással a WTO-nál az USA, mint a világ egyik legjelentősebb banánimportőre az EU banánimport-szabályozásával szemben – amikor azt inkább valamely exportőrtől várnánk? Ahogy keressük a választ erre a logikus kérdésre, és ahogy elmélyedünk a vita részleteiben, úgy bontakozik ki szemünk előtt az ügy összetettsége, s hamar felismerjük: valódi állatorvosi lóba botlottunk. A szövevényes ügy ugyanis kiterjed nemcsak a WTO vitarendezési mechanizmusára és az EU banánimportjára, hanem az USA közvetlen külföldi beruházásaira és az amerikai multik érdekeire, az EU fejlesztési politikájára, a WTO Dohai Fordulójának fejlődésre tett ígéretére, az európai és amerikai hipermarketláncok és a latin-amerikai banánmunkások kapcsolatára, a méltányos kereskedelemre (fair trade) és sok minden másra. Az eset vizsgálata ezért nemcsak érdekes, hanem rendkívül tanulságos is. Ennek értelmében jelen tanulmány célja – a rendelkezésre álló terjedelmi kereteken belül – ismertetni és elemezni az USA és az EU között zajló banánvitát, annak exportőr és importőr országokbeli, valamint világkereskedelmi hátterét, illetve értékelni a 2009 végén aláírt egyezményt és annak várható hatásait az ügy valamennyi érintettjére.

Van der Waals-corrected density functional theory : benchmarking for hydrogen–nanotube and nanotube–nanotube interactions

Density functional theory (DFT) is a powerful approach to electronic structure calculations in extended systems, but suffers currently from inadequate incorporation of long-range dispersion, or Van der Waals (VdW) interactions. VdW-corrected DFT is tested for interactions involving molecular hydrogen, graphite, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and SWCNT bundles. The energy correction, based on an empirical London dispersion term with a damping function at short range, allows a reasonable physisorption energy and equilibrium distance to be obtained for H2 on a model graphite surface. The VdW-corrected DFT calculation for an (8, 8) nanotube bundle reproduces accurately the experimental lattice constant. For H2 inside or outside an (8, 8) SWCNT, we find the binding energies are respectively higher and lower than that on a graphite surface, correctly predicting the well known curvature effect. We conclude that the VdW correction is a very effective method for implementing DFT calculations, allowing a reliable description of both short-range chemical bonding and long-range dispersive interactions. The method will find powerful applications in areas of SWCNT research where empirical potential functions either have not been developed, or do not capture the necessary range of both dispersion and bonding interactions.

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of graphene nanostructures

Graphene has received great interest from researchers all over the world owing to its unique properties. Much of the excitement surrounding graphene is due to its remarkable properties and inherent quantum effects. These effects and properties make it a desirable material for the fabrication of new devices. Graphene has a plethora of potential uses including gas and molecular sensors, electronics, spintronics and optics [1-7]. Interestingly, some of these properties have been known about since before the material was even isolated due to a considerable amount of theoretical work and simulations. The material was to some extent a condensed matter modelers "toy" as it was used as a benchmark 2D material Graphene had been used for a long time as the fundamental building block of many other carbon structures...

Interface of graphane with copper : a van der Waals density-functional study

Various forms of hydrogenated graphene have been produced to date by several groups, while the synthesis of pure graphane has not been achieved yet. The study of the interface between graphane, in all its possible hydrogenation configurations, and catalyst metal surfaces can be pivotal to assess the feasibility of direct CVD growth methods for this material. We investigated the adhesion of graphane to a Cu(111) surface by adopting the vdW-DF2-C09 exchange-correlation functional, which is able to describe dispersion forces. The results are further compared with the PBE and the LDA exchange-correlation functionals. We calculated the most stable geometrical configurations of the slab/graphane interface and evaluated how graphane's geometrical parameters are modified. We show that dispersion forces play an important role in the slab/graphane adhesion. Band structure calculations demonstrated that in the presence of the interaction with copper, the band gap of graphane is not only preserved, but also enlarged, and this increase can be attributed to the electronic charge accumulated at the interface. We calculated a substantial energy barrier at the interface, suggesting that CVD graphane films might act as reliable and stable insulating thin coatings, or also be used to form compound layers in conjunction with metals and semiconductors.

Author's reply to: Ankylosing spondylitis: evidence for a non-HLA-B*27 protective effect, Sjef Van Der Linden, Desieree Van Der Heijde

As mentioned in the letter by van der Linden and van der Heijde, Jurgen Braun’s excellent recent paper describing a survey of blood donors by questionnaire, clinical, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations revealed a prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis in B27 positive blood donors (6.4%)1-1 very similar to that reported by Gran et al(6.7%).1-2 It is probable that some of the differences in reported prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis by the various studies are because of methodological differences.

Turning the Kaleidoscope - (E)FL Educational Experience and Inquiry as Auto/biography

This book is a study on learning, teaching/counselling, and research on the two. My quest has been to find a pedagogically-motivated way of researching learning and teaching interaction, and in particular counselling, in an autonomous language-learning environment. I have tried to develop a method that would make room for lived experience, meaning-making and narrating, because in my view these all characterise learning encounters between language learners and counsellors, and learners and their peers. Lived experience as a source of meaning, telling and co-telling becomes especially significant when we try to listen to the diverse personal and academic voices of the past as expressed in autobiographical narratives. I have aimed at researching various ALMS dialogues (Autonomous Learning Modules, University of Helsinki Language Centre English course and programme), and autobiographical narratives within them, in a way that shows respect for the participants, and that is relevant, reflective and, most importantly, self-reflexive. My interest has been in autobiographical telling in (E)FL [(English as a) foreign language], both in students first-person written texts on their language- learning histories and in the sharing of stories between learners and a counsellor. I have turned to narrative inquiry in my quest and have written the thesis as an experiential narrative. In particular, I have studied learners and counsellors in one and the same story, as characters in one narrative, in an attempt to avoid the impression that I am telling yet another separate, anecdotal story, retrospectively. Through narrative, I have shed light on the subjective dimensions of language learning and experience, and have come closer to understanding the emotional aspects of learning encounters. I have questioned and rejected a distanced and objective approach to describing learning and teaching/counselling. I have argued for a holistic and experiential approach to (E)FL encounters in which there is a need to see emotion and cognition as intertwined, and thus to appreciate learners and counsellors emotionally-charged experiences as integral to their identities. I have also argued for a way of describing such encounters as they are situated in history, time, autobiography, and the learning context. I have turned my gaze on various constellations of lived experience: the data was collected on various occasions and in various settings during one course and consists of videotaped group sessions, individual counselling sessions between students and their group counsellor, biographic narrative interviews with myself, open-ended personally-inspired reflection texts written by the students about their language-learning histories, and student logs and diaries. I do not consider data collection an unproblematic occasion, or innocent practice, and I defend the integrity of the research process. Research writing cannot be separated from narrative field work and analysing and interpreting the data. The foci in my work have turned to be the following: 1) describing ALMS encounters and specifying their narrative aspects; 2) reconceptualising learner and teacher autonomy in ALMS and in (E)FL; 2) developing (E)FL methodologically through a teacher-researcher s identity work; 4) research writing as a dialogical narrative process, and the thesis as an experiential narrative. Identity and writing as inquiry, and the deeply narrative and autobiographical nature of the (E)FL teaching/counselling/researching have come to the fore in this research. Research writing as a relational activity and its implications for situated ways of knowing and knowledge turned out to be important foci. I have also focussed on the context-bound and local teacher knowledge and ways of knowing about being a teacher, and I have argued for personal ways of knowing about, and learning and studying foreign languages. I discuss research as auto/biography: as a practising counsellor I use my own life and (E)FL experience to understand and interpret the stories of the research participants even though I was not involved in their course work. The supposedly static binaries of learner/teacher, and also learner autonomy/teacher autonomy, are thus brought into the discussion. I have highlighted the infinite variability and ever-changing nature of learning and teaching English, but the book is also of relevance to foreign language education in general.